State v. Amerson

259 S.W.3d 91, 2008 Mo. App. LEXIS 639, 2008 WL 1960215
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedMay 7, 2008
Docket27989
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 259 S.W.3d 91 (State v. Amerson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Amerson, 259 S.W.3d 91, 2008 Mo. App. LEXIS 639, 2008 WL 1960215 (Mo. Ct. App. 2008).

Opinion

JEFFREY W. BATES, Judge.

Antonio Amerson (Defendant) contends the trial court erred in permitting the State to waive its final peremptory challenge so as to exclude Charles Jones (Jones), an African-American vernireper-son, from the jury. Defendant argues that, for the reasons articulated in Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986), the State’s action violated the rights of Jones and Defendant to equal protection. This Court affirms.

Defendant was charged by amended information with committing the class B felony of possessing a controlled substance with the intent to deliver. See § 195.211. 1 Defendant was alleged and found to be a prior offender. See § 558.016.2. After the jury convicted Defendant of the charged offense, the trial court determined punishment and sentenced Defendant to serve 10 years in prison. See § 557.036.4(2).

Defendant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support his conviction, and the sole point on appeal is whether the trial court committed an error during the jury-selection process. Therefore, our summary of the relevant facts is confined to that issue.

*93 Defendant is African-American. Prior to trial, the court summoned 43 potential jurors. Two persons were excused before the trial commenced, and one person failed to appear in response to the summons. That left a group of 40 venirepersons present for voir dire. There were five African-Americans in that group: No. 3, Mike Cooper; No. 7, Roy Macklin; No. 14, Helen Davis; No. 26, Erma Tipler; and No. 31, Jones. One venireperson was excused because of a physical problem, and three were stricken for cause. That left 36 qualified jurors in the venire. The State and Defendant, in that sequence, each exercised their six peremptory challenges. See § 494.480.2(2) RSMo (2000). Three of the jurors peremptorily challenged by the State were African-American. They were Macklin, Davis and Jones.

After peremptory challenges were announced, Defendant raised a Batson objection to the State’s exercise of peremptory challenges against Macklin, Davis and Jones. The prosecutor used a peremptory challenge against Macklin because he failed to disclose a prior theft arrest, and he believed one of his relatives had been treated unfairly by police. Davis was challenged because her husband had been prosecuted for murder by the same prosecutor who was representing the State in the case at bar. After finding the prosecutor’s reasons were race-neutral and not pretextual, the trial court overruled the Batson objections to the State’s exercise of peremptory challenges as to these two venirepersons. 2

When the discussion turned to Jones, however, the prosecutor announced that he was withdrawing his peremptory challenge because it had been based on erroneous information that Jones lived in a “drug house.” The trial court offered the State another peremptory strike, but the prosecutor chose not to exercise it. The court noted that the State was not required to exercise any or all of its strikes, so the first 12 jurors on the venire would be seated. Defense counsel then stated, “[biased on his refusal to challenge — never mind, it ended up the same way.” After this equivocal statement, there was no request that the trial court take any action. The court removed the 13 surplus venire-persons, which included Jones, from the jury list because they were no longer needed after the first 12 were seated. African-Americans Cooper and Tipler served on the jury that heard Defendant’s case.

After Defendant was convicted, counsel filed a motion for new trial. The motion specifically asserted that the trial court should have required the State to exercise its sixth peremptory challenge. Defendant argued that, by refusing to strike another juror, the State conducted impermissible racial discrimination in violation of Batson that effectively prohibited Jones from serving on the jury. The motion was overruled, and this appeal followed.

Defendant’s point on appeal contends the trial court erred in permitting the State to waive its final peremptory challenge so as to exclude Jones from the jury. The State argues that Defendant has failed to preserve the point for appeal. This Court agrees. When the prosecutor waived the State’s last peremptory challenge, it appears that defense counsel started to object and then changed his mind. Defendant did not ask that the State be forced to exercise its last peremptory challenge, so the court was not given an opportunity to rule upon the issue. Because Defendant did not object at trial to the prosecutor’s waiver of the State’s last peremptory challenge and obtain a ruling thereon, the issue is not preserved for *94 appeal. See State v. Brown, 953 S.W.2d 133, 139 (Mo.App.1997); State v. Webb, 583 S.W.2d 536, 538 (Mo.App.1979). “A trial court cannot be faulted for not taking action it was never asked to take.” State v. Smith, 11 S.W.3d 733, 738 (Mo.App.1999).

In Defendant’s reply brief, one of his alternative requests is that this Court review his point on appeal for plain error. See Rule 30.20. Plain error review involves a two-step process. State v. Stall-ings, 158 S.W.3d 310, 315 (Mo.App.2005). First, we determine- whether the claim of error facially establishes substantial grounds for believing that manifest injustice or miscarriage of justice has resulted. Id. “Plain errors are evident, obvious, and clear, and we determine whether such errors exist based on the facts and circumstances of each case.” State v. Johnson, 182 S.W.3d 667, 670 (Mo.App.2005). Absent a finding of facial plain error, this Court should decline its discretion to review the claim. Stallings, 158 S.W.3d at 315. “If plain error is found, we proceed to the second step to consider whether the error actually resulted in manifest injustice or a miscarriage of justice.” Id. at 315-16.

Defendant argues that the State’s waiver of its last peremptory challenge, which resulted in the exclusion of Jones and other qualified venirepersons from the jury due solely to their random numerical placement on the venire, violated Batson and thereby deprived Defendant and Jones of equal protection. According to Defendant, this is a matter of first impression in Missouri. He suggests that this Court should follow the analysis employed in United States v. Esparza-Gonzalez, 422 F.3d 897 (9th Cir.2005).

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
259 S.W.3d 91, 2008 Mo. App. LEXIS 639, 2008 WL 1960215, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-amerson-moctapp-2008.