FILED
OCTOBER 28, 2014
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 31419-7-II1 ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) MIGUEL FARIAS AMEZOLA, )
)
Appellant. )
LA WRENCE-BERREY, J. - Miguel Amezola agreed to a stipulated facts trial and
was found guilty of unlawful possession of a controlled substance and alien in possession
of a firearm. On appeal, he contends that the evidence was insufficient to support his
convictions. He also challenges the imposition of a $600 domestic violence penalty
assessment. We affirm the convictions, but remand to remove the $600 domestic
violence penalty assessment.
FACTS
After a white crystalline substance was found in a car Mr. Amezola was driving,
Benton County charged Mr. Amezola with one count of unlawful possession of a No. 31419-7-111 State v. Amezola
controlled substance and one count of alien in possession of a firearm. A bench trial was
held. Mr. Amezola stipulated to the following facts:
A Richland police officer stopped a car driven by Mr. Amezola. The car had
different front and rear license plates, and both license plates were registered to other
cars. No other people were in the car.
Mr. Amezola said that his name was Jose Ramos, born November 15, 1970. He
told the officer that he did not have an identification card or a driver's license. The
officer did not find a computer record for this name. The officer arrested Mr. Amezola
for driving without a valid operator's license.
The officer searched Mr. Amezola incident to arrest and found a pill bottle and a
wallet in Mr. Amezola's pants pockets. Identification inside the wallet had Mr.
Amezola's name, born November 15, 1972. The officer found a computer record for Mr.
Amezola. Mr. Amezola admitted his identity and agreed to speak to the officer. Mr.
Amezola told the officer that he borrowed the car from a friend. He said that he did not
know that the license plates on the car belonged to other cars. The officer also found in
the wallet a social security card for Jose Ramos. Mr. Amezola said he used the card to
get work in the United States.
No. 31419-7-III State v. Amezola
The officer saw that the car's ignition was punched out. Also, on the driver's side
floor board, the officer saw a glass pipe with burnt residue. Mr. Amezola told the officer
that his fingerprints may be on the pipe because he moved some CDs around and he might
have accidentally touched the pipe.
Mr. Amezola was arrested and booked into the Benton County Jail. The car he
was driving was impounded and towed. Police obtained a search warrant for the car.
During execution of the warrant, police found several glass pipes, a plastic container
holding a white crystal substance, a gun cleaning rod, ammunition, and a firearm. The
white crystal material was tested and found to contain methamphetamine, a controlled
substance. Mr. Amezola, who is not a United States citizen, did not provide a permit for
the firearm.
Based on these stipulated facts, the trial court found Mr. Amezola guilty of
possession of a controlled substance, methamphetamine, and alien in possession of a
firearm. Included in Mr. Amezola's judgment and sentence was a $600 domestic
violence assessment.
ANALYSIS
Sufficiency orEvidence-Possession ora Controlled Substance. Evidence is
sufficient to support a conviction if any rational trier of fact could have found the
No. 31419-7-II1 State v. Amezola
essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Green, 94 Wn.2d
216,221,616 P.2d 628 (1980) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct.
2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979)). When the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged in a
criminal case, all reasonable inferences from the evidence must be drawn in favor of the
State. Id.
Mr. Amezola contends that the State failed to prove that the white crystalline
substance in the container was methamphetamine. Relying on State v. Colquitt, 133 Wn.
App. 789, 137 P.3d 892 (2006), Mr. Amezola contends that the field test conducted by the
officer was not sufficient evidence to establish the substance was methamphetamine,
absent other supporting evidence such as a laboratory report.
To convict Mr. Amezola of the offense of possession of a controlled substance,
methamphetamine, the State must prove the fact of possession and the nature of the
substance. RCW 69.50.401; RCW 69.50.4013(1). Mr. Amezola's argument addresses
the latter element only.
"A stipulated facts trial is still a trial of a defendant's guilt or innocence." State v.
Mierz, 127 Wn.2d 460,469,901 P.2d 286 (1995). The burden of proof remains on the
State. State v. Johnson, 104 Wn.2d 338, 342, 705 P .2d 773 (1985). The defendant is not
precluded from offering evidence or cross-examining witnesses, but stipulates to the
evidence presented by the State. Id. at 342-43. The stipulation serves as an agreement by
the defendant ~~that if the State's witnesses were called, they would testifY in accordance
with the summary presented by the prosecutor." State v. Wiley, 26 Wn. App. 422, 425,
613 P .2d 549 (1980). A stipulation to facts is an express waiver conceding for the
purpose of the trial that the facts are true and there is no need to prove the facts. State v.
Wolf, 134 Wn. App. 196, 199, 139 P.3d 414 (2006) (quoting Key Design, Inc. v. Moser,
138 Wn.2d 875, 893-94, 983 P.2d 653 (1999)).
Under the invited error doctrine, a party cannot set up an error at trial and then
complain of the same error on appeal. State v. Ellison, 172 Wn. App. 710, 715, 291 P.3d
921 (2013) (quoting State v. Pam, 101 Wn.2d 507, 511,680 P.2d 762 (1984)), review
denied, 180 Wn.2d 1014,327 P.3d 55 (2014). In Ellison, the court held that the invited
error doctrine prohibited Mr. Ellison from challenging a fact stipulated to at trial. Id. at
716. Mr. Ellison signed an agreement stipulating that the court could consider the facts as
true and correct and proved beyond a reasonable doubt./d. After submitting his case for
trial on stipulated facts, the trial court convicted Mr. Ellison of the crime charged. Id. at
714. On appeal, Mr. Ellison contended that the evidence was insufficient to support the
trial court's finding that police were responding to a domestic violence call, a fact
stipulated to by Mr. Ellison. Id. at 715. The appeals court rejected Mr. Ellison's
No. 31419-7-111 State v. Amezola
argument, holding that irrespective of whether the State presented adequate evidence, Mr.
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FILED
OCTOBER 28, 2014
In the Office of the Clerk of Court
WA State Court of Appeals, Division III
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
DIVISION THREE
STATE OF WASHINGTON, ) No. 31419-7-II1 ) Respondent, ) ) v. ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION ) MIGUEL FARIAS AMEZOLA, )
)
Appellant. )
LA WRENCE-BERREY, J. - Miguel Amezola agreed to a stipulated facts trial and
was found guilty of unlawful possession of a controlled substance and alien in possession
of a firearm. On appeal, he contends that the evidence was insufficient to support his
convictions. He also challenges the imposition of a $600 domestic violence penalty
assessment. We affirm the convictions, but remand to remove the $600 domestic
violence penalty assessment.
FACTS
After a white crystalline substance was found in a car Mr. Amezola was driving,
Benton County charged Mr. Amezola with one count of unlawful possession of a No. 31419-7-111 State v. Amezola
controlled substance and one count of alien in possession of a firearm. A bench trial was
held. Mr. Amezola stipulated to the following facts:
A Richland police officer stopped a car driven by Mr. Amezola. The car had
different front and rear license plates, and both license plates were registered to other
cars. No other people were in the car.
Mr. Amezola said that his name was Jose Ramos, born November 15, 1970. He
told the officer that he did not have an identification card or a driver's license. The
officer did not find a computer record for this name. The officer arrested Mr. Amezola
for driving without a valid operator's license.
The officer searched Mr. Amezola incident to arrest and found a pill bottle and a
wallet in Mr. Amezola's pants pockets. Identification inside the wallet had Mr.
Amezola's name, born November 15, 1972. The officer found a computer record for Mr.
Amezola. Mr. Amezola admitted his identity and agreed to speak to the officer. Mr.
Amezola told the officer that he borrowed the car from a friend. He said that he did not
know that the license plates on the car belonged to other cars. The officer also found in
the wallet a social security card for Jose Ramos. Mr. Amezola said he used the card to
get work in the United States.
No. 31419-7-III State v. Amezola
The officer saw that the car's ignition was punched out. Also, on the driver's side
floor board, the officer saw a glass pipe with burnt residue. Mr. Amezola told the officer
that his fingerprints may be on the pipe because he moved some CDs around and he might
have accidentally touched the pipe.
Mr. Amezola was arrested and booked into the Benton County Jail. The car he
was driving was impounded and towed. Police obtained a search warrant for the car.
During execution of the warrant, police found several glass pipes, a plastic container
holding a white crystal substance, a gun cleaning rod, ammunition, and a firearm. The
white crystal material was tested and found to contain methamphetamine, a controlled
substance. Mr. Amezola, who is not a United States citizen, did not provide a permit for
the firearm.
Based on these stipulated facts, the trial court found Mr. Amezola guilty of
possession of a controlled substance, methamphetamine, and alien in possession of a
firearm. Included in Mr. Amezola's judgment and sentence was a $600 domestic
violence assessment.
ANALYSIS
Sufficiency orEvidence-Possession ora Controlled Substance. Evidence is
sufficient to support a conviction if any rational trier of fact could have found the
No. 31419-7-II1 State v. Amezola
essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. State v. Green, 94 Wn.2d
216,221,616 P.2d 628 (1980) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S. Ct.
2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979)). When the sufficiency of the evidence is challenged in a
criminal case, all reasonable inferences from the evidence must be drawn in favor of the
State. Id.
Mr. Amezola contends that the State failed to prove that the white crystalline
substance in the container was methamphetamine. Relying on State v. Colquitt, 133 Wn.
App. 789, 137 P.3d 892 (2006), Mr. Amezola contends that the field test conducted by the
officer was not sufficient evidence to establish the substance was methamphetamine,
absent other supporting evidence such as a laboratory report.
To convict Mr. Amezola of the offense of possession of a controlled substance,
methamphetamine, the State must prove the fact of possession and the nature of the
substance. RCW 69.50.401; RCW 69.50.4013(1). Mr. Amezola's argument addresses
the latter element only.
"A stipulated facts trial is still a trial of a defendant's guilt or innocence." State v.
Mierz, 127 Wn.2d 460,469,901 P.2d 286 (1995). The burden of proof remains on the
State. State v. Johnson, 104 Wn.2d 338, 342, 705 P .2d 773 (1985). The defendant is not
precluded from offering evidence or cross-examining witnesses, but stipulates to the
evidence presented by the State. Id. at 342-43. The stipulation serves as an agreement by
the defendant ~~that if the State's witnesses were called, they would testifY in accordance
with the summary presented by the prosecutor." State v. Wiley, 26 Wn. App. 422, 425,
613 P .2d 549 (1980). A stipulation to facts is an express waiver conceding for the
purpose of the trial that the facts are true and there is no need to prove the facts. State v.
Wolf, 134 Wn. App. 196, 199, 139 P.3d 414 (2006) (quoting Key Design, Inc. v. Moser,
138 Wn.2d 875, 893-94, 983 P.2d 653 (1999)).
Under the invited error doctrine, a party cannot set up an error at trial and then
complain of the same error on appeal. State v. Ellison, 172 Wn. App. 710, 715, 291 P.3d
921 (2013) (quoting State v. Pam, 101 Wn.2d 507, 511,680 P.2d 762 (1984)), review
denied, 180 Wn.2d 1014,327 P.3d 55 (2014). In Ellison, the court held that the invited
error doctrine prohibited Mr. Ellison from challenging a fact stipulated to at trial. Id. at
716. Mr. Ellison signed an agreement stipulating that the court could consider the facts as
true and correct and proved beyond a reasonable doubt./d. After submitting his case for
trial on stipulated facts, the trial court convicted Mr. Ellison of the crime charged. Id. at
714. On appeal, Mr. Ellison contended that the evidence was insufficient to support the
trial court's finding that police were responding to a domestic violence call, a fact
stipulated to by Mr. Ellison. Id. at 715. The appeals court rejected Mr. Ellison's
No. 31419-7-111 State v. Amezola
argument, holding that irrespective of whether the State presented adequate evidence, Mr.
Ellison was bound by his stipulation and the invited error doctrine barred him from
challenging the stipulated fact. Id. at 716.
Like in Ellison, Mr. Amezola cannot complain that a fact that he stipulated to is
not supported by the evidence. Prior to the bench trial, Mr. Amezola presented stipulated
facts to the trial court and asked the trial court to make a determination. Stipulated fact
27 stated, "The white crystal material was tested and found to contain methamphetamine,
a controlled substance." Clerk's Papers at 20. No argument or other evidence was
presented other than the stipulated facts. Mr. Amezola stipulated that the substance was
found to contain methamphetamine; the invited error doctrine prohibits him from
challenging this fact on appeal.
Stipulated fact 27 provides evidence that methamphetamine was the controlled
substance found in the car Mr. Amezola was driving. Because Mr. Amezola stipulated to
the fact that the substance was methamphetamine, we decline to address his argument
based on Colquitt. Sufficient evidence supports Mr. Amezola's conviction for possession
of a controlled substance.
No. 31419-7-111 State v. A mezola
SuUiciency ofEvidence-A lien in Possession ora Firearm. Mr. Amezola contends
that the State failed to prove the possession element of his conviction for alien in
possession of a firearm without a license.
A person is guilty of possessing a firearm without an alien firearm license if the
person carries or possesses any firearm, is not a lawful permanent resident, and has not
obtained a valid firearm license. RCW 9.41.171.
Possession of a firearm may be actual or constructive. State v. Echeverria, 85 Wn.
App. 777, 783, 934 P.2d 1214 (1997). Actual possession occurs when the firearm is in
the personal custody of the person charged. State v. Staley, 123 Wn.2d 794, 798, 872
P.2d 502 (1994) (quoting State v. Callahan, 77 Wn.2d 27, 29, 459 P.2d 400 (1969)).
"[C]onstructive possession can be established by showiQ.g the defendant had dominion
and control over the firearm or over the premises where the firearm was found."
Echeverria, 85 Wn. App. at 783.
In establishing dominion and control over the premises, the totality of the
circumstances must be considered and no single factor is dispositive. State v. Alvarez,
105 Wn. App. 215, 221, 19 P.3d 485 (2001). "The ability to reduce an object to actual
possession is an aspect of dominion and control." Echeverria, 85 Wn. App. at 783.
However, it is not enough that the object is in close proximity to the person charged.
State v. Mathews, 4 Wn. App. 653, 656, 484 P.2d 942 (1971).
A vehicle is a premises for purposes of determining possession. Id. An
individual's sole occupancy of the vehicle and possession of the vehicle's keys
sufficiently supports a finding that the defendant had dominion and control over the
vehicle's contents. State v. Potts, 1 Wn. App. 614, 616, 464 P.2d 742 (1969).
Sufficient evidence shows that Mr. Amezola had constructive possession of the
firearm. The firearm was in the passenger compartment of the car he was driving. It was
located behind the passenger seat of the car, within Mr. Amezola's ability to reduce the
firearm to actual possession. There were no passengers in the car. The ignition ofthe car
was punched out, and the license plates did not match the car or each other. While Mr.
Amezola said that he borrowed the car from a friend, he failed to provide identifYing
information that would have allowed the officer to locate this friend. This evidence is
sufficient for a rational trier of fact to find beyond a reasonable doubt that Mr. Amezola
was in constructive possession of the firearm.
No.31419-7-III State v. Amezola
Imposition ora $600 Domestic Violence Penalty Assessment. Mr. Amezola
contests the imposition of a $600 domestic violence penalty assessment.
For any person convicted of a crime involving domestic violence, a court may
impose a penalty assessment not to exceed $100. RCW 10.99.080(1).
In assessing fees during the sentencing phase of the bench trial, the trial court
stated that it was imposing a $500 crime victim's assessment, a $1,000 fine, a $100 felony
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) collection fee, a $600 court-appointed attorney fee, and
additional court costs in the amount of $260. The court did not mention a domestic
violence penalty assessment. However, the domestic violence penalty was included in the
written judgment and sentence.
The domestic violence penalty is not warranted. Mr. Amezola was not convicted
of a crime of domestic violence. The State admits that the imposition of the domestic
violence penalty assessment was likely a scrivener's error. While the trial court informed
Mr. Amezola that it was imposing a $600 court-appointed attorney fee, it did not mention
a domestic violence assessment fee. The remedy for clerical or scrivener's errors in
judgment and sentence forms is to remand to the trial court for correction. In re Pers.
Restraint ofMayer, 128 Wn. App. 694, 70 I, 117 P.3d 353 (2005).
No.3l4l9-7-II1 State v. Amezola
We afftnn the convictions, but remand the judgment and sentence to the trial court
to remove the $600 domestic violence penalty assessment.
A majority of the panel has detennined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Lawrence-Berrey, J.
WE CONCUR:
lO