SIMONETT, Justice.
Defendant-appellant appeals from a conviction for first degree murder, claiming the trial court erred in failing to apply a Batson-type inquiry when the prosecutor challenged for cause the only black juror on the venire. Appellant also alleges that the evidence does not support the jury’s finding of premeditation and intent, that the trial court erred in admitting certain medical statements, and that his counsel was ineffective. We affirm.
On the evening of August 22, 1990, defendant and a group of friends were at a bar in North St. Paul. Defendant had been drinking off and on since around 11:00 a.m. Also at the bar were the victim, Todd Han-nestad, Todd Hannestad’s girlfriend (Cheryl Ann Guthrie), defendant’s ex-girlfriend (Cindy Kling), and another male (Wayne Hoveland). While at the bar, defendant approached this table several times. During one of those stops, defendant put his hand on Cheryl Ann Guthrie. Hannestad removed defendant’s hand and told him to leave them alone. A short while later, defendant returned with some friends, telling Hannestad “don’t ever put your hands on me.” Sometime before closing, Hannes-tad and his companions left the bar and proceeded to Kling’s apartment.
The defendant, who was staying with a friend in the same apartment complex as Kling, left the bar at closing time. After returning to the complex, defendant accompanied a friend (Parris Lambright) to a garage to play chess. Defendant drank some beer and smoked marijuana. A short time later, defendant left the garage and proceeded to Kling’s apartment. After being admitted, he told Hannestad “I told you not to mess with me” or “you shouldn’t have touched me.” A fist fight ensued between defendant and Hannestad, after which Hannestad threw defendant from the apartment and locked the apartment door.
Defendant ran back to the apartment at which he was staying and took a butcher knife from a kitchen drawer. At around 1:30 a.m. (moments after the earlier altercation), defendant returned to Kling’s apartment and kicked in the living room window. He lunged at Hannestad and stabbed him in the left side, the blade going in to the hilt, piercing the aorta. Defendant then fled through the broken window and ran into Lambright near some garbage dumpsters, saying “I just stabbed a guy.” Lambright took the knife and threw it away. Hannestad died of the stab wound at 2:14 a.m.
Around 7:30 a.m., the police located defendant hiding in a garage and also found the knife on the apartment grounds. After arresting defendant and taking him to Ramsey County Jail, the police took a routine urine sample. Urinalysis revealed that defendant’s blood alcohol level at 8:22 a.m. was .11. Expert testimony conflicted on what defendant’s blood alcohol level was at the time of the stabbing, or how that level would have affected defendant’s ability to plan.
During voir dire, the state moved to strike for cause the only black juror on the venire. The juror disclosed biases against alcohol and persons who abused alcohol, and also against the police. She stated that she would let her personal experience with an alcoholic father sway her judgment and would give lesser weight to police testimony. The defendant’s attorney rehabilitated the juror somewhat on her ability to be fair about alcoholism, but not about her feelings about police. The court granted the State’s motion to strike the juror for [776]*776cause. Defendant, who is black, claims this is error.
I.
The main issue in this case is defendant’s claim that a Batson-type inquiry should have been applied when the prosecutor challenged for cause the black juror. In Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986), the Supreme Court held that a defendant’s equal protection rights were violated if, after racially neutral procedures were used to select the jury pool, the state could nevertheless exclude members of the defendant’s race for racially discriminatory reasons by its use of peremptory challenges. Id. 476 U.S. at 86, 106 S.Ct. at 1717. Under Bat-son, the defendant must show that he is a member of a cognizable racial group and that the prosecutor exercised peremptory challenges to remove from the venire members of the defendant’s race. Defendant must then show that the facts and circumstances of the case raise an inference that the prosecutor used peremptory challenges to exclude jurors on account of their race. Once proven, the burden shifts to the prosecutor to show a racially neutral explanation for the challenge. Id. at 96-97, 106 S.Ct. at 1722-23.
