This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-1376 A15-1377
State of Minnesota, Appellant,
vs.
Daniel Alvin Hennen, Respondent.
Filed April 11, 2016 Affirmed Reilly, Judge
Scott County District Court File Nos. 70-CR-14-20898, 70-2002-11575
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Ronald Hocevar, Scott County Attorney, Todd P. Zettler, Assistant County Attorney, Shakopee, Minnesota (for appellant)
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Frank Richard Gallo, Assistant Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Peterson, Presiding Judge; Reilly, Judge; and Jesson,
Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
REILLY, Judge
Appellant challenges respondent’s sentences on his conviction of second-degree
criminal sexual conduct and two convictions of first-degree criminal sexual conduct. Appellant argues that the district court abused its discretion by imposing concurrent
sentences and by imposing the presumptive guideline sentence on the conviction of first-
degree criminal sexual conduct that was sentenced last. Because the district court did not
abuse its discretion when sentencing respondent, we affirm.
FACTS
In 2003, respondent Daniel Alvin Hennen pleaded guilty to first-degree criminal
sexual conduct and admitted to sexually penetrating V.M.A. in 1996 or 1997 when she was
under the age of 13. He also entered Alford pleas to first-degree criminal sexual conduct
for sexually penetrating C.M.H. and to second-degree criminal sexual conduct for engaging
in sexual contact with K.M.H. in 2001 when both girls were under the age of 16. Hennen
previously operated a foster home with his wife and had served as a foster parent to the
three girls. The district court imposed consecutive sentences for the crimes. Hennen was
committed for 96 months for the crime against V.M.A. Execution of a 144-month
commitment for the crime against C.M.H. was stayed, and Hennen was placed on probation
for 30 years beginning upon completion of his executed sentence. Execution of a 78-month
commitment for the crime against K.M.H. was also stayed, and Hennen was placed on
probation for an additional 25 years. The sentence of 78 months was later amended to 88
months to reflect a corrected criminal-history score.
R.E.F., another former foster daughter, later came forward with allegations that she
also was sexually abused by Hennen. In 2015, Hennen pleaded guilty to first-degree
criminal sexual conduct and admitted to sexually penetrating R.E.F. in 1994 or 1995 when
she was under the age of 13. He waived his right to a hearing on aggravated-sentencing
2 factors. He also admitted that he had violated the terms of his probation by having
unsupervised contact with at least one juvenile female and by viewing pornography. At
the sentencing and probation-violation-disposition hearing, appellant State of Minnesota
requested an upward-durational-departure sentence of 302 months for the crime against
R.E.F. and execution of Hennen’s previously stayed sentences. Hennen requested a
downward-departure sentence and continuation of probation. The district court recognized
that several aggravated-sentencing factors existed but imposed the presumptive sentence
under the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines and committed Hennen for 146 months for the
crime against R.E.F. The district court also executed the previously stayed sentences and
ordered that all three sentences be served concurrently.
This appeal follows.
DECISION
An appellate court “may review [a] sentence imposed or stayed to determine
whether the sentence is inconsistent with statutory requirements, unreasonable,
inappropriate, excessive, unjustifiably disparate, or not warranted by the findings of fact
issued by the district court.” Minn. Stat. § 244.11, subd. 2(b) (2014). Appellate courts
“afford the [district] court great discretion in the imposition of sentences and reverse
sentencing decisions only for an abuse of that discretion.” State v. Soto, 855 N.W.2d 303,
307-08 (Minn. 2014) (quotation omitted). “A court abuses its discretion when its decision
is based on an erroneous view of the law or is against logic and the facts in the record.”
Ouk v. State, 847 N.W.2d 698, 701 (Minn. 2014) (quotation omitted).
3 I.
The state first argues that the district court abused its discretion by ordering that
Hennen’s three sentences be served concurrently rather than consecutively. Consecutive
sentencing for the crimes against C.M.H., K.M.H., and R.E.F. was permissive. See Minn.
Sent. Guidelines II.F (2000) (“Multiple current felony convictions for crimes against
persons may be sentenced consecutively to each other[.]” (emphasis added)); Minn. Sent.
