State v. Baldwin

• Court: Court of Appeals of North Carolina
• Decided: April 6, 2021
• Docket: 20-17
• Status: Published

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

2021-NCCOA-97

No. COA20-17

Filed 6 April 2021

Bladen County, Nos. 15 CRS 52090, 16 CRS 25-27

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

v.

CHRISTOPHER BALDWIN

Appeal by defendant from judgments entered 1 February 2019 by Judge

Imelda Pate in Bladen County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 9

March 2021.

Attorney General Joshua H. Stein, by Special Deputy Attorney General Francisco Benzoni, for the State.

Glover & Petersen, P.A., by Ann B. Petersen, for defendant-appellant.

TYSON, Judge.

¶1 Christopher Baldwin (“Defendant”) appeals from judgments entered after a

jury returned verdicts of guilty of first-degree murder, attempted first-degree murder,

and felony conspiracy to commit first-degree murder. We find no error.

I. Background

¶2 Montise Mitchell had engaged in a long-standing feud with the Council family.

In March 2013, Montise, Antwan Council, and Antwan’s cousin, Robert Council, STATE V. BALDWIN

Opinion of the Court

worked together at a Smithfield Foods processing and packing plant. A supervisor

asked Robert to assist a pregnant coworker with lifting meat. Montise, the putative

father of the coworker’s unborn child, observed the interaction, and became angry

with Robert for helping the coworker. Montise wanted to fight with Robert. Robert

agreed to meet and fight Montise at a nearby gas station.

¶3 When Robert left work that evening, Montise, his father and brother, and

several other people blocked Robert’s car in the plant’s parking lot with a truck and

ambushed him. They assaulted Robert and injured him so badly he required medical

attention. Smithfield’s security officers were called to break up the affray. Montise

was criminally prosecuted for the assault on Robert. Montise was ordered to pay

restitution for Robert’s medical bills.

¶4 Antwan called Robert several months after the fight and let Robert know

Montise was visiting another cousin. Robert and Antwan drove over to their cousin’s

house and a fight ensued. As Antwan and Robert approached Montise, he reached

for his waistband. Antwan restrained Montise by grabbing his arms. Robert hit

Montise several times. No one reported this fight to the police.

¶5 On 8 November 2015, Montise’s sister, Shanika Mitchell, and Montise’s

girlfriend, D’Nayza Downing, contacted Antwan to obtain marijuana. D’Nayza and

Shanika traveled to Antwan’s and his brother, Darrell Council’s home. D’Nayza and

Shanika returned to Montise and Shanika’s mother’s house for some time and later STATE V. BALDWIN

contacted Antwan again about getting together. Antwan and Darrell picked up the

women sometime after 5:00 p.m. and returned to the Council home. The group sat

outside for two hours in Darrell’s SUV and smoked marijuana.

¶6 D’Nayza and Shanika texted Montise to set up Antwan to be ambushed while

the group smoked in the car. Montise responded that he planned to shoot Antwan.

He texted them he was “gonna do it” when Antwan and Darrell dropped D’Nayza and

Shanika off. Montise later texted he would “do it” down the road somewhere from

Montise and Shanika’s mother’s house.

¶7 Antwan and Darrell drove D’Nayza and Shanika back to Montise and

Shanika’s mother’s house off Center Road shortly after 8:00 p.m., well after dark.

Antwan told Shanika that he would see her later. Shanika responded, “You ain’t got

to worry about that.”

¶8 The Council brothers left and drove back down Center Road. When they

approached the intersection of Center Road and Twisted Hickory Road, they saw a

man dressed in a black hoodie standing in the middle of the street. The man pulled

a gun from his waistband and opened fire. Antwan recognized the shooter as Montise

Mitchell, Shanika’s brother.

¶9 Defendant was also present at the intersection and opened fire on Darrell’s

truck. Montise fired eight shots into Darrell’s vehicle from the driver’s side of the

road. Defendant opened fire from the opposite side of the road. Defendant fired STATE V. BALDWIN

thirteen shots from the passenger’s side of the road.