The Supreme Court has expanded the use of Batson to peremptory challenges in cases outside of its original context.1 To our knowledge, however, neither it nor any state court has expanded Batson to challenges for cause. The reason, it seems to us, is that peremptory challenges are quite different from challenges for cause. The prosecutor may exercise a peremptory challenge “ ‘for any reason at all, as long as that reason is related to his view concerning the outcome’ of the case to be tried.” Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. at 89, 106 S.Ct. at 1719 (citation omitted). Peremptory challenges may be based on “sudden impressions,” “gestures,” or a mere feeling. See Swain v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 202, 220, 85 S.Ct. 824, 835, 13 L.Ed.2d 759 (1965). Challenges for cause, on the other hand, are limited. The trial judge decides whether or not they are granted. Under Minn.R.Crim.P. 26.02, subd. 5(1), the trial court may grant the motion to challenge for cause if satisfied that the juror cannot try the case impartially and without prejudice to the substantial rights of the party challenging. Moreover, if a prosecutor has demonstrated that a challenge for cause is necessary, then a fortiori the prosecutor has met the standard required for Batson. In discussing the type of proof required for the State to rebut a defendant’s prima facie showing, the Batson Court emphasized that “the prosecutor's explanation need not rise to the level justifying exercise of a challenge for cause.” Batson, 476 U.S. at 97, 106 S.Ct. at 1723.
Thus, it would be a rare case indeed in which a Batson inquiry would be necessary for a challenge for cause. Nevertheless, it seems to us that a case may arise in which the facts undoubtedly suggest that the prosecutor has challenged for cause a juror for racially discriminatory reasons, and the trial court has erred in granting the motion. We turn to the facts of this case to determine whether this is such a case.
Defendant points out two facts that, he claims, suggest the prosecutor acted with racially discriminatory motives. First, although the juror admitted biases, she also said she could be fair. We find this argument to be without merit. The juror admitted that the presence of alcohol in the case would make it difficult for her to be fair. She said she could not disregard her personal experiences with an alcoholic father nor could she judge appellant fairly. Because of a bad experience with police officers, she stated she would give lesser weight to their testimony. Although defendant’s counsel slightly rehabilitated the [777]*777juror about her ability to put aside her feelings on alcohol, the juror nevertheless seemed tentative and unconvinced, and the juror never swayed in her bias against police officers.
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SIMONETT, Justice.
Defendant-appellant appeals from a conviction for first degree murder, claiming the trial court erred in failing to apply a Batson-type inquiry when the prosecutor challenged for cause the only black juror on the venire. Appellant also alleges that the evidence does not support the jury’s finding of premeditation and intent, that the trial court erred in admitting certain medical statements, and that his counsel was ineffective. We affirm.
On the evening of August 22, 1990, defendant and a group of friends were at a bar in North St. Paul. Defendant had been drinking off and on since around 11:00 a.m. Also at the bar were the victim, Todd Han-nestad, Todd Hannestad’s girlfriend (Cheryl Ann Guthrie), defendant’s ex-girlfriend (Cindy Kling), and another male (Wayne Hoveland). While at the bar, defendant approached this table several times. During one of those stops, defendant put his hand on Cheryl Ann Guthrie. Hannestad removed defendant’s hand and told him to leave them alone. A short while later, defendant returned with some friends, telling Hannestad “don’t ever put your hands on me.” Sometime before closing, Hannes-tad and his companions left the bar and proceeded to Kling’s apartment.
The defendant, who was staying with a friend in the same apartment complex as Kling, left the bar at closing time. After returning to the complex, defendant accompanied a friend (Parris Lambright) to a garage to play chess. Defendant drank some beer and smoked marijuana. A short time later, defendant left the garage and proceeded to Kling’s apartment. After being admitted, he told Hannestad “I told you not to mess with me” or “you shouldn’t have touched me.” A fist fight ensued between defendant and Hannestad, after which Hannestad threw defendant from the apartment and locked the apartment door.
Defendant ran back to the apartment at which he was staying and took a butcher knife from a kitchen drawer. At around 1:30 a.m. (moments after the earlier altercation), defendant returned to Kling’s apartment and kicked in the living room window. He lunged at Hannestad and stabbed him in the left side, the blade going in to the hilt, piercing the aorta. Defendant then fled through the broken window and ran into Lambright near some garbage dumpsters, saying “I just stabbed a guy.” Lambright took the knife and threw it away. Hannestad died of the stab wound at 2:14 a.m.
