[Cite as State v. Blackmon, 2020-Ohio-2857.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. L-19-1036
Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201801759
v.
Thomas Blackmon DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: May 8, 2020
*****
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Lauren Carpenter, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Laurel A. Kendall, for appellant.
OSOWIK, J.
Introduction
{¶ 1} Thomas Blackmon, the defendant-appellant herein, assaulted a fellow
inmate and was indicted on a charge of felony assault. In a subsequent indictment, the
state added a charge for possessing a weapon while under detention. It then filed a motion to join the two cases. Blackmon did not object to joinder, and the trial court
never entered an order with respect to the issue.
{¶ 2} Following his plea, pursuant to North Carolina v. Alford, Blackmon was
convicted of assault, and the weapons charge was dismissed. On appeal, Blackmon
alleges that he was prejudiced by the trial court’s failure to rule on the state’s motion for
joinder or, alternatively, to dismiss the motion sua sponte. As set forth below, we affirm
Blackmon’s conviction and sentence.
Background
{¶ 3} On April 26, 2018, Blackmon was indicted on a single charge of felonious
assault, in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2) and (D), a second degree felony. (Lucas C.P.
No. CR0201801759). On June 14, 2018, Blackmon was indicted for possession of a
deadly weapon while under detention, in violation of R.C. 2923.131(B) and (C)(2)(b)(i).
(Lucas C.P. No. CR0201802081). The indictments relate to the same incident, which the
state alleges occurred on September 29, 2017, at the Toledo Correctional Institution,
where Blackmon was incarcerated.
{¶ 4} According to the state, Blackmon attacked another prisoner with a makeshift
knife. Surveillance video from the prison showed Blackmon “pop[ping] open his cell
door” that had been manipulated earlier in the day to prevent the door from locking.
Once out of his cell, Blackmon “chase[d] after” the victim and stabbed him with a piece
of plexiglass that had been sharpened into the shape of a knife. The victim sustained
three puncture wounds to his shoulder and lacerations to his scalp.
2. {¶ 5} At a pretrial hearing on August 13, 2018, the state proposed an agreement
whereby Blackmon would plead guilty to the felonious assault charge. In exchange, the
state would recommend a concurrent prison sentence and would not prosecute the
weapons charge (which would require the imposition of a consecutive sentence).
Blackmon rejected the offer. At that time, the state asserted that, in an effort to “clean up
the record” it would move to join the cases, pursuant to Crim.R. 8(A) which allows for
joinder “if the offenses charged * * * are based on the same act.” The state filed the
motion, under both case numbers, that same day. Blackmon raised no objection.
{¶ 6} At a pretrial conference on September 11, 2018, the state offered to
downgrade the assault charge, from a second to a fourth-degree felony, in addition to
recommending a concurrent sentence and dismissing the weapons charge. Blackmon
rejected the offer.
{¶ 7} On November 1, 2018, the state filed a second motion for joinder under each
case number. Based upon our review, the November motions are nearly identical in
substance to those filed in August. Again, Blackmon did not object to the cases being
consolidated.
{¶ 8} On February 12, 2019, as trial was about to begin, Blackmon agreed to plead
guilty, pursuant to North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S.Ct. 160, 27 L.Ed.2d 162
(1970). An Alford plea is a “type of guilty plea in which a defendant pleads guilty while
maintaining innocence.” State v. Gonzalez, 193 Ohio App.3d 385, 2011-Ohio-1542, 952
N.E.2d 1542, ¶ 59 (6th Dist.). Under the terms of the agreement, Blackmon agreed to
3. plead guilty to an amended charge of attempt to commit aggravated assault, in violation
of R.C. 2903.12(A)(1) and (B), a felony of the fifth degree, in case No. CR0201801759.
Pursuant to R.C. 2953.08(D)(1), the parties made a joint recommendation that Blackmon
be sentenced to serve 11 months in prison, to be served concurrently. The state also
agreed not to prosecute the weapons charge set forth in case No. CR0201802081.
Following a colloquy with Blackmon and recitation of the facts alleged by the state, the
court accepted Blackmon’s plea, found him guilty and convicted him. By judgment entry
dated February 13, 2019, the trial court sentenced Blackmon to serve 11 months in
prison, to be served concurrently to his other sentence(s) for which he was currently
incarcerated.