¶ 10 Antwan heard gunshots coming from both sides of the vehicle and ducked down

in the backseat of the truck. The truck spun in the intersection. Antwan asked

Darrell if he was okay. Darrell responded “no” and put his head down. The truck

came to a stop in the ditch. Antwan rolled down the passenger window and crawled

out. Antwan saw two men fleeing from the scene. Antwan also ran from the scene

and called 911. Police responded to the scene of the shooting. Antwan was able to

escape unharmed. Darrell was killed in the ambush.

¶ 11 Montise and Defendant were close friends, who were together six or seven days

per week. Prior to the ambush, Montise and Defendant had driven around, before

returning to Montise’s and Shanika’s mother’s house. They had waited at the house

for almost an hour prior to leaving for the ambush.

¶ 12 Montise and Defendant returned to Montise’s and Shanika’s mother’s house a

few minutes after the shooting. Montise had left a rental car at his mother’s house.

Defendant, Montise, Shanika, and D’Nayza drove together to a grocery store parking

lot in Cameron. Montise gave the keys of the car to an unknown person in the parking

lot. This person drove the car away. Montise’s father and grandmother then picked

them up and drove them away. Montise and the others in the car dropped D’Nayza

off at her grandmother’s house and left together.

¶ 13 During the investigation police found shell casings on both sides of the STATE V. BALDWIN

intersection. Forensic evidence showed bullets struck Darrell’s vehicle on both sides.

The driver’s side was hit five times and the passenger’s side was hit once. Montise

was positioned on the driver’s side of the vehicle at the intersection and fired eight

times. Defendant was positioned on the passenger’s side and fired thirteen times.

Darrell’s truck passed between the two shooters.

¶ 14 Lt. Johnson, the lead investigator with the Bladen County Sheriff’s Office,

interviewed D’Nayza. D’Nayza identified Defendant as a suspect. Lt. Johnson called

Defendant’s mother. Defendant returned Lt. Johnson’s call and agreed to meet at his

mother’s house. Lt. Johnson arrested Defendant at his mother’s house and

transported him to the Lumberton police station. Lt. Johnson advised Defendant of

his Miranda rights, which he waived. Defendant told Lt. Johnson he was at home all

day 8 November 2015 in a videotaped interview.

¶ 15 Defendant was transported to Bladen County and jailed. Defendant told Lt.

Johnson he wished to speak to him again. Defendant was again advised of and

waived his rights. Defendant admitted to Lt. Johnson that he had lied in his first

interview. Defendant was present with Montise on 8 November 2015 at Montise and

Shanika’s mother’s house for an hour prior to the shooting. Defendant admitted being

present at the scene of the shooting, where he possessed and fired a gun. Defendant

claimed he was firing reflexively and trying to protect himself. He heard gunshots,

pulled his gun, and fired at an angle. Defendant said he did not know who was inside STATE V. BALDWIN

the vehicle.

¶ 16 Montise and Shanika were later apprehended in Robeson County with the

assistance of the United States Marshals Service and the Robeson County Sheriff’s

Department.

¶ 17 Defendant was indicted for (1) first-degree murder of Darrell Council; (2)

discharging a firearm into a vehicle while occupied and in operation; (3) attempted

first-degree murder of Antwan Council; and (4) conspiracy to commit first-degree

murder against Antwan Council. The case was tried and a jury returned guilty

verdicts on all charges. Defendant was found guilty of first-degree murder on the

basis of lying in wait and felony murder but acquitted on the basis of malice,

premeditation and deliberation.

¶ 18 Judgment on the offense of discharging a firearm was arrested. The trial court

sentenced Defendant to life without possibility of parole for the first-degree murder

of Darrell, consolidated the other offenses and sentenced Defendant to an active

sentence of 150 to 192 months to run at the expiration of the sentence for first-degree

murder. Defendant gave oral notice of appeal in open court.

II. Jurisdiction

¶ 19 This Court possesses jurisdiction pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 7A-27(b) and

15A-1444(a) (2019).

III. Issue STATE V. BALDWIN

¶ 20 Defendant argues since the State presented his exculpatory statement, which

was otherwise consistent with the evidence, the State’s evidence was insufficient to

submit or support a conviction for first-degree murder, conspiracy to commit first-

degree murder, and attempted first-degree murder.