Around 7:30 a.m., the police located defendant hiding in a garage and also found the knife on the apartment grounds. After arresting defendant and taking him to Ramsey County Jail, the police took a routine urine sample. Urinalysis revealed that defendant’s blood alcohol level at 8:22 a.m. was .11. Expert testimony conflicted on what defendant’s blood alcohol level was at the time of the stabbing, or how that level would have affected defendant’s ability to plan.
During voir dire, the state moved to strike for cause the only black juror on the venire. The juror disclosed biases against alcohol and persons who abused alcohol, and also against the police. She stated that she would let her personal experience with an alcoholic father sway her judgment and would give lesser weight to police testimony. The defendant’s attorney rehabilitated the juror somewhat on her ability to be fair about alcoholism, but not about her feelings about police. The court granted the State’s motion to strike the juror for [776]*776cause. Defendant, who is black, claims this is error.
I.
The main issue in this case is defendant’s claim that a Batson-type inquiry should have been applied when the prosecutor challenged for cause the black juror. In Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986), the Supreme Court held that a defendant’s equal protection rights were violated if, after racially neutral procedures were used to select the jury pool, the state could nevertheless exclude members of the defendant’s race for racially discriminatory reasons by its use of peremptory challenges. Id. 476 U.S. at 86, 106 S.Ct. at 1717. Under Bat-son, the defendant must show that he is a member of a cognizable racial group and that the prosecutor exercised peremptory challenges to remove from the venire members of the defendant’s race. Defendant must then show that the facts and circumstances of the case raise an inference that the prosecutor used peremptory challenges to exclude jurors on account of their race. Once proven, the burden shifts to the prosecutor to show a racially neutral explanation for the challenge. Id. at 96-97, 106 S.Ct. at 1722-23.
The Supreme Court has expanded the use of Batson to peremptory challenges in cases outside of its original context.1 To our knowledge, however, neither it nor any state court has expanded Batson to challenges for cause. The reason, it seems to us, is that peremptory challenges are quite different from challenges for cause. The prosecutor may exercise a peremptory challenge “ ‘for any reason at all, as long as that reason is related to his view concerning the outcome’ of the case to be tried.” Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. at 89, 106 S.Ct. at 1719 (citation omitted). Peremptory challenges may be based on “sudden impressions,” “gestures,” or a mere feeling. See Swain v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 202, 220, 85 S.Ct. 824, 835, 13 L.Ed.2d 759 (1965). Challenges for cause, on the other hand, are limited. The trial judge decides whether or not they are granted. Under Minn.R.Crim.P. 26.02, subd. 5(1), the trial court may grant the motion to challenge for cause if satisfied that the juror cannot try the case impartially and without prejudice to the substantial rights of the party challenging. Moreover, if a prosecutor has demonstrated that a challenge for cause is necessary, then a fortiori the prosecutor has met the standard required for Batson. In discussing the type of proof required for the State to rebut a defendant’s prima facie showing, the Batson Court emphasized that “the prosecutor's explanation need not rise to the level justifying exercise of a challenge for cause.” Batson, 476 U.S. at 97, 106 S.Ct. at 1723.
Thus, it would be a rare case indeed in which a Batson inquiry would be necessary for a challenge for cause. Nevertheless, it seems to us that a case may arise in which the facts undoubtedly suggest that the prosecutor has challenged for cause a juror for racially discriminatory reasons, and the trial court has erred in granting the motion. We turn to the facts of this case to determine whether this is such a case.
Defendant points out two facts that, he claims, suggest the prosecutor acted with racially discriminatory motives. First, although the juror admitted biases, she also said she could be fair. We find this argument to be without merit. The juror admitted that the presence of alcohol in the case would make it difficult for her to be fair. She said she could not disregard her personal experiences with an alcoholic father nor could she judge appellant fairly. Because of a bad experience with police officers, she stated she would give lesser weight to their testimony. Although defendant’s counsel slightly rehabilitated the [777]*777juror about her ability to put aside her feelings on alcohol, the juror nevertheless seemed tentative and unconvinced, and the juror never swayed in her bias against police officers. These facts raise no inference of racially discriminatory motive.