{¶ 9} Through appellate counsel, Blackmon appealed and raises two assignments
of error for our review.
I. The trial court committed plain error when it failed to rule on
Appellee’s motion for joinder of offenses, when Appellant was indicted
separately on two charges, when there were evidentiary issues concerning
the second charge, and when both of the original charges were ultimately
dismissed, such that the proposed joinder was arguably prejudicial.
II. In the alternative, the trial court erred by not dismissing the
Motion for Joinder when it was filed more than thirty-five days after either
arraignment, pursuant to Crim.R. 12(D), and thus was arguably not filed
timely.
4. {¶ 10} The parties agree that the trial court did not rule on the state’s motions for
joinder. Blackmon complains that “[t]he two cases simply proceeded along a parallel
track, without a hearing or a ruling, arguably presenting the appearance of joinder, which
was arguably prejudicial to appellant.” In his first assignment of error, Blackmon claims
that, without a ruling, he “did not know whether he would stand for [one or] two trials,”
which “negatively affected” his due process rights. In his second assignment of error,
Blackmon claims that the trial court erred by failing to dismiss the state’s motions, sua
sponte. We address Blackmon’s assignments of error together.
{¶ 11} A guilty plea constitutes a complete admission of guilt. Crim.R. 11(B).
“[A] defendant who * * * voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently enters a guilty plea
with the assistance of counsel may not thereafter raise independent claims relating to the
deprivation of constitutional rights that occurred prior to the entry of the guilty plea.”
(Quotation omitted.) State v. Ketterer, 111 Ohio St.3d 70, 2006-Ohio-5283, 855 N.E.2d
48, ¶ 117. A plea of guilty “effectively waives all appealable errors” at trial unrelated to
the entry of the plea. Id., citing State v. Kelley, 57 Ohio St.3d 127, 566 N.E.2d 658
(1990), paragraph two of the syllabus. The Ohio Supreme Court has applied this
principle to preclude challenges to rulings on various pretrial motions. State v.
Fitzpatrick, 102 Ohio St.3d 321, 2004-Ohio-3167, 810 N.E.2d 927, ¶ 79. And, it applies
in equal measure to Alford pleas. See State v. Drzayich, 6th Dist. Lucas L-15-1113,
2016-Ohio-1398, ¶ 12-13 (An Alford plea is “procedurally indistinguishable from a guilty
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[Cite as State v. Blackmon, 2020-Ohio-2857.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. L-19-1036
Appellee Trial Court No. CR0201801759
v.
Thomas Blackmon DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: May 8, 2020
*****
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Lauren Carpenter, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Laurel A. Kendall, for appellant.
OSOWIK, J.
Introduction
{¶ 1} Thomas Blackmon, the defendant-appellant herein, assaulted a fellow
inmate and was indicted on a charge of felony assault. In a subsequent indictment, the
state added a charge for possessing a weapon while under detention. It then filed a motion to join the two cases. Blackmon did not object to joinder, and the trial court
never entered an order with respect to the issue.
{¶ 2} Following his plea, pursuant to North Carolina v. Alford, Blackmon was
convicted of assault, and the weapons charge was dismissed. On appeal, Blackmon
alleges that he was prejudiced by the trial court’s failure to rule on the state’s motion for
joinder or, alternatively, to dismiss the motion sua sponte. As set forth below, we affirm
Blackmon’s conviction and sentence.
Background
{¶ 3} On April 26, 2018, Blackmon was indicted on a single charge of felonious
assault, in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(2) and (D), a second degree felony. (Lucas C.P.
No. CR0201801759). On June 14, 2018, Blackmon was indicted for possession of a
deadly weapon while under detention, in violation of R.C. 2923.131(B) and (C)(2)(b)(i).
(Lucas C.P. No. CR0201802081). The indictments relate to the same incident, which the
state alleges occurred on September 29, 2017, at the Toledo Correctional Institution,
where Blackmon was incarcerated.
{¶ 4} According to the state, Blackmon attacked another prisoner with a makeshift
knife. Surveillance video from the prison showed Blackmon “pop[ping] open his cell
door” that had been manipulated earlier in the day to prevent the door from locking.
Once out of his cell, Blackmon “chase[d] after” the victim and stabbed him with a piece
of plexiglass that had been sharpened into the shape of a knife. The victim sustained
three puncture wounds to his shoulder and lacerations to his scalp.