IV. Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss

A. Standard of Review

¶ 21 “This Court reviews the trial court’s denial of a motion to dismiss de novo.

State v. Smith, 186 N.C. App. 57, 62, 650 S.E.2d 29, 33 (2007). “Upon defendant’s

motion for dismissal, the question for the Court is whether there is substantial

evidence (1) of each essential element of the offense charged, or of a lesser offense

included therein, and (2) of defendant’s being the perpetrator of such offense. If so,

the motion is properly denied.” State v. Fritsch, 351 N.C. 373, 378, 526 S.E.2d 451,

455 (2000) (citations omitted).

¶ 22 “In making its determination, the trial court must consider all evidence

admitted, whether competent or incompetent, in the light most favorable to the State,

giving the State the benefit of every reasonable inference and resolving any

contradictions in its favor.” State v. Rose, 339 N.C. 172, 192, 451 S.E.2d 211, 223

(1994), cert. denied, 515 U.S. 1135, 132 L. Ed. 2d 818 (1995).

B. Exculpatory Statement

¶ 23 Defendant argues his statement that after he heard gunshots being fired from STATE V. BALDWIN

the vehicle, he turned and pulled his gun and fired shots at an angle not aiming at

the vehicle was exculpatory evidence and consistent with other evidence presented

by the State. Defendant asserts the evidence is insufficient to show he acted in

concert with Montise to murder Darrell.

¶ 24 Defendant’s statement is inconsistent with the other evidence presented by the

State. Defendant admitted: he was on the opposite side of the road during the

shooting than Montise; had a gun at the scene of the shooting; fired the gun during

the shooting; and, initially lied about his location during his first interview with the

police. Forensic evidence showed Defendant fired the weapon thirteen times during

the incident and both sides of the vehicle were hit by bullets. Defendant testified he

spent an hour at Montise and Shanika’s mother’s house prior to the shooting and fled

from the scene with Montise, Shanika, and D’Nayza.

C. First-Degree Murder

¶ 25 Our General Statutes define first-degree murder as: “A murder which shall be

perpetrated by means of . . . lying in wait . . . shall be deemed to be murder in the

first degree.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-17(a) (2019). A murder in which the perpetrator

lies in wait and ambushes a victim in a private attack is also a first-degree murder.

State v. Grullon, 240 N.C. App 55, 60, 770 S.E.2d 379, 383 (2015) (citing State v.

Leroux, 326 N.C. 368, 375, 390 S.E.2d 314, 320 (1990)).

¶ 26 Under the felony-murder rule, the killing of a human being in the course of STATE V. BALDWIN

committing another felony with the use of a deadly weapon is also a first-degree

murder. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-17; State v. Wall, 304 N.C. 609, 612, 286 S.E.2d 68, 70-

71 (1982). This felony includes firing into an occupied vehicle while in operation with

a deadly weapon. Wall, 304 N.C. at 612-13, 286 S.E.2d at 71 (citations omitted).

¶ 27 The State advanced the theory of Defendant acting in concert with Montise.

“Acting in concert means that the defendant is present at the scene of the crime and

acts together with another who does the acts necessary to constitute the crime

pursuant to a common plan or purpose to commit the crime.” State v. Calderon, 242

N.C. App. 125, 135, 774 S.E.2d 398, 407 (2015) (citations and internal quotations

omitted).

¶ 28 Under this theory, two or more persons, who joined together in a purpose to

commit a crime, are responsible for the unlawful acts committed by the other person,

so long as those acts are committed in furtherance of the crime’s common purpose.

Id. The State need not show Defendant in fact fired the bullet that killed Darrell, but

that Defendant acted in concert with Montise to perform the killing. If Montise’s

actions met every element of first-degree murder, with Defendant acting in concert

with Montise, Defendant is criminally liable for the murder of Darrell Council. Id.

¶ 29 Here, the State’s evidence tends to show all elements of first-degree murder

were met. Darrell was killed as the proximate cause of an assault with a deadly

weapon by Montise and Defendant lying in wait and ambush. Darrell was killed STATE V. BALDWIN

when Montise and Defendant fired their guns into a vehicle occupied and in

operation, a felony, as Darrell drove his vehicle on the public highways through the

intersection of Center Road and Twisted Hickory Road.

