State v. Blum

85 P.3d 373, 121 Wash. App. 1
Court of Appeals of Washington·Decided February 3, 2004·No. No. 29392-7-II·Published·Cited by 9 cases

Opinion

Armstrong, J.

The State appeals the dismissal of a charge against Raymond George Blum, Jr., for unlawful possession of a firearm. The State contends the trial court erred in finding that the State could not prosecute Blum because he was not warned of his ineligibility to possess a firearm when he was convicted of a felony in the state of Colorado. We hold that the State was not required to prove that Blum knew he was not allowed to possess a firearm. Accordingly, we reverse.

FACTS

In 1990, the state of Colorado convicted and sentenced Blum to prison for the felony crimes of second degree burglary and attempted sexual assault of a child. Blum served his sentence, and the Colorado Department of Corrections discharged him on March 11, 1995.

The Colorado Department of Corrections apparently provided no written notice informing Blum that he could no longer possess firearms. The State has no information to show that Blum received written notice from Colorado or Washington that he could not possess firearms.

Blum later returned to Washington, and in December 2000, an armored car company hired him as a security guard. When making deliveries, Blum carried a Smith and Wesson revolver issued by his employer. A detective investigating Blum’s role in an unrelated theft discovered that Blum was an unregistered sex offender and that he had been working as an armed guard despite being ineligible to possess a firearm.

The State charged Blum with second degree unlawful possession of a firearm. Blum moved to dismiss the charge because of “lack of written notice.” Clerk’s Papers (CP) at 8. The trial court granted Blum’s motion to dismiss.

[4] ANALYSIS

I. Lack of Notice

In 1994, Washington enacted RCW 9.41.047, which requires courts to notify felons if they cannot possess firearms. The court must notify the person both orally and in writing at the time of their conviction to “immediately surrender any concealed pistol license and that the person may not possess a firearm unless his or her right to do so is restored by a court of record.” RCW 9.41.047(1).

The State did not give Blum notice under RCW 9.41.047 because he was not convicted in Washington. Moreover, knowledge that possession is a crime is not an element of the crime charged. State v. Krzeszowski, 106 Wn. App. 638, 642-43, 24 P.3d 485 (2001) (citing State v. May, 100 Wn. App. 478, 482, 997 P.2d 956, review denied, 142 Wn.2d 1004 (2000)); State v. Semakula, 88 Wn. App. 719, 724, 946 P.2d 795 (1997).

Blum argues that due process requires the State to give him notice of the statutory prohibition on possessing firearms, citing Lambert v. California, 355 U.S. 225, 78 S. Ct. 240, 2 L. Ed. 2d 228 (1957). In Lambert, the Los Angeles municipal code required all convicted felons who remained in the city for more than five days to register with the police. The defendant, a convicted felon, had lived in the city for more than seven years without registering. The Supreme Court reversed her conviction for violating the registration ordinance, holding that the statute violated due process because it did not require notice to the defendant. Key to the Court’s reasoning was the defendant’s “wholly passive” conduct. Lambert, 355 U.S. at 228. And in distinguishing other registration statutes, the Court said: “But the present ordinance is entirely different. Violation of its provisions is unaccompanied by any activity whatever, mere presence in the city being the test.” Lambert, 355 U.S. at 229. The Court concluded that the State could not convict under the ordinance without proving the defendant’s actual [5] or probable knowledge of the registration requirement. Lambert, 355 U.S. at 229-30.

Lambert does not help Blum. The conduct here is not the wholly passive conduct the court found in Lambert. Blum is not being charged with “mere presence” in a location. Rather the State has charged him with the activity of possessing a firearm. And we have held that the State is not required to prove notice of the law to convict. Krzeszowski, 106 Wn. App. 638; Semakula, 88 Wn. App. 719; State v. Reed, 84 Wn. App. 379, 928 P.2d 469 (1997).

Blum contends, however, that State v. Leavitt, 107 Wn. App. 361, 27 P.3d 622 (2001), supports the dismissal of his charges. In Leavitt, the conviction occurred in Washington in 1998 — four years after the enactment of RCW 9.41.047. Leavitt, 107 Wn. App. at 363. We held that the defendant’s conviction violated due process principles because the sentencing court and the probation department misled the defendant concerning his right to possess firearms after his one-year probation period. Leavitt, 107 Wn. App. at 372. Here, Blum does not argue that he was misled by any State agency about his right to possess a firearm; thus, his reliance on Leavitt is misplaced.

But Blum offers “alternate justifiable reasons” to dismiss the case, and he maintains that the appeal is now moot.

II. Other Grounds for Dismissal

Blum argues the trial court could have dismissed because of the State’s “failure to properly serve and file a Memorandum in Opposition to the Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss.” Resp’t’s Br. at 6. Although he does not deny being served, Blum suggests that the court does not know whether the State served him because there is no proof of service in the file. The original order on omnibus hearing from July 24, 2002, required the State to serve the response by August 1, 2002. Because it was apparently not filed until September 26, 2002, Blum argues that the papers were never served.

[6] Although the trial court undoubtedly had the authority to dismiss the charge if the State failed to timely respond to Blum’s motion, the court did not rule on this basis. And Blum cites no authority establishing that the court was obligated to dismiss for procedural flaws, assuming they occurred. Moreover, Blum does not claim that he was somehow prejudiced by any procedural errors. We reject this alternative ground for the dismissal.

III. Mootness

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

State v. Blum, 85 P.3d 373, 121 Wash. App. 1 (Wash. Ct. App. 2004).

85 P.3d 373 (State v. Blum) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

State Of Washington, V. Anastasis Mourelatos
Court of Appeals of Washington, 2021
State v. Breitung
155 Wash. App. 606 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2010)
State v. Stevens
137 Wash. App. 460 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2007)
State v. Minor
137 P.3d 872 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2006)
State v. Blum
85 P.3d 373 (Court of Appeals of Washington, 2004)