Defendant also points out that the prosecutor did not as thoroughly question a white male juror, whose answers suggested he may have had a similar bias against the police. Although defendant’s counsel elicited that this juror was “somewhat” unhappy with the way in which the police had treated him when he was arrested for DWI, the State did not pursue this topic in its questioning and accepted the juror. Defendant argues that this failure to question implies discriminatory motive because the State chose not to elicit information that may quite possibly have sustained a challenge for cause.
In analyzing this argument, we are mindful that the parties must have considerable latitude in their questioning of potential jurors and it would be unusual for this court to question a party’s failure to address a line of questioning helpful to it. However, the facts of a case may raise an overwhelming inference that the only reason the State failed to pursue certain inquiries is because the juror was white and it wished to keep the juror on the panel, even while the State inquired about similar facts on all of the black jurors. This is not, however, such a case. The white male juror was the first to be called for voir dire, so the State had not yet questioned the challenged black juror. The questioning on both sides developed more fully in the subsequent 3 days of voir dire. Moreover, the white male juror told the defendant’s attorney that he thought the court system was fair, even though he was “somewhat” unhappy with the police. It is possible that the State regarded this statement as positive enough so that it chose not to inquire into the juror’s feelings on the police. Also, both the State and the defendant more thoroughly questioned the black woman juror, because her biases against both parties were apparent from the start. Thus, we cannot say that the different questioning in this case raises an inference of racially discriminatory motives.2
[778]*778Accordingly, we hold that appellant was not denied equal protection when the trial judge refused to require a Batson inquiry in this case and that no new trial is necessary.
II.
Appellant argues that the jury could not properly find intent or premeditation because of evidence of his intoxication. Minn.Stat. § 609.075 (1990) provides that “when a particular intent or other state of mind is a necessary element to constitute a particular crime, the fact of intoxication may be taken into consideration in determining such intent or state of mind.” Here, the jury heard several witnesses testify to the amount of alcohol defendant consumed during the day and evening of August 22. Defendant’s blood alcohol level at 8:22 the next morning was .11. The mere fact of intoxication does not automatically mean, however, that appellant lacked the requisite intent. State v. Hale, 453 N.W.2d 704, 707 (Minn.1990), reh’g denied (Minn. May 23, 1990). Rather, this is a jury issue, and this court assumes that the jury disbelieved any testimony in conflict with the result it reached. State v. Flores, 418 N.W.2d 150, 157 (Minn.1988).
In this case, the jury could reasonably believe that defendant acted with intent and premeditation, despite the fact that he had been drinking. There was tension between appellant and Hannestad all evening. The two had exchanged words while at the bar and later had a fist fight at Kling’s apartment. After this scuffle, appellant ran to another apartment, retrieved a knife and returned to Kling’s apartment. There, he broke in the front window and lunged at the victim. The time lapse between the fist fight, getting the knife, and returning suggests premeditation and intent. Moreover, experts for both sides testified that the exact effect of alcohol on an individual varies. Thus, the record contains ample evidence to support the jury’s conclusion that appellant acted with intent and premeditation.
III.
Appellant argues that the trial court erred in allowing the medical examiner to testify that the depth of the stab wound indicated that the stabbing was an intentional act. We note first that appellant objected too late. Appellant did not object to the questions “Are you able to tell us whether this was or was not a deliberate act?” and “Are you able to tell us whether this was an intentional act?” Rather, appellant objected only after the witness had answered both questions affirmatively. Even had appellant timely objected, it seems to us that the witness, who was a medical examiner speaking from the standpoint of his profession, was only stating the obvious, given that the knife blade measured only 20.2 centimeters and the wound itself was 20.5 centimeters deep. We find no error in admitting this testimony.
In a separate pro se brief, appellant argues that he was denied his sixth amendment right to effective assistance of counsel. Appellant also argues that the prosecutor intentionally misled the grand jury. We have carefully reviewed the record and find both arguments to be without merit. None of the alleged errors to which appellant points has any basis in fact. Moreover, there is no reason to believe that there were errors in the grand jury proceedings. Accordingly, we find no sixth amendment violation.
Affirmed.