2. {¶ 5} At a pretrial hearing on August 13, 2018, the state proposed an agreement
whereby Blackmon would plead guilty to the felonious assault charge. In exchange, the
state would recommend a concurrent prison sentence and would not prosecute the
weapons charge (which would require the imposition of a consecutive sentence).
Blackmon rejected the offer. At that time, the state asserted that, in an effort to “clean up
the record” it would move to join the cases, pursuant to Crim.R. 8(A) which allows for
joinder “if the offenses charged * * * are based on the same act.” The state filed the
motion, under both case numbers, that same day. Blackmon raised no objection.
{¶ 6} At a pretrial conference on September 11, 2018, the state offered to
downgrade the assault charge, from a second to a fourth-degree felony, in addition to
recommending a concurrent sentence and dismissing the weapons charge. Blackmon
rejected the offer.
{¶ 7} On November 1, 2018, the state filed a second motion for joinder under each
case number. Based upon our review, the November motions are nearly identical in
substance to those filed in August. Again, Blackmon did not object to the cases being
consolidated.
{¶ 8} On February 12, 2019, as trial was about to begin, Blackmon agreed to plead
guilty, pursuant to North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S.Ct. 160, 27 L.Ed.2d 162
(1970). An Alford plea is a “type of guilty plea in which a defendant pleads guilty while
maintaining innocence.” State v. Gonzalez, 193 Ohio App.3d 385, 2011-Ohio-1542, 952
N.E.2d 1542, ¶ 59 (6th Dist.). Under the terms of the agreement, Blackmon agreed to
3. plead guilty to an amended charge of attempt to commit aggravated assault, in violation
of R.C. 2903.12(A)(1) and (B), a felony of the fifth degree, in case No. CR0201801759.
Pursuant to R.C. 2953.08(D)(1), the parties made a joint recommendation that Blackmon
be sentenced to serve 11 months in prison, to be served concurrently. The state also
agreed not to prosecute the weapons charge set forth in case No. CR0201802081.
Following a colloquy with Blackmon and recitation of the facts alleged by the state, the
court accepted Blackmon’s plea, found him guilty and convicted him. By judgment entry
dated February 13, 2019, the trial court sentenced Blackmon to serve 11 months in
prison, to be served concurrently to his other sentence(s) for which he was currently
incarcerated.
{¶ 9} Through appellate counsel, Blackmon appealed and raises two assignments
of error for our review.
I. The trial court committed plain error when it failed to rule on
Appellee’s motion for joinder of offenses, when Appellant was indicted
separately on two charges, when there were evidentiary issues concerning
the second charge, and when both of the original charges were ultimately
dismissed, such that the proposed joinder was arguably prejudicial.
II. In the alternative, the trial court erred by not dismissing the
Motion for Joinder when it was filed more than thirty-five days after either
arraignment, pursuant to Crim.R. 12(D), and thus was arguably not filed
timely.
4. {¶ 10} The parties agree that the trial court did not rule on the state’s motions for
joinder. Blackmon complains that “[t]he two cases simply proceeded along a parallel
track, without a hearing or a ruling, arguably presenting the appearance of joinder, which
was arguably prejudicial to appellant.” In his first assignment of error, Blackmon claims
that, without a ruling, he “did not know whether he would stand for [one or] two trials,”
which “negatively affected” his due process rights. In his second assignment of error,
Blackmon claims that the trial court erred by failing to dismiss the state’s motions, sua
sponte. We address Blackmon’s assignments of error together.
{¶ 11} A guilty plea constitutes a complete admission of guilt. Crim.R. 11(B).
“[A] defendant who * * * voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently enters a guilty plea
with the assistance of counsel may not thereafter raise independent claims relating to the
deprivation of constitutional rights that occurred prior to the entry of the guilty plea.”
(Quotation omitted.) State v. Ketterer, 111 Ohio St.3d 70, 2006-Ohio-5283, 855 N.E.2d
48, ¶ 117. A plea of guilty “effectively waives all appealable errors” at trial unrelated to
the entry of the plea. Id., citing State v. Kelley, 57 Ohio St.3d 127, 566 N.E.2d 658
(1990), paragraph two of the syllabus. The Ohio Supreme Court has applied this
principle to preclude challenges to rulings on various pretrial motions. State v.
Fitzpatrick, 102 Ohio St.3d 321, 2004-Ohio-3167, 810 N.E.2d 927, ¶ 79. And, it applies
in equal measure to Alford pleas. See State v. Drzayich, 6th Dist. Lucas L-15-1113,
2016-Ohio-1398, ¶ 12-13 (An Alford plea is “procedurally indistinguishable from a guilty
plea in that it severely limits the errors which may be claimed on appeal.”).
5. {¶ 12} Blackmon does not challenge the voluntariness of his plea. We have
reviewed the transcript from the February 12, 2019 plea hearing. It establishes that the
trial court fully complied with Crim.R. 11(C) by ensuring that Blackmon was clearheaded
and had not been forced into entering the plea, that he understood the effect of his guilty
plea and the nature of the charge and the maximum penalties. The court informed
Blackmon that by entering the plea he was giving up his constitutional right to a jury trial
and the requirement that the charges against him be proven beyond a reasonable doubt,
the right to call and confront witnesses, and the right against self-incrimination.
Consistent with an Alford plea, the court also heard a factual basis surrounding the
charges, from which it could determine that Blackmon’s decision to plead guilty was
reasonable, notwithstanding his protestation of innocence. Therefore, Blackmon’s plea
will not be considered to have been entered involuntarily, unintelligently, or
unknowingly. Moreover, by pleading guilty, he waived his claim that the trial court
committed plain error when it failed to rule upon or to dismiss the state’s motion for
joinder.
{¶ 13} Furthermore, even if Blackmon’s claims were reviewable, there is no
evidence to support his argument that plain error occurred in this case. Crim.R. 52(B)
affords reviewing courts discretion to correct “[p]lain errors or defects affecting
substantial rights,” notwithstanding the accused’s failure to raise those errors to the
attention of the trial court. State v. Rogers, 143 Ohio St.3d 385, 2015-Ohio-2459, 38
N.E.3d 860, ¶ 22. A reviewing court should notice plain error “with the utmost caution,
6. under exceptional circumstances and only to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice.”
State v. Long, 53 Ohio St.2d 91, 372 N.E.2d 804 (1978), paragraph three of the syllabus.
To establish plain error, Blackmon would have needed to show that the trial court’s error
affected the outcome of his case. State v. Gardner, 118 Ohio St.3d 420, 2008-Ohio-2787,
889 N.E.2d 995, ¶ 78. But, Blackmon has not argued, much less shown, that the result of
his case would have been different if the trial court had ruled on the state’s motion for
joinder. As the state argues, Blackmon received an “excellent deal,” in that the state
downgraded the assault charge from a second to a fifth-degree felony, for which he
received no additional prison time, and it dismissed the weapons charge entirely. In
addition, based upon our review of the 14 transcripts in this case, while Blackmon clearly
expressed a number of concerns—including his need for a private investigator,
subpoenaing witnesses, and the need to replace his court appointed counsel (which he
was allowed to do twice)—he never expressed a concern about “procedural uncertainty”
as a result of not knowing “whether he would stand for [one trial or] two.”
{¶ 14} Blackmon also failed to show plain error over the trial court’s failure to
dismiss the state’s motions. Blackmon claims that the motions were untimely under
Crim.R. 12(D), which requires that most motions “be made within thirty-five days after
arraignment or seven days before trial, whichever is earlier.” First, the rule explicitly
allows a trial court to extend that time “in the interest of justice.” Second, we fail to see
how Blackmon was prejudiced by the motions, when he had over three months between
their November 1, 2018 filing and his February 13, 2019 trial date. See, e.g., State v.
7. Bennett, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 12CA010286, 2014-Ohio-160, ¶ 18-19 (No abuse of
discretion in granting untimely-filed motion to consolidate where the defendant “still had
almost four months after the cases were consolidated to prepare for trial.”). We reject
Blackmon’s claims of “arguabl[e] prejudice” in this case.
Conclusion
{¶ 15} Blackmon’s entry of a plea precludes his claims that the trial court
committed plain error in failing to rule upon, and to dismiss, the state’s motions for
joinder. Accordingly, Blackmon’s assignments of error are not well-taken, and the
February 13, 2019 judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Blackmon is ordered to pay the costs of the appeal pursuant to App.R. 24
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ Thomas J. Osowik, J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
8.