¶ 30 The State’s evidence tended to show Montise had a longstanding feud with the

Council family. This feud predated the shooting by two years. Immediately prior to

the shooting, Montise texted his sister, Shanika, and girlfriend, D’Nayza to set up an

ambush in which he planned to kill the Council brothers. While Defendant was

present, Montise texted Shanika and D’Nayza for several hours while they were with

the Councils and shared his intent to kill the brothers.

¶ 31 The State’s evidence also tended to show Montise and Defendant were close

friends. They spent part of the day prior to the shooting driving around together.

They then spent over an hour at Montise’s and Shanika’s mother’s house immediately

prior to the shooting.

¶ 32 The evidence also tended to show this was a planned ambush. When the

Council brothers drove up to the intersection, Montise was positioned in the center of

the road, and then moved to one side as the Councils drove through the intersection.

Defendant was positioned opposite Montise. Both fired their guns at the vehicle as

Darrell drove it through the intersection. Montise and Defendant were positioned

such that the SUV had to drive between them.

¶ 33 Montise fired eight shots; Defendant fired thirteen. The driver’s side of the STATE V. BALDWIN

vehicle was hit five times. The passenger’s side was hit once. A bullet fired through

the driver side door dealt the fatal injury to Darrell.

¶ 34 After the shooting, Montise and Defendant fled from the scene together. They

met with Shanika and D’Nayza, who had communicated with Montise to set up the

ambush. Defendant, the Mitchells, and D’Nayza drove together to Cameron, where

the rental car they rode in was disposed of. All four were picked up by Montise’s

father and grandmother and left together.

¶ 35 The jury was instructed on the theory of acting in concert. The State was

required to present evidence tending to show all the elements of first-degree murder

and that Montise and Defendant were acting according to a common scheme or plan.

This evidence must have been sufficient to permit a reasonable juror to find, beyond

a reasonable doubt, all elements of first-degree murder were met. This evidence must

also be sufficient to permit a reasonable juror to conclude Montise and Defendant

were acting in concert.

¶ 36 Here, the State’s evidence is sufficient to present the charge of first-degree

murder to the jury. The State provided sufficient evidence to show that Darrell was

killed as the proximate cause of an assault with a deadly weapon, by Montise and

Defendant lying in wait to ambush Darrell as he drove through the intersection. The

State also provided sufficient evidence tending to show Darrell was killed when

Montise and Defendant fired into his occupied and moving vehicle. Every element of STATE V. BALDWIN

the convicted theories of first-degree murder is attributable to Montise. Montise and

Defendant’s conduct during and following the shooting is sufficient for a reasonable

juror to infer they were acting in concert. Defendant may be held responsible for

Montise’s felonious conduct made in furtherance of the common plan to ambush and

kill Darrell. Defendant’s argument is overruled.

D. Attempted First-Degree Murder

¶ 37 Defendant was also charged with the attempted first-degree murder of

Antwan. Attempted first-degree murder is when a person has (1) the specific intent

to kill another person unlawfully; (2) performs an overt act calculated to carry out

that intent; (3) with malice, premeditation, and deliberation; (4) and fails to complete

the intended killing. State v. Peoples, 141 N.C. App. 115, 117, 539 S.E.2d 25, 28 (2000)

(citations omitted). As with the first-degree murder charge of Darrell, the State

advanced a theory of acting in concert. See Calderon, 242 N.C. App. at 135, 774

S.E.2d at 407.

¶ 38 The State’s proffered evidence sufficient to support a conviction of attempted

first-degree murder overlaps, in part, with the evidence in supporting the first-degree

murder of Darrell. Acting together, Montise and Defendant had the specific intent to

kill Antwan. Montise’s intent is evidenced by the text messages shared between

Montise, his sister, and D’Nayza. Montise expressly states his intent to kill Antwan

upon discovering Shanika and D’Nayza were with him and Darrell. Defendant’s STATE V. BALDWIN

intent to assist Montise in the killing may be reasonably inferred by: Defendant spent

a portion of the day immediately prior to the shooting with Montise, he was present

at the shooting with Montise, fired his own gun at the scene of the shooting, fled the

scene with Montise, rode with Montise while he disposed of his rental vehicle, and

then continued riding with Montise after Montise’s family dropped off D’Nayza.

¶ 39 Both Montise and Defendant performed an overt act to execute Montise’s

intent to kill Antwan. As Darrell drove himself and Antwan through the intersection,

both Montise and Defendant opened fire in the direction of the Councils’ vehicle.

Evidence shows Montise fired eight shots, and Defendant thirteen shots.

¶ 40 Malice, deliberation, and premeditation may be shown by the evidence

presented at trial. Montise texted his sister and D’Nayza while with Defendant.

Montise expressly shared his desire to kill Antwan. Montise and Defendant spent

the hour immediately prior to the shooting together at Montise’s and Shanika’s

mother’s house. Montise and Defendant were both positioned at the intersection of

Center Road and Twisted Hickory Road. Both were armed and fired their weapons

when Darrell and Antwan drove through the intersection.

¶ 41 While Darrell was killed in the shooting, Antwan miraculously escaped

physical harm. The first-degree murder fell short of completion. The State’s evidence

tends to show Defendant attempted to kill Antwan. Construed in the light most

favorable to the State, sufficient evidence exists from which a reasonable jury could STATE V. BALDWIN

find and convict Defendant of being guilty of attempted first-degree murder.

Defendant’s argument is overruled.

E. Conspiracy to Commit First-Degree Murder

¶ 42 “The elements of conspiracy to commit murder are: (1) defendant entered into

an agreement with at least one other person; and (2) the agreement was for an

unlawful purpose, here, to commit or assist in committing [first-degree] murder.”

State v. Jackson, 189 N.C. App. 747, 754, 659 S.E.2d 73, 78 (2008) (citing State v.

Larrimore, 340 N.C. 119, 156, 456 S.E.2d 789, 809 (1995)).

¶ 43 “Direct proof of [a conspiracy] is not essential . . . it may be, and generally is,

established by a number of indefinite acts, each of which, standing alone, might have

little weight, but, taken collectively, they point unerringly to the existence of a

conspiracy.” State v. Whiteside, 204 N.C. 710, 712, 169 S.E. 711, 712 (1933) (citation

¶ 44 As with the chargers discussed above, the State provided evidence that tended

to show Montise and Defendant were close friends, often together for several days a

week. They spent the day immediately prior to the shooting together. Montise

communicated with his sister and D’Nayza to set up an ambush for the Council

brothers that evening. Both Montise and Defendant were at the shooting; Defendant

was positioned on the opposite side of the road from Montise. Defendant had a

firearm. STATE V. BALDWIN

¶ 45 Defendant fired his weapon thirteen times at Darrell’s vehicle as it drove past.

Defendant fled the scene of the shooting with Montise. Defendant rode with Montise

while Montise’s rental car was disposed of. Defendant got in a second vehicle and left

with several members of the Mitchell family and D’Nayza. Later, Defendant lied to

the police about his whereabouts on the day of the shooting.

¶ 46 Taken together, sufficient evidence exists for a juror to conclude beyond a

reasonable doubt that Montise and Defendant acted in concert to kill Antwan,

according to a common scheme or plan between them. A juror could reasonably infer

that Montise and Defendant conspired and came to an agreement in which Defendant

would help Montise carry out his intent to ambush and kill Antwan and Darrell. The

State’s evidence was sufficient to support the jury’s finding of Defendant’s guilt.

IV. Conclusion

¶ 47 The State’s evidence tended to show Montise and Defendant acted together to

murder Darrell, and pursuant to a conspiracy attempted to murder Antwan. Under

the theory of acting in concert, the State’s evidence is sufficient to show the elements

of each of the offenses charged, and Defendant was a perpetrator of each offense. The

trial court did not err in denying Defendant’s motion to dismiss. State v. Earnhardt,

307 N.C. 62, 66, 296 S.E.2d 649, 651-52 (1982). It is so ordered.

NO ERROR. STATE V. BALDWIN

Judges MURPHY and GORE concur.