State v. Blancher

611 S.E.2d 445, 170 N.C. App. 171, 2005 N.C. App. LEXIS 909
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedMay 3, 2005
DocketNo. COA04-260.
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 611 S.E.2d 445 (State v. Blancher) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Blancher, 611 S.E.2d 445, 170 N.C. App. 171, 2005 N.C. App. LEXIS 909 (N.C. Ct. App. 2005).

Opinion

MARTIN, Chief Judge.

Defendant was indicted for common law robbery and for being an habitual felon. Prior to trial, an order was entered committing defendant to Dorothea Dix Hospital for examination with respect to his capacity to proceed. This evaluation was not completed prior to trial because Dix would not accept defendant for evaluation, and he was returned to the Lincoln County Jail.

At trial, the evidence tended to show that on 16 May 2001, while paramedics were assisting defendant at the scene of an automobile accident, they discovered a large amount of cash in small bills when they cut open his pant leg. An additional fifty dollar bill was found in a prescription pill bottle in defendant's automobile and transported to the hospital. Earlier in the day, a convenience store had been robbed and the cashier testified a fifty dollar bill, twenty-four five dollar bills, five twenty dollar bills and two packages of one dollar bills had been stolen. The cashier positively identified defendant as the robber in a photo line-up. Defendant offered evidence tending to show that he was at Chad Varner's house at the time of the robbery and that he was carrying a large amount of cash to pay a traffic fine the next day.

The jury returned a verdict of guilty of common law robbery. After the verdict was read, defendant accused his trial counsel of ineffective assistance of counsel. The court permitted counsel to withdraw and appointed new counsel for the habitual felon charge. Upon counsel's motion, another order for a forensic evaluation was entered on 27 March 2002, which appropriately requested that defendant be evaluated at Central Prison by Dix authorities. On 11 September 2002, prior to the commencement of trial on the habitual felon charge, a competency hearing was held and the court found the defendant was and had been capable of proceeding. The jury convicted defendant of being an habitual felon and defendant was sentenced to a minimum *447term of 125 months and a maximum term of 159 months. Defendant appeals.

On appeal defendant argues that the trial court erred by: 1) proceeding with the common law robbery trial when he had not been evaluated to determine if he was competent to proceed; and 2) failing to declare a mistrial when one of the deliberating jurors failed to disclose that she had a prior felony conviction.

A defendant is considered incapable of proceeding to trial if "he is unable to understand the nature and object of the proceedings against him, to comprehend his own situation in reference to the proceedings, or to assist in his defense in a rational or reasonable manner." State v. King, 353 N.C. 457, 465-66, 546 S.E.2d 575, 584 (2001), cert. denied, 534 U.S. 1147, 122 S.Ct. 1107, 151 L.Ed.2d 1002 (2002) (quoting N.C. Gen.Stat. § 15A-1001(a)). The question of a defendant's capacity may be raised at anytime on motion by the prosecutor, defense counsel, defendant, or the court, and, if raised, the trial court is required to hold a hearing to determine the defendant's capacity to proceed. N.C. Gen.Stat. § 15A-1002 (2003). This benefit, however, may be waived by a defendant. See State v. Young, 291 N.C. 562, 567, 231 S.E.2d 577, 580 (1977) (waiving defendant's statutory right to a hearing to determine capacity to proceed due to his failure to raise it).

The motion to have defendant evaluated for capacity to proceed was based on a history of closed head injuries, trouble focusing or retaining information, and defendant's statement that he heard voices and had suicidal thoughts. Despite the fact that the first ordered evaluation was not completed, defendant did not inform the court of the refused admission at Dorothea Dix, request an additional order, or raise the lack of evaluation prior to the start of the common law robbery trial, when the trial court inquired about unresolved pre-trial matters. Our review of the record reveals that no questions about defendant's mental capacity were raised during the trial.

Despite raising, pre-trial, the issue of competence, defendant failed to assert this statutory right before or during the trial. While the failure to assert the right to a competency hearing does not eliminate a trial court's statutory duty to hold a competency hearing where the court has before it substantial evidence of a defendant's mental incapacity, Young, 291 N.C. at 568, 231 S.E.2d at 581, other than the statement of defense counsel in the motion for an evaluation, there was no evidence before the trial court that defendant was not capable of assisting in his own defense.

Moreover, the court held a retrospective competency hearing before defendant's habitual felon trial. Defendant argues that this did not adequately protect his rights. We disagree. Although a retrospective competency hearing is disfavored, "the ultimate issue of defendant's competency to stand trial, the court's findings of fact on this issue, if supported by competent evidence, are then conclusive on appeal." State v. McRae, 163 N.C.App. 359, 368, 594 S.E.2d 71, 78, disc. review denied, 358 N.C. 548, 599 S.E.2d 911 (2004). In McRae, almost three years passed before the trial court conducted the retrospective competency hearing. 163 N.C.App. at 367, 594 S.E.2d at 77. In contrast, the competency evaluation here was completed four months after trial, and the competency hearing was conducted nine months after defendant's common law robbery conviction and prior to the habitual felony conviction and sentencing.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
611 S.E.2d 445, 170 N.C. App. 171, 2005 N.C. App. LEXIS 909, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-blancher-ncctapp-2005.