State v. Boblick

2004 NMCA 078, 93 P.3d 775, 135 N.M. 754
CourtNew Mexico Court of Appeals
DecidedMay 10, 2004
Docket23,160
StatusPublished
Cited by13 cases

This text of 2004 NMCA 078 (State v. Boblick) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Mexico Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Boblick, 2004 NMCA 078, 93 P.3d 775, 135 N.M. 754 (N.M. Ct. App. 2004).

Opinion

OPINION

FRY, Judge.

{1} Defendant Thomas Boblick appeals the denial of a motion to suppress evidence seized from his person subsequent to a law enforcement officer’s patdown search for weapons. The State claims that the search was not a Fourth Amendment seizure but instead was a voluntary “community caretaking” encounter. The State further argues that officer safety concerns justified the pat-down. Defendant contends that the officer’s actions exceeded the bounds of a voluntary welfare cheek, and that in any event the patdown violated his constitutional rights because the officer had no articulable reasons for the weapons check. We agree with Defendant and reverse.

BACKGROUND

{2} The events leading to this appeal were set into motion when law enforcement officers responded to a dispatch regarding a suspicious parked car. Two deputies from the Bernalillo County Sheriffs Department arrived at the scene, a vacant lot behind an auto parts store. Because it was night, the officers aimed their vehicle spotlights at the car. The officers then approached the car and observed Defendant, who appeared to be unconscious, seated inside the car. They could see that Defendant’s hands were in his lap and there was nothing in his hands. The officers knocked several times on the windows. The knocking roused Defendant, who appeared dazed and had a questioning facial expression. One of the officers, Deputy Medrano, asked whether Defendant was okay, and Defendant did not respond verbally. Nevertheless, when Medrano opened the car door, Defendant followed Medrano’s instructions to step out of the car. There was conflicting testimony about whether Defendant got out of the car on his own or whether Medrano physically helped Defendant out of the car. In any event, Defendant got out of the car and complied with Medrano’s subsequent request that he produce his driver’s license.

{3} Medrano then asked Defendant whether “he had any weapons or anything illegal on him that [Medrano] needed to know about.” After getting no verbal response from Defendant, Medrano conducted a pat-down. He felt a bulge in one of Defendant’s pockets. Medrano asked Defendant what it was, and Defendant replied with words along the lines of “go ahead and check.” Inside the pocket, Medrano discovered a quantity of cash along with some baggies containing white powder.

{4} The white powder obtained from Defendant’s pocket provided the basis for the State to charge him with one count of possession of methamphetamine with intent to distribute. As for why Defendant was unconscious, it appears that his condition resulted from diabetes. Testimony in the trial court indicated that while sitting in his car on the evening in question, he had eaten ice cream, which caused a disturbance in his blood-sugar level that rendered him temporarily unconscious. The State apparently does not dispute that Defendant is diabetic and that he carries in his wallet a card identifying himself as such.

{5} Defendant filed a motion to suppress the methamphetamine as the fruit of an illegal search and seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article II, § 10 of the New Mexico Constitution. The trial court denied his motion. Defendant entered a conditional guilty plea, reserving the right to appeal the trial court’s denial of the motion to suppress. This appeal followed.

DISCUSSION

Jurisdiction

{6} Preliminarily, we resolve a question about this Court’s jurisdiction to hear Defendant’s criminal appeal. The events underlying this case resulted in a civil forfeiture proceeding as well as a criminal prosecution. Pursuant to the constitutional requirements set out in State v. Nunez, the two actions were consolidated into a single, bifurcated proceeding. 2000-NMSC-013, ¶ 104, 129 N.M. 63, 2 P.3d 264. In March 2002, Defendant filed his notice of appeal from his criminal conviction. At that time, however, the trial court had not entered a final order in the civil forfeiture. In the absence of a final order, the trial court retained jurisdiction over the entirety of the bifurcated proceeding, and this Court lacked appellate jurisdiction over the purported appeal. See Curbello v. Vaughn, 76 N.M. 687, 687, 417 P.2d 881, 882 (1966) (holding that the trial court retains exclusive jurisdiction until entry of a proper judgment or order); see also Martinez v. Martinez, 101 N.M. 493, 495, 684 P.2d 1158, 1160 (Ct.App.1984) (recognizing that although the filing of a notice of appeal ordinarily divests the trial court of its jurisdiction, the trial court retains narrow, residuary power for the purpose of effecting an appeal).

{7} This state of affairs persisted through the calendaring and briefing phases of the appeal process, prompting the State to argue in its answer brief that we must dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction. Subsequent to briefing, however, the trial court entered an order releasing the seized property and declaring all proceedings in this matter concluded. Upon the entry of that order, this Court acquired jurisdiction based on the notice of appeal that was already filed. Southwest Research & Info. Ctr. v. State, 2003-NMCA-012, ¶¶ 20-21, 133 N.M. 179, 62 P.3d 270 (indicating that the premature filing of a notice of appeal does not divest this Court of jurisdiction that it obtains upon the final adjudication of the controversy below). We will not unnecessarily postpone this Court’s review by remanding solely for the purpose of requiring a new notice of appeal. See State v. Esparza, 2003-NMCA-075, ¶ 38, 133 N.M. 772, 70 P.3d 762. Instead, we construe the notice of appeal as timely filed subsequent to the final order.

Motion to Suppress

{8} Turning now to the trial court’s ruling on the motion to suppress, we review de novo whether the law was correctly applied to the facts, giving deference to the trial court’s factual findings. State v. Nemeth, 2001-NMCA-029, ¶ 20, 130 N.M. 261, 23 P.3d 936; State v. Leyba, 1997-NMCA-023, ¶ 8, 123 N.M. 159, 935 P.2d 1171.

{9} The State argues that the trial court properly denied Defendant’s motion because his encounter with law enforcement was a voluntary community caretaking encounter that involved no coercion or detention, also known as a welfare check. Therefore, the State contends, Fourth Amendment constraints on search and seizure never came into play. We disagree.

{10} To be sure, law enforcement officers are free to “approach an individual, ask questions, and request identification without the encounter becoming a seizure under the Fourth Amendment.” State v. Walters, 1997-NMCA-013, ¶ 18, 123 N.M. 88, 934 P.2d 282. Whether a police-citizen encounter becomes a seizure in the constitutional sense depends on the objective test of whether an innocent, reasonable person, .under the totality of the circumstances, would have felt free to refuse an officer’s requests. Id. ¶ 12. Although the trial court made no specific findings about whether Defendant was seized, see State v. Baldonado, 115 N.M. 106, 108, 847 P.2d 751

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Bluebook (online)
2004 NMCA 078, 93 P.3d 775, 135 N.M. 754, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-boblick-nmctapp-2004.