FILED MAY 7, 2026 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) ) No. 40955-4-III Respondent, ) ) v. ) ) SYLVESTER CANTU LOPEZ JR., ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) Appellant. )
COONEY, J. — Sylvester Lopez Jr. was convicted of malicious mischief in the
second degree. He argues there was insufficient evidence admitted at trial to support the
conviction. We disagree and affirm.
BACKGROUND
Mr. Lopez and Angela Banks were formerly in a dating relationship. On
August 7, 2022, Mr. Lopez arrived at Ms. Banks’ residence, had an “outburst,” and
broke Ms. Banks’ iPhone and Ring camera by throwing them to the ground. Clerk’s
Papers (CP) at 2. As he departed, Mr. Lopez threw rocks at Ms. Banks’ residence, No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
breaking a window. Mr. Lopez was arrested and charged with malicious mischief in the
second degree with an allegation that the offense was committed against an intimate
partner.
The case was later settled through a stipulated order of continuance (SOC). In the
SOC, the State agreed it would amend the charge of malicious mischief in the second
degree to malicious mischief in the third degree if Mr. Lopez complied with the terms of
the agreement. Mr. Lopez agreed to waive certain constitutional rights should the SOC
be revoked, including the right to contest or object to any evidence presented by the State
at a future hearing. The SOC also provided:
The Defendant understands that by entering this agreement, upon conviction he waives the right to appeal all issues except the voluntariness of this agreement, the reasonableness of the termination of the agreement, the sufficiency of the evidence and an exceptional sentence.
CP at 13.
Walla Walla District Court Probation filed several “Notices of Non-Compliance”
with the Walla Walla Superior Court in 2023, alleging that Mr. Lopez had failed to
comply with the terms of the SOC. The State eventually moved to revoke the SOC based
on Mr. Lopez receiving four new criminal charges and his failure to obtain the required
chemical dependency evaluation.
At a hearing on September 4, 2024, the trial court found a sufficient factual basis
to revoke the SOC, ruling, “there was a violation of the agreement based—based on that
new criminal law violation, and I am finding that that is sufficient grounds for revocation
2 No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
of the agreement.” Rep. of Proc. (RP) at 129. The court then proceeded to a fact-finding
hearing. As part of the fact-finding hearing, the court reviewed the affidavit of probable
cause and the investigative report. The probable cause affidavit stated, in part, “[Ms.
Banks] estimated the cost to replace the phone at about $800.00.” CP at 2. It further
stated that “[Ms. Banks] estimated the cost to replace [the Ring doorbell camera] at
$200.00.” CP at 2. In its written findings, the court wrote:
9) The Court finds, as to the underlying crime of Malicious Mischief in the 2nd Degree—Domestic Violence-Intimate Partner, that a review of the Probable Cause affidavit and the investigative report filed by the State to be sufficient for a finding of guilt, pursuant to the terms of the SOC agreed to by the parties.
10) The Court has reviewed [the] report and [the probable cause affidavit], and finds that the defendant did, during an altercation with his intimate partner, Angela Banks, break her cell phone, which was valued at $800, and a Ring Doorbell Camera, valued at $200. The aggregate value of both items is sufficient to find the defendant guilty of Malicious Mischief in the 2nd degree.
CP at 107-08. The court noted that the cost for Ms. Banks to replace the window was
$500.00 but did not reference the window in its order. The court ultimately found Mr.
Lopez guilty of malicious mischief in the second degree. He was later sentenced.
Mr. Lopez appeals to this court.
ANALYSIS
SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE
Mr. Lopez argues there was insufficient evidence to support a conviction for
malicious mischief in the second degree. We disagree.
3 No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
The sufficiency of the evidence is a question of law this court is to review de
novo. State v. Rich, 184 Wn.2d 897, 903, 365 P.3d 746 (2016). In a sufficiency of the
evidence challenge, “we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the State to
determine ‘whether . . . any rational trier of fact could have found guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt.’” State v. Varga, 151 Wn.2d 179, 201, 86 P.3d 139 (2004) (quoting
State v. Salinas, 119 Wn.2d 192, 201, 829 P.2d 1068 (1992)). “A claim of insufficiency
admits the truth of the State’s evidence and all inferences that can reasonably be drawn
from it.” State v. DeVries, 149 Wn.2d 842, 849, 72 P.3d 748 (2003). “[I]nferences based
on circumstantial evidence must be reasonable and cannot be based on speculation.”
State v. Vasquez, 178 Wn.2d 1, 16, 309 P.3d 318 (2013). We defer to the trier of fact on
issues of conflicting testimony, witness credibility, and persuasiveness of the evidence.
State v. Thomas, 150 Wn.2d 821, 874, 83 P.3d 970 (2004).
As a preliminary matter, the State argues Mr. Lopez is precluded from appealing
the sufficiency of the evidence. We disagree.
The SOC states, in part:
The Defendant understands that by entering this agreement, upon conviction he waives the right to appeal all issues except the voluntariness of this agreement, the reasonableness of the termination of this agreement, the sufficiency of the evidence and an exceptional sentence.
CP at 13 (emphasis added). Mr. Lopez did not waive his right to appeal the sufficiency
of the evidence.
4 No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
Turning to the merits, Mr. Lopez argues the evidence was insufficient to prove the
repair cost for the items.
RCW 9A.48.080 states:
(1) A person is guilty of malicious mischief in the second degree if he or she knowingly and maliciously:
(a) Causes physical damage to the property of another in an amount exceeding seven hundred fifty dollars.
“Damages” includes “any diminution in the value of any property as a
consequence of an act.” RCW 9A.48.010(b). “Physical damage” includes both “its
ordinary meaning” and “any diminution in value of any property as a consequence of an
act.” RCW 9A.48.100(1). The ordinary meaning of “damages” includes the reasonable
cost to restore injured property to its former condition. State v. Newcomb, 160 Wn. App.
184, 192, 246 P.3d 1286 (2011). The sum of the damage caused is a true element of the
offense that must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Timothy K., 107 Wn.
App.
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FILED MAY 7, 2026 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) ) No. 40955-4-III Respondent, ) ) v. ) ) SYLVESTER CANTU LOPEZ JR., ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) Appellant. )
COONEY, J. — Sylvester Lopez Jr. was convicted of malicious mischief in the
second degree. He argues there was insufficient evidence admitted at trial to support the
conviction. We disagree and affirm.
BACKGROUND
Mr. Lopez and Angela Banks were formerly in a dating relationship. On
August 7, 2022, Mr. Lopez arrived at Ms. Banks’ residence, had an “outburst,” and
broke Ms. Banks’ iPhone and Ring camera by throwing them to the ground. Clerk’s
Papers (CP) at 2. As he departed, Mr. Lopez threw rocks at Ms. Banks’ residence, No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
breaking a window. Mr. Lopez was arrested and charged with malicious mischief in the
second degree with an allegation that the offense was committed against an intimate
partner.
The case was later settled through a stipulated order of continuance (SOC). In the
SOC, the State agreed it would amend the charge of malicious mischief in the second
degree to malicious mischief in the third degree if Mr. Lopez complied with the terms of
the agreement. Mr. Lopez agreed to waive certain constitutional rights should the SOC
be revoked, including the right to contest or object to any evidence presented by the State
at a future hearing. The SOC also provided:
The Defendant understands that by entering this agreement, upon conviction he waives the right to appeal all issues except the voluntariness of this agreement, the reasonableness of the termination of the agreement, the sufficiency of the evidence and an exceptional sentence.
CP at 13.
Walla Walla District Court Probation filed several “Notices of Non-Compliance”
with the Walla Walla Superior Court in 2023, alleging that Mr. Lopez had failed to
comply with the terms of the SOC. The State eventually moved to revoke the SOC based
on Mr. Lopez receiving four new criminal charges and his failure to obtain the required
chemical dependency evaluation.
At a hearing on September 4, 2024, the trial court found a sufficient factual basis
to revoke the SOC, ruling, “there was a violation of the agreement based—based on that
new criminal law violation, and I am finding that that is sufficient grounds for revocation
2 No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
of the agreement.” Rep. of Proc. (RP) at 129. The court then proceeded to a fact-finding
hearing. As part of the fact-finding hearing, the court reviewed the affidavit of probable
cause and the investigative report. The probable cause affidavit stated, in part, “[Ms.
Banks] estimated the cost to replace the phone at about $800.00.” CP at 2. It further
stated that “[Ms. Banks] estimated the cost to replace [the Ring doorbell camera] at
$200.00.” CP at 2. In its written findings, the court wrote:
9) The Court finds, as to the underlying crime of Malicious Mischief in the 2nd Degree—Domestic Violence-Intimate Partner, that a review of the Probable Cause affidavit and the investigative report filed by the State to be sufficient for a finding of guilt, pursuant to the terms of the SOC agreed to by the parties.
10) The Court has reviewed [the] report and [the probable cause affidavit], and finds that the defendant did, during an altercation with his intimate partner, Angela Banks, break her cell phone, which was valued at $800, and a Ring Doorbell Camera, valued at $200. The aggregate value of both items is sufficient to find the defendant guilty of Malicious Mischief in the 2nd degree.
CP at 107-08. The court noted that the cost for Ms. Banks to replace the window was
$500.00 but did not reference the window in its order. The court ultimately found Mr.
Lopez guilty of malicious mischief in the second degree. He was later sentenced.
Mr. Lopez appeals to this court.
ANALYSIS
SUFFICIENCY OF EVIDENCE
Mr. Lopez argues there was insufficient evidence to support a conviction for
malicious mischief in the second degree. We disagree.
3 No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
The sufficiency of the evidence is a question of law this court is to review de
novo. State v. Rich, 184 Wn.2d 897, 903, 365 P.3d 746 (2016). In a sufficiency of the
evidence challenge, “we review the evidence in the light most favorable to the State to
determine ‘whether . . . any rational trier of fact could have found guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt.’” State v. Varga, 151 Wn.2d 179, 201, 86 P.3d 139 (2004) (quoting
State v. Salinas, 119 Wn.2d 192, 201, 829 P.2d 1068 (1992)). “A claim of insufficiency
admits the truth of the State’s evidence and all inferences that can reasonably be drawn
from it.” State v. DeVries, 149 Wn.2d 842, 849, 72 P.3d 748 (2003). “[I]nferences based
on circumstantial evidence must be reasonable and cannot be based on speculation.”
State v. Vasquez, 178 Wn.2d 1, 16, 309 P.3d 318 (2013). We defer to the trier of fact on
issues of conflicting testimony, witness credibility, and persuasiveness of the evidence.
State v. Thomas, 150 Wn.2d 821, 874, 83 P.3d 970 (2004).
As a preliminary matter, the State argues Mr. Lopez is precluded from appealing
the sufficiency of the evidence. We disagree.
The SOC states, in part:
The Defendant understands that by entering this agreement, upon conviction he waives the right to appeal all issues except the voluntariness of this agreement, the reasonableness of the termination of this agreement, the sufficiency of the evidence and an exceptional sentence.
CP at 13 (emphasis added). Mr. Lopez did not waive his right to appeal the sufficiency
of the evidence.
4 No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
Turning to the merits, Mr. Lopez argues the evidence was insufficient to prove the
repair cost for the items.
RCW 9A.48.080 states:
(1) A person is guilty of malicious mischief in the second degree if he or she knowingly and maliciously:
(a) Causes physical damage to the property of another in an amount exceeding seven hundred fifty dollars.
“Damages” includes “any diminution in the value of any property as a
consequence of an act.” RCW 9A.48.010(b). “Physical damage” includes both “its
ordinary meaning” and “any diminution in value of any property as a consequence of an
act.” RCW 9A.48.100(1). The ordinary meaning of “damages” includes the reasonable
cost to restore injured property to its former condition. State v. Newcomb, 160 Wn. App.
184, 192, 246 P.3d 1286 (2011). The sum of the damage caused is a true element of the
offense that must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Timothy K., 107 Wn.
App. 784, 789, 27 P.3d 1263 (2001). Proof of value typically comes in the form of
witness testimony. State v. Claybourne, 14 Wn. App. 314, 314-15, 541 P.2d 1230
(1975).
Here, to convict Mr. Lopez of malicious mischief in the second degree, the State
was required to prove he knowingly and maliciously caused physical damage to the
property of another in an amount exceeding $750.00.
5 No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
The parties dispute whether evidence of replacement cost is sufficient to prove
diminution of value of the item to be replaced. Diminution of value includes the
reasonable cost to restore the injured property to its former condition. When an item is
damaged to the extent that restoration to its former condition can only reasonably be
accomplished through replacement, it can be inferred that the value of the item has
completely diminished. Therefore, a statement of the replacement value is sufficient to
describe the reasonable cost to restore the broken property to its former condition.
Here, Ms. Banks claimed her iPhone and Ring camera were “broke[n],” and the
cost to replace each would be $800.00 and $200.00 respectively. CP at 2. We must view
this evidence in a light most favorable to the State and accept all reasonable inferences
from the evidence. One reasonable inference is that the items were damaged beyond
repair, thus necessitating replacement. 1
The evidence establishes the aggregate replacement value of the iPhone and Ring
camera exceeds $750.00, thereby meeting the minimum dollar value required for
malicious mischief in the second degree. The State’s evidence was sufficient to convict
Mr. Lopez of malicious mischief in the second degree.
1 Mr. Lopez argues Ms. Banks’ estimate of the replacement cost of the iPhone and Ring camera is speculative and that the values listed in the affidavit of probable cause is hearsay. Although Mr. Lopez’s evidentiary objections are well taken, Mr. Lopez waived “the right to contest or object to any evidence presented against [him] at any future hearings” when he entered into the SOC. CP at 12.
6 No. 40955-4-III State v. Lopez
Affirmed.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in
the Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Cooney, J.
WE CONCUR:
Staab, C.J.
Lawrence-Berrey, J.