Guidelines II.F (1994) (stating that a consecutive sentence “may be given . . . [w]hen a
prior felony sentence for a crime against a person has not expired or been discharged and
. . . the current felony conviction[] is for a crime against a person, and when the sentence
for the . . . current conviction is executed according to the guidelines” (emphasis added)).
The state concedes that the imposition of concurrent sentences was not a departure from
the sentencing guidelines. And the district court, in executing the previously stayed
consecutive sentences, had discretion to modify the sentences to run concurrently. See
State v. Hockensmith, 417 N.W.2d 630, 632-33 (Minn. 1988) (stating that district court
executing previously stayed consecutive sentences has discretion to modify sentences to
run concurrently).
The state contends that concurrent sentencing is “not commensurate with Hennen’s
culpability and understate[s] his criminality.” The state compares this case to State v.
Warren, where the supreme court declared:
In cases where the state challenges the trial court’s imposition of concurrent sentences for multiple convictions of first degree murder involving more than one victim, we will consider whether the sentences are commensurate with the defendant’s culpability and not an understatement of the defendant’s
4 criminality and we will continue to be guided by the sentences imposed on other offenders.
592 N.W.2d 440, 451-52 (Minn. 1999) (concluding that district court abused discretion by
imposing concurrent sentences on three convictions of first-degree murder). We note that
Warren involved multiple convictions of first-degree murder, which “is the most serious
offense of which a defendant can be convicted in Minnesota.” See Carlton v. State, 816
N.W.2d 590, 610 (Minn. 2012). We have found no other Minnesota case reversing
concurrent sentencing when consecutive sentencing was permissive.
We recognize the depravity, severity, and the reprehensibility of Hennen’s offenses
against vulnerable children entrusted to his care. And we acknowledge that we have
previously indicated that consecutive sentencing is appropriate in cases involving multiple
crimes of criminal sexual conduct against multiple victims. See, e.g., State v.
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This opinion will be unpublished and may not be cited except as provided by Minn. Stat. § 480A.08, subd. 3 (2014).
STATE OF MINNESOTA IN COURT OF APPEALS A15-1376 A15-1377
State of Minnesota, Appellant,
vs.
Daniel Alvin Hennen, Respondent.
Filed April 11, 2016 Affirmed Reilly, Judge
Scott County District Court File Nos. 70-CR-14-20898, 70-2002-11575
Lori Swanson, Attorney General, St. Paul, Minnesota; and
Ronald Hocevar, Scott County Attorney, Todd P. Zettler, Assistant County Attorney, Shakopee, Minnesota (for appellant)
Cathryn Middlebrook, Chief Appellate Public Defender, Frank Richard Gallo, Assistant Public Defender, St. Paul, Minnesota (for respondent)
Considered and decided by Peterson, Presiding Judge; Reilly, Judge; and Jesson,
Judge.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
REILLY, Judge
Appellant challenges respondent’s sentences on his conviction of second-degree
criminal sexual conduct and two convictions of first-degree criminal sexual conduct. Appellant argues that the district court abused its discretion by imposing concurrent
sentences and by imposing the presumptive guideline sentence on the conviction of first-
degree criminal sexual conduct that was sentenced last. Because the district court did not
abuse its discretion when sentencing respondent, we affirm.
FACTS
In 2003, respondent Daniel Alvin Hennen pleaded guilty to first-degree criminal
sexual conduct and admitted to sexually penetrating V.M.A. in 1996 or 1997 when she was
under the age of 13. He also entered Alford pleas to first-degree criminal sexual conduct
for sexually penetrating C.M.H. and to second-degree criminal sexual conduct for engaging
in sexual contact with K.M.H. in 2001 when both girls were under the age of 16. Hennen
previously operated a foster home with his wife and had served as a foster parent to the
three girls. The district court imposed consecutive sentences for the crimes. Hennen was
committed for 96 months for the crime against V.M.A. Execution of a 144-month
commitment for the crime against C.M.H. was stayed, and Hennen was placed on probation
for 30 years beginning upon completion of his executed sentence. Execution of a 78-month
commitment for the crime against K.M.H. was also stayed, and Hennen was placed on
probation for an additional 25 years. The sentence of 78 months was later amended to 88
months to reflect a corrected criminal-history score.
R.E.F., another former foster daughter, later came forward with allegations that she
also was sexually abused by Hennen. In 2015, Hennen pleaded guilty to first-degree
criminal sexual conduct and admitted to sexually penetrating R.E.F. in 1994 or 1995 when
she was under the age of 13. He waived his right to a hearing on aggravated-sentencing
2 factors. He also admitted that he had violated the terms of his probation by having
unsupervised contact with at least one juvenile female and by viewing pornography. At
the sentencing and probation-violation-disposition hearing, appellant State of Minnesota
requested an upward-durational-departure sentence of 302 months for the crime against
R.E.F. and execution of Hennen’s previously stayed sentences. Hennen requested a
downward-departure sentence and continuation of probation. The district court recognized
that several aggravated-sentencing factors existed but imposed the presumptive sentence
under the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines and committed Hennen for 146 months for the
crime against R.E.F. The district court also executed the previously stayed sentences and
ordered that all three sentences be served concurrently.
This appeal follows.
DECISION
An appellate court “may review [a] sentence imposed or stayed to determine
whether the sentence is inconsistent with statutory requirements, unreasonable,
inappropriate, excessive, unjustifiably disparate, or not warranted by the findings of fact
issued by the district court.” Minn. Stat. § 244.11, subd. 2(b) (2014). Appellate courts
“afford the [district] court great discretion in the imposition of sentences and reverse
sentencing decisions only for an abuse of that discretion.” State v. Soto, 855 N.W.2d 303,
307-08 (Minn. 2014) (quotation omitted). “A court abuses its discretion when its decision
is based on an erroneous view of the law or is against logic and the facts in the record.”
Ouk v. State, 847 N.W.2d 698, 701 (Minn. 2014) (quotation omitted).
3 I.
The state first argues that the district court abused its discretion by ordering that
Hennen’s three sentences be served concurrently rather than consecutively. Consecutive
sentencing for the crimes against C.M.H., K.M.H., and R.E.F. was permissive. See Minn.
Sent. Guidelines II.F (2000) (“Multiple current felony convictions for crimes against
persons may be sentenced consecutively to each other[.]” (emphasis added)); Minn. Sent.
Guidelines II.F (1994) (stating that a consecutive sentence “may be given . . . [w]hen a
prior felony sentence for a crime against a person has not expired or been discharged and
. . . the current felony conviction[] is for a crime against a person, and when the sentence
for the . . . current conviction is executed according to the guidelines” (emphasis added)).
The state concedes that the imposition of concurrent sentences was not a departure from
the sentencing guidelines. And the district court, in executing the previously stayed
consecutive sentences, had discretion to modify the sentences to run concurrently. See
State v. Hockensmith, 417 N.W.2d 630, 632-33 (Minn. 1988) (stating that district court
executing previously stayed consecutive sentences has discretion to modify sentences to
run concurrently).
The state contends that concurrent sentencing is “not commensurate with Hennen’s
culpability and understate[s] his criminality.” The state compares this case to State v.
Warren, where the supreme court declared:
In cases where the state challenges the trial court’s imposition of concurrent sentences for multiple convictions of first degree murder involving more than one victim, we will consider whether the sentences are commensurate with the defendant’s culpability and not an understatement of the defendant’s
4 criminality and we will continue to be guided by the sentences imposed on other offenders.
592 N.W.2d 440, 451-52 (Minn. 1999) (concluding that district court abused discretion by
imposing concurrent sentences on three convictions of first-degree murder). We note that
Warren involved multiple convictions of first-degree murder, which “is the most serious
offense of which a defendant can be convicted in Minnesota.” See Carlton v. State, 816
N.W.2d 590, 610 (Minn. 2012). We have found no other Minnesota case reversing
concurrent sentencing when consecutive sentencing was permissive.
We recognize the depravity, severity, and the reprehensibility of Hennen’s offenses
against vulnerable children entrusted to his care. And we acknowledge that we have
previously indicated that consecutive sentencing is appropriate in cases involving multiple
crimes of criminal sexual conduct against multiple victims. See, e.g., State v. Cermak, 442
N.W.2d 822, 824 (Minn. App. 1989) (“To sentence [appellant] consecutively [on five
convictions of first-degree criminal sexual conduct involving five victims] does not
exaggerate the criminality of his offense. To the contrary, a concurrent sentence in this
instance would seem to do the opposite.”). But we also afford district courts broad
discretion to determine whether to impose concurrent or consecutive sentences when
consecutive sentencing is permissive under the sentencing guidelines. See, e.g., State v.
Vang, 847 N.W.2d 248, 264 (Minn. 2014) (“Consecutive sentencing of multiple felonies
with multiple victims is permissive and within the broad discretion of the district court.”
(quotation omitted)); Massey v. State, 352 N.W.2d 487, 489 (Minn. App. 1984) (“When
both consecutive and concurrent sentencing options are authorized by the Sentencing
5 Guidelines, compelling circumstances must be shown before the trial court’s decision will
be reversed.”), review denied (Minn. Oct. 16, 1984). In this case, Hennen completed one
executed sentence for his sexual conduct, his sentences for the crimes against C.M.H. and
K.M.H. were originally stayed, and he has had only one probation violation. The offense
for which he was most recently sentenced predated the offenses for which he was sentenced
more than a decade ago. The record of the sentencing hearing reflects that the district court
was apprised of the circumstances of this case and determined that concurrent sentencing
was appropriate. On this record, we conclude that the district court did not abuse its broad
discretion by imposing concurrent sentences.
II.
The state also argues that the district court abused its discretion by declining to
impose an upward-durational-departure sentence for the crime against R.E.F. “The
sentences provided in the Sentencing Guidelines Grid are presumed to be appropriate for
every case.” Minn. Sent. Guidelines II.D (1994). “The judge shall utilize the presumptive
sentence provided in the sentencing guidelines unless the individual case involves
substantial and compelling circumstances.” Id.; see also Taylor v. State, 670 N.W.2d 584,
587 (Minn. 2003) (“Substantial and compelling circumstances are those circumstances that
make the facts of a particular case different from a typical case.” (quotation omitted)).
“When such circumstances are present, the judge may depart from the presumptive
sentence . . . .” Minn. Sent. Guidelines II.D (1994) (emphasis added). But a district court
is not required to depart if circumstances that would support departure exist. See, e.g.,
State v. Jackson, 749 N.W.2d 353, 360 (Minn. 2008) (“If a jury finds facts that support a
6 departure from the presumptive sentence, the court may exercise discretion to depart but is
not required to depart.”).
An appellate court “generally will not interfere with a sentencing court’s decision
to impose a term within the presumptive sentence range.” State v. Kangbateh, 868 N.W.2d
10, 14 (Minn. 2015); see also State v. Bertsch, 707 N.W.2d 660, 668 (Minn. 2006) (stating
that appellate courts “will not ordinarily interfere with a sentence falling within the
presumptive sentence range, either dispositionally or durationally, even if there are grounds
that would justify departure” (quotation omitted)); State v. Delk, 781 N.W.2d 426, 428
(Minn. App. 2010) (“Presumptive sentences are seldom overturned.” (quotation omitted)),
review denied (Minn. July 20, 2010). The supreme court has stated that “it would be a rare
case which would warrant reversal of the refusal to depart.” State v. Kindem, 313 N.W.2d
6, 7 (Minn. 1981).
When sentencing Hennen for the crime against R.E.F., the district court explicitly
considered several relevant aggravated-sentencing factors, including that “the crime was
committed in the victim’s zone of privacy,” “[t]he victim was particularly vulnerable,”
“Hennen enjoyed a position of trust,” “[t]he victim was treated with particular cruelty [in
that Hennen] ejaculated in her mouth,” “[t]he victim has suffered permanent psychological
injury,” “[t]he crime involved unusual planning and sophistication,” and “[m]ultiple acts
and variety of acts.” The district court decided to impose the presumptive guideline
sentence despite these factors. “We will affirm the imposition of a presumptive guidelines
sentence when the record shows that the sentencing court carefully evaluated all the
testimony and information presented before making a determination.” State v. Johnson,
7 831 N.W.2d 917, 925 (Minn. App. 2013) (quotation omitted), review denied (Minn.
Sept. 17, 2013). Because the record of the sentencing hearing reflects that the district court
did carefully consider all of the circumstances of this case before sentencing Hennen for
the crime against R.E.F., we conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion by
imposing the presumptive guideline sentence.
Affirmed.