[Cite as State v. Birinyi, 2011-Ohio-6257.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION Nos. 95680 and 95681
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
BRUCE BIRINYI DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case Nos. CR-531800 and 510803 2
BEFORE: Celebrezze, J., Boyle, P.J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: December 8, 2011 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Steve W. Canfil 2000 Standard Building 1370 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor BY: Nick Giegerich Assistant Prosecuting Attorney The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ALSO LISTED
Bruce James Birinyi Inmate No. 591-192 Marion Correctional Institution 940 Williamsport Road Marion, Ohio 43301
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J.:
{¶ 1} Appellant, Bruce Birinyi, appeals his convictions for assault of a
peace officer, obstructing official business, resisting arrest, and criminal
nonsupport. After a thorough review of the record and relevant case law, we
affirm in part, and reverse and remand in part. 3
{¶ 2} On May 21, 2008, appellant was charged in Case No. CR-510803
with six counts of criminal nonsupport of dependants, in violation of R.C.
2919.21(B).
{¶ 3} During a pretrial hearing, appellant expressed his desire to
represent himself during trial. At the conclusion of the hearing, appellant
signed a voluntary waiver of his right to counsel, dated September 8, 2008.
{¶ 4} Prior to trial, the trial court granted the state’s motion to dismiss
Counts 1, 2, 3, and 4, which covered time periods from February 2002 through
March 2006. Additionally, the trial court granted the state’s motion to
amend the dates contained in Counts 5 and 6. The dates were amended from
April 2006 through April 2008 to April 2005 through April 2007.
{¶ 5} On March 2, 2009, the case was called to trial, but was continued
by the trial court on March 3, 2009 for a psychiatric evaluation of appellant
pursuant to R.C. 2945.371. On March 5, 2009, the trial court found
appellant incompetent to represent himself and declared a mistrial.
{¶ 6} Following the mistrial, appellant’s case was reassigned to a new
trial judge for retrial. On August 31, 2009, appellant was referred to the
psychiatric clinic for a second competency evaluation. On October 13, 2009,
the trial court reviewed the report of the psychiatric clinic and concluded that
appellant was competent to stand trial. The trial court permitted appellant
to proceed pro se with the assistance of attorney Charles Morgan. 4
{¶ 7} On November 30, 2009, appellant’s case was transferred to a
third trial judge upon agreement of the parties. The trial court accepted the
findings from the second psychiatric evaluation and found appellant
competent to stand trial and assist in his defense. During a pretrial hearing,
appellant was found in contempt of court when he refused to follow the order
of the trial judge and injured a deputy as the deputy attempted to remove
appellant from the courtroom. Attorney Morgan’s request to withdraw was
granted, and the third judge recused himself from the case; both were
witnesses to the confrontation that ensued between appellant and the deputy.
{¶ 8} On December 4, 2009, as a result of the courtroom incident,
appellant was indicted in Case No. CR-531800 on charges of felonious assault
of a police officer, in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A); two counts of assault of a
peace officer, in violation of R.C. 2903.13(A); obstructing official business, in
violation of R.C. 2921.31(A); and resisting arrest, in violation of R.C.
2921.33(B).
{¶ 9} Appellant’s two pending cases, CR-510803 and CR-531800, were
reassigned to a fourth trial judge, who accepted the previous findings of the
psychiatric clinic that found appellant competent. Based on the psychiatric
evaluation, the trial court permitted appellant to proceed pro se without the
assistance of counsel. On May 11, 2010, the trial court granted the state’s
motion to consolidate appellant’s pending cases. 5
{¶ 10} Appellant’s consolidated jury trial commenced on July 6, 2010.
On July 9, 2010, the jury found appellant guilty of two counts of assault on a
peace officer, obstructing official business, resisting arrest, and two counts of
criminal nonsupport. Appellant was acquitted on the charge of felonious
assault of a police officer. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court imposed
a four and one-half-year term of imprisonment.
{¶ 11} Appellant appeals, raising five assignments of error.1
Law and Analysis
Waiver of Counsel
{¶ 12} In his first assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial
court erred by accepting his request to proceed pro se without first engaging
in a colloquy to ensure that his decision to waive his constitutional right to
counsel was made knowingly, voluntary, and intelligently.
{¶ 13} Although a defendant may eloquently express a desire to
represent himself, a trial court must still satisfy certain parameters to ensure
that the defendant’s waiver of the constitutional right to counsel is made
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily. See State v. Thompson, Cuyahoga
App. No. 85483, 2005-Ohio-6126. In State v. Buchanan, Cuyahoga App. No.
80098, 2003-Ohio- 6851, this court reiterated the well-established parameters
1 Appellant’s assignments of error are contained in the appendix to this opinion. 6
and the significance of a defendant’s decision to waive his constitutional right
to counsel and represent himself as follows:
{¶ 14} “‘The Sixth Amendment, as made applicable to the states by the
Fourteenth Amendment, guarantees that a defendant in a state criminal trial
has an independent constitutional right of self-representation and that he
may proceed to defend himself without counsel when he voluntarily, and
knowingly and intelligently elects to do so.’ State v. Gibson (1976), 45 Ohio
St.2d 366, 345 N.E.2d 399, paragraph one of the syllabus, citing Faretta v.
California (1975), 422 U.S. 806, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562. However,
‘courts are to indulge in every reasonable presumption against the waiver of a
fundamental constitutional right, including the right to be represented by
counsel.’ State v. Dyer (1996), 117 Ohio App.3d 92, 95, 689 N.E.2d 1034. As
a result, ‘a valid waiver affirmatively must appear in the record, and the
State bears the burden of overcoming the presumption against a valid
waiver.’ State v. Martin, Cuyahoga App. No. 80198, 2003-Ohio-1499. ‘In
order to establish an effective waiver of right to counsel, the trial court must
make sufficient inquiry to determine whether a defendant fully understands
and intelligently relinquishes that right.’ Gibson, paragraph two of the
syllabus.
{¶ 15} “Although there is no prescribed colloquy in which the trial court
and a pro se defendant must engage before a defendant may waive his right 7
to counsel, the court must ensure that the defendant is voluntarily electing to
proceed pro se and that the defendant is knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily waiving the right to counsel. Martin, citing State v. Jackson
(2001), 145 Ohio App.3d 223, 227, 762 N.E.2d 438. Given the presumption
against waiving a constitutional right, the trial court must ensure the
defendant is aware of ‘the dangers and disadvantages of self-representation’
and that he is making the decision with his ‘eyes open.’ Faretta at 835.
{¶ 16} “In determining the sufficiency of the trial court’s inquiry in the
context of the defendant’s waiver of counsel, the Gibson court applied the test
set forth in Von Moltke v. Gillies (1948), 332 U.S. 708, 723, 68 S.Ct. 316, 92
L.Ed. 309, as follows:
{¶ 17} “‘* * * To be valid such waiver must be made with an
apprehension of the charges, the statutory offenses included within them, the
range of allowable punishments thereunder, possible defenses to the charges
and circumstances in mitigation thereof, and all other facts essential to a
broad understanding of the matter.’” Buchanan at ¶15-18.
{¶ 18} See, also, State v. Perry, Cuyahoga App. No. 81825,
2003-Ohio-1175; Martin, supra; State v. Buckwald, Cuyahoga App. No. 80336,
2002-Ohio-2721; State v. Richards (Sept. 20, 2001), Cuyahoga App. No. 78457;
State v. Jackson, supra; State v. Melton (May 4, 2000), Cuyahoga App. No. 8
75792. Lack of compliance with these standards is reversible error and not
subject to harmless error review. Id.
{¶ 19} Additionally, Crim.R. 44(C) requires the trial court to obtain a
signed, written waiver by the defendant in “serious offense cases.” A
“serious offense” is defined as any felony and any misdemeanor for which the
penalty prescribed by law includes confinement for more than six months.
Crim.R. 2(D). 2 The absence of a signed waiver in a serious offense case
constitutes reversible error. Martin, supra. See, also, State v. Suber,
Franklin App. No. 02AP-1419, 2003-Ohio-5210 (departing from its previous
position of applying a prejudicial error standard for trial court’s failure to
strictly comply with Crim.R. 44(C) and adopting the standard of reversible
error shared by the majority of Ohio appellate courts).
{¶ 20} Upon review of the record, it is evident that on September 8,
2008, prior to appellant’s first trial, the trial court complied with the
standard set forth in Von Moltke.
{¶ 21} During the September 8, 2008 hearing, appellant asserted his
right to self-representation. Thereafter, the trial court engaged in a lengthy
2Appellant was charged with criminal nonsupport in violation of R.C. 2919.21(B). Furthermore, appellant failed to provide support for a total accumulated period of 26 weeks out of 104 consecutive weeks. Pursuant to R.C. 2919.21(G)(1), “if the offender has failed to provide support under division (A)(2) or (B) of this section for a total accumulated period of twenty-six weeks out of one hundred four consecutive weeks, whether or not the twenty-six weeks were consecutive, then a violation of division (A)(2) or (B) of this section is a felony of the fifth degree.” 9
discussion with appellant regarding his constitutional right to waive counsel.
The trial court advised appellant of his charges, the maximum possible
sentence, his affirmative defenses, and the dangers associated with
self-representation. Additionally, the trial court explained certain trial
procedures and advised appellant that he would be bound to the same rules of
procedure and evidence as an attorney. Finally, the trial court attempted to
have appellant waive his right to counsel in writing, as required by Crim.R.
44(C). Although appellant initially declined to sign the waiver, the record
contains a signed waiver of counsel dated September 8, 2008. Within the
document, appellant indicated that his decision to proceed pro se was made
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily, and that he understood his rights,
the nature of the charges brought against him, the maximum possible
sentences, and the perils of proceeding pro se.
{¶ 22} In light of the trial court’s statements on the record and the
written waiver signed by appellant, it is clear that the trial court took
precautions to ensure that appellant understood the nature of his decision to
proceed pro se and that his decision to waive his right to counsel was
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily made.
{¶ 23} However, at the conclusion of the state’s case-in-chief, the trial
court ordered a psychiatric examination of appellant on March 3, 2009. On
March 5, 2009, the trial court reviewed the appellant’s psychiatric clinic 10
report. Based on the report and the recommendations of the psychiatric
clinic, the trial court found “that while [appellant] is, in fact, competent to
stand trial and that he does understand the nature and objectives of the
proceedings, as well as the potential penalties involved and any defenses, that
he is incompetent to represent himself.” Thereafter, the trial court assigned
attorney Charles Morgan to represent appellant and declared a mistrial.
{¶ 24} On March 13, 2009, appellant’s matter was reassigned to a new
trial court for retrial. Thus, the question, then, is whether the “first” waiver
of counsel remains valid for the “second” trial. This issue was addressed in
City of Washington C.H. v. Steward (July 20, 1987), Fayette App. No.
CA86-08-008. In Steward, the Twelfth District stated:
{¶ 25} “We feel that under the facts and circumstances of the case sub
judice, it was unnecessary for the court to obtain a second waiver of counsel.
First, a relatively short period of time passed between the appellant’s waiver
and the first and second trials. Second, the new trial added no new
circumstances. There was no change in the nature of the charges against
appellant, the statutory offenses included with them, the range of allowable
punishments, or possible defenses to the charges and circumstances in
mitigation thereof. See United States v. Weninger (C.A.10, 1980), 624 F.2d
163, 164, certiorari denied (1980), 449 U.S. 1012, 101 S.Ct. 568, citing Von
Moltke v. Gillies (1948), 332 U.S. 708, 723-24, 68 S.Ct. 316, 323. Further, 11
appellant had fairly extensive past experience with the state criminal justice
system and should have been aware, from the ‘first’ trial, of the hazards of
proceeding pro se. Therefore, based on the total circumstances of this case,
including [the] background, experience and the conduct of the accused person,
we must conclude that there has been no violation of appellant’s right to
counsel.” Id.
{¶ 26} Unlike the circumstances presented in Steward, appellant’s
second trial involved new circumstances, including additional charges
brought against him, a heightened range of allowable punishments, and
various possible defenses. Prior to appellant’s second trial, he was found in
contempt of court and indicted in Case No. CR-531800 on new counts of
felonious assault, assault, obstructing official business, and resisting arrest.
Subsequently, appellant’s criminal nonsupport case (CR-510803) and his
assault case (CR-531800) were consolidated, and the matter was set for trial
on July 6, 2010.
{¶ 27} However, prior to the commencement of appellant’s second trial,
the trial court failed to conduct any inquiry as to whether appellant was
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waiving his right to counsel. The
trial court failed to address appellant’s new charges altogether and accepted
his waiver of counsel without addressing the additional penalties and perils
he was facing in the consolidated trial. Rather, the trial court merely 12
concluded that appellant was “more than competent to defend himself” based
on the second psychiatric evaluation that found appellant competent to stand
trial and assist in his defense.
{¶ 28} In light of the seriousness of the additional charges appellant was
facing in his retrial, we believe that the trial court was required to conduct an
inquiry pursuant to Von Moltke and establish, as it did during appellant’s
initial trial, that he was knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waiving his
constitutional right to counsel. Additionally, the trial court was required to
obtain a written waiver of counsel pursuant to Crim.R. 44(C) based on the
nature of appellant’s charges in CR-531800. Unlike the scenario presented
in Steward, the trial court’s determination that appellant was knowingly,
intelligently, and voluntarily waiving counsel in his first trial cannot be
imputed to appellant’s second trial where the second trial involved additional
charges that were not contemplated during appellant’s initial waiver.
{¶ 29} Based on the foregoing, appellant’s first assignment of error is
sustained. We find that appellant must be granted a new trial because his
waiver of counsel at his second trial was not knowing, voluntary, and
intelligent, and because the trial court failed to comply with the requirements
of Crim.R. 44(C) at the second trial.
{¶ 30} Although our disposition of appellant’s first assignment of error
renders moot some of the remaining assignments of error, “to the extent that 13
they raise arguments regarding the sufficiency of the evidence they must be
addressed, since a reversal on sufficiency grounds would bar retrial on the
counts affected.” Tibbs v. Florida (1982), 457 U.S. 31, 102 S.Ct. 2211, 72
L.Ed.2d 652. Therefore, we will address appellant’s fourth assignment of
error.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
{¶ 31} In his fourth assignment of error, appellant argues that his
convictions for assault of a peace officer and obstruction of official business
were not supported by sufficient evidence. Appellant does not challenge his
remaining convictions on sufficiency grounds, therefore they will not be
addressed.
{¶ 32} A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting a
conviction requires a court to determine whether the state has met its burden
of production at trial. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 390,
1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541. On review for sufficiency, courts are to assess
not whether the state’s evidence is to be believed, but whether, if believed, the
evidence against a defendant would support a conviction. Id. The relevant
inquiry is whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements
of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Jenks (1991), 61
Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492, paragraph two of the syllabus. 14
{¶ 33} Initially, appellant contends that the state failed to present
sufficient evidence to support his conviction for assault on a peace officer.
R.C. 2903.13 provides: “(A) No person shall knowingly cause or attempt to
cause physical harm to another * * *.” Furthermore, “(C)(3) [i]f the victim of
the offense is a peace officer * * *, while in the performance of their official
duties, assault is a felony of the fourth degree.”
{¶ 34} At trial, Judge Michael Corrigan testified, “I directed [Deputy
Slattery] to bring [appellant] up to the trial table, [appellant] refused.
[Appellant] got into a fight with him.” Deputy James Slattery testified that
he was on duty at the courthouse on November 30, 2009. Deputy Slattery
indicated that he observed appellant refusing to obey the orders of the trial
court. At that point, appellant was placed in contempt, and Deputy Slattery
was instructed to remove appellant from the courtroom. Deputy Slattery
testified, “He refused, three, four times, and he had a briefcase sitting there.
I grabbed the briefcase and he grabbed my arm * * *. I let go of the
briefcase, I yanked him out of his seat and cuffed one arm, tried to cuff his
other arm, and he kept spinning on me. We spun once, the second spin I
tripped him to the ground and he fell flat down with his elbow up and his arm
under him, and I landed on his elbow and I felt something pop in my rib
cage.” 15
{¶ 35} Appellant contends that the state failed to present evidence that
he knowingly caused or attempted to cause physical harm to the deputy. “A
person acts knowingly, regardless of his purpose, when he is aware that his
conduct will probably cause a certain result or will probably be of a certain
nature.” R.C. 2901.22(B). Whether a defendant acted “knowingly” must be
inferred from the totality of the circumstances surrounding the alleged
offense. See State v. Booth (1999), 133 Ohio App.3d 555, 562, 729 N.E.2d
406. “Cause” is defined as “an act or failure to act which in a natural and
continuous sequence directly produces [physical harm to another], and
without which it would not have occurred.” 4 Ohio Jury Instructions (2006)
64-65, Section 409.55.
{¶ 36} In this case, it is evident that appellant refused to comply with
the instructions of the trial court and struggled with the deputy as the deputy
attempted to place handcuffs on him. Under the totality of the
circumstances, we find that there was ample evidence for the jury to conclude
that appellant was aware that his conduct would probably cause physical
harm to Deputy Slattery, which, in fact, it did. Given the foregoing, we
conclude that there was sufficient evidence presented to support appellant’s
conviction for assault under R.C. 2903.13(A).
{¶ 37} Additionally, appellant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence
supporting his conviction for obstructing official business. Pursuant to R.C. 16
2921.31(A): “No person, without privilege to do so and with purpose to
prevent, obstruct, or delay the performance by a public official of any
authorized act within the public official’s official capacity, shall do any act
that hampers or impedes a public official in the performance of the public
official’s lawful duties.”
{¶ 38} “A person acts purposely when it is his specific intention to cause
a certain result, or, when the gist of the offense is a prohibition against
conduct of a certain nature, regardless of what the offender intends to
accomplish thereby, it is his specific intention to engage in conduct of that
nature.” R.C. 2901.22(A).
{¶ 39} “The proper focus in a prosecution for obstructing official business
is on the defendant’s conduct, verbal or physical, and its effect on the public
official’s ability to perform the official’s lawful duties.” State v. Wellman, 173
Ohio App.3d 494, 2007-Ohio-2953, 879 N.E.2d 215, at ¶12.
{¶ 40} In light of the testimony presented at trial, we conclude that a
reasonable jury could conclude that appellant’s physical resistance to Deputy
Slattery while he was attempting to remove appellant from the courtroom
constituted a purposeful act to impair or hinder Deputy Slattery’s ability to
perform his lawful duties. 17
{¶ 41} Accordingly, appellant’s convictions for assault on a peace officer
and obstructing official business were supported by sufficient evidence.
Appellant’s fourth assignment of error is overruled.
Joinder
{¶ 42} Finally, we address appellant’s second assignment of error
because it may be subject to repetition at appellant’s new trial. In his second
assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court committed
prejudicial error when it joined the two unrelated cases for trial over his
objection. Appellant contends that the evidence of unrelated crimes,
including the allegations of assault and obstruction, unfairly prejudiced his
defense against allegations of criminal nonsupport.
{¶ 43} We initially note that because appellant failed to renew his
objection to the joinder of the indictments at the close of the state’s evidence
or at the conclusion of all the evidence, he has waived this issue on appeal
except for plain error. State v. Owens (1975), 51 Ohio App.2d 132, 146, 366
N.E.2d 1367; see, also, State v. Saade, Cuyahoga App. Nos. 80705 and 80706,
2002-Ohio-5564; State v. Hill, Cuyahoga App. No. 80582, 2002-Ohio-4585;
State v. Fortson (Aug. 2, 2001), Cuyahoga App. No. 78240. Under Crim.R.
52(B), notice of plain error is to be taken with the utmost caution, under
exceptional circumstances, and only to prevent a manifest miscarriage of
justice. State v. Long (1978), 53 Ohio St.2d 91, 372 N.E.2d 804, paragraph 18
three of the syllabus. In order to find plain error under Crim.R. 52(B), it
must be determined that, but for the error, the outcome of the trial clearly
would have been otherwise. Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 44} Crim.R. 8(A) provides in pertinent part: “Joinder of offenses.
Two or more offenses may be charged in the same indictment, information or
complaint in a separate count for each offense if the offenses charged * * * are
of the same or similar character, or are based on the same act or transaction,
or are based on two or more acts or transactions connected together or
constituting parts of a common scheme or plan, or are part of a course of
criminal conduct.”
{¶ 45} Crim.R. 13 provides in pertinent part: “The court may order two
or more indictments or informations or both to be tried together, if the
offenses or the defendants could have been joined in a single indictment or
information.”
{¶ 46} Thus, pursuant to Crim.R. 8(A) and 13, two or more offenses can
be tried together if the offenses are of the same character, based on connected
transactions, or are part of a course of conduct.
{¶ 47} Generally, the law favors joining multiple offenses in a single
trial under Crim.R. 8(A) if the offenses charged are of the same or similar
character. State v. Sanchez, Cuyahoga App. Nos. 93569 and 93570,
2010-Ohio-6153, ¶27, citing State v. Lott (1990), 51 Ohio St.3d 160, 163, 555 19
N.E.2d 293. However, if joinder would prejudice a defendant, the trial court
is required to order separate trials. Crim.R. 14. It is the defendant who
bears the burden of demonstrating prejudice and that the trial court abused
its discretion in denying severance. Hill at ¶7, citing State v. Coley, 93 Ohio
St.3d 253, 2001-Ohio-1340, 754 N.E.2d 1129. A defendant’s claim of
prejudice is negated when: (1) evidence of the other crimes would have been
admissible as “other acts” evidence under Evid.R. 404(B); or (2) the evidence
of each crime joined at trial is simple and direct. Lott at 163; see, also, State
v. Schaim, 65 Ohio St.3d 51, 59, 1992-Ohio-31, 600 N.E.2d 661; State v.
Franklin (1991), 62 Ohio St.3d 118, 122, 580 N.E.2d 1.
{¶ 48} In the instant case, the two cases are separate and distinct. The
allegations are not based on connected transactions, nor do they form a course
of conduct. Further, evidence of appellant’s criminal nonsupport allegations
would not have been admissible to prove the counts of assault and obstruction
involving Deputy Slattery. Hence, there was undoubtedly some prejudice
caused by the joinder of the two cases.
{¶ 49} However, the joinder of the two cases did not affect their outcome.
As discussed in the sufficiency analysis, there was direct evidence in support
of appellant’s convictions for assault on a peace officer and obstructing official
business. Because evidence of appellant’s guilt was so overwhelming, it 20
cannot be said that the joinder of the two cases caused him to be convicted in
CR-531800.
{¶ 50} Furthermore, there was substantial evidence of appellant’s guilt
in CR-510803. The record reflects that appellant was under a court order to
make child support payments and consistently failed to make those
payments. Paulina Raspovic, a support enforcement officer at the Child
Support Enforcement Agency, testified that appellant only made one payment
during the entire two-year time period from April 2005 to April 2007 and that
he had accrued an arrearage of $38,723.82 as of June 30, 2010. The
testimony adduced at trial demonstrated that appellant was “an extremely
talented woodworker” and had the capability of obtaining work and simply
failed to do so. Accordingly, appellant failed to establish that he was
providing support within his ability and means.
{¶ 51} Therefore, although the joinder of the two cases was arguably
improper under Crim.R. 8(A), the outcome of the trial was not affected by the
joinder. Accordingly, appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 52} Because this matter is being remanded for retrial on separate
grounds, we note that this assignment of error will be relevant to appellant’s
retrial. As discussed, our conclusions in this assignment of error rely heavily
on appellant’s failure to raise timely objections, thereby subjecting him to the
confines of a plain error analysis. Had appellant objected to the 21
consolidation of his cases at the appropriate time, this court likely would have
reached a different outcome.
Conclusion
{¶ 53} In summary, appellant’s first assignment of error is sustained,
and therefore he must be granted a new trial; appellant’s second and fourth
assignments of error are overruled; appellant’s remaining assignments of
error are rendered moot.
{¶ 54} This cause is affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded to
the lower court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is ordered that appellant recover of said appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., JUDGE
MARY J. BOYLE, P.J., and KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR
APPENDIX
Appellant’s assignments of error:
“I. The trial court erred and denied due process when it permitted appellant’s pro se representation absent valid waiver(s) of his constitutional right to counsel, especially where appellant did not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waive this right, where he was found incompetent to represent himself and a determination that he was competent to represent 22
himself was not made and no attempt was made to obtain his waiver or right to counsel on the consolidated felonious assault, obstruction, and resisting arrest case.”
“II. The trial court committed prejudicial error when it joined the two unrelated cases for trial over appellant’s objection and deprived appellant of his constitutional right to a fair trial.”
“III. The trial court erred when it permitted the prosecutor to amend the dates of indictments in counts 5 and 6, changing the nature of the underlying offenses and depriving appellant of his rights to indictment by grand jury and to effectively present his affirmative defenses.”
“IV. Appellant’s convictions for assault on an officer and obstruction of official business were not supported by sufficient evidence.”
“V. Appellant’s convictions for non-support, assault and obstruction were against the manifest weight of the evidence in light of he evidence demonstrating appellant’s affirmative defenses.”