MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions Decision: 2021 ME 56 Docket: Yor-20-246 Submitted On Briefs: October 20, 2021 Decided: November 9, 2021
Panel: STANFILL, C.J., and MEAD, GORMAN, JABAR, HUMPHREY, HORTON, and CONNORS, JJ.
STATE OF MAINE
v.
CHRISTOPHER N. BILYNSKY
MEAD, J.
[¶1] Christopher Bilynsky appeals from a judgment of conviction of
violation of condition of release (Class C), 15 M.R.S. § 1092(1)(B) (2021),
entered in the trial court (York County, D. Driscoll, J.) following a jury trial.1
Bilynsky contends that the court erred in (1) informing the jury of a joint
stipulation of facts when the stipulation was signed by his counsel but not him
personally and (2) its instructions to the jury. He also contends that the
evidence at trial was insufficient to support the jury’s finding. We affirm the
judgment.
1 We have considered Bilynsky's motion for oral argument, and deny the motion. 2
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] On June 22, 2018, the York County Unified Criminal Docket Court
set preconviction bail for Bilynsky for a crime punishable by a maximum period
of imprisonment of one year or more with the special condition of “no contact,
direct or indirect,” with the alleged victim. See 15 M.R.S. §§ 1026(1)(B),
(3)(A)(5) (2018).2 On July 31, 2018, Bilynsky was an inmate in the York County
Jail under those bail conditions when he attended a church service held within
the jail. The named victim of Bilynsky’s underlying offense was also
incarcerated in the York County Jail and also attended the July 31, 2018, jail
church service. Bilynsky, through gestures and words, made contact with the
named victim at the church service.
[¶3] Bilynsky was indicted, and a jury trial was held on March 26, 2019.
During an in-chambers conference before the trial, a stipulation of undisputed
facts was discussed and the attorneys for the State and defense agreed that the
stipulation would be read to the jury during the trial. Bilynsky’s attorney
informed the presiding judge that the final version of the stipulation was not
yet signed because he wanted to review it with Bilynsky. At some point off the
2 Title 15 M.R.S. § 1026(3)(A) has since been amended, most recently by P.L. 2021, ch. 397, §§ 2, 3, 4 (effective Oct. 18, 2021) (codified at 15 M.R.S. §§ 1026(3)(A)(9-A), (B-1)(1)-(6) (2021)). 3
record, the stipulation was signed by Bilynsky’s attorney and was submitted to
the trial court. The stipulation stated:
The following is stipulated to by the State and the Defense and shall be entered as part of the evidence in the above captioned matter.
....
2. On or about July 31, 2018, Christopher Bilynsky was on pre-conviction bail for a crime punishable by a maximum period of imprisonment of one year or more;
3. As part of the pre-conviction bail, there was a condition of no contact with [the named victim];
4. [The named victim] was the victim of the alleged crime that Christopher Bilynsky was on bail for;
5. Christopher Bilynsky received notice of these bail conditions by a judge on June 22, 2018.
The stipulation was read to the jury after both parties completed their opening
statements. Following trial, the jury found Bilynsky guilty. After holding a
sentencing hearing on August 14, 2019, the court entered a judgment on the
verdict and sentenced Bilynsky to forty-eight months of incarceration. Bilynsky
timely filed a Rule 35 motion for a correction or reduction of his sentence. See
M.R.U. Crim. P. 35. A Rule 35 hearing was held virtually on August 26, 2020, 4
where, following arguments, the court denied the motion. Bilynsky timely filed
a notice of appeal.3 See M.R. App. P. 2B(b)(2)(D).
II. DISCUSSION
A. Stipulation of Facts
[¶4] Bilynsky contends that he never agreed to the stipulation—or the
facts it contained—which encompassed nearly every element the State was
required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Because Bilynsky failed to object
or otherwise challenge the admission or reference to the stipulated facts at trial,
we review his challenge for obvious error. See State v Lovejoy, 2014 ME 48,
¶ 19, 89 A.3d 1066. To vacate a conviction based on obvious error, “there must
be (1) an error, (2) that is plain, and (3) that affects substantial rights.” Id.
(quotation marks omitted). When those conditions are met, “we will exercise
our discretion to notice an unpreserved error only if we also conclude that
(4) the error seriously affects the fairness and integrity or public reputation of
judicial proceedings.” Id. (quotation marks omitted).
3Bilynsky’s appeal was initially docketed in error as a discretionary appeal from only the denial of his Rule 35 motion. See M.R. App. P. 19(a)(2)(A). On May 11, 2021, we issued an order permitting Bilynsky to brief his appeal from the judgment of conviction because his notice of appeal was timely and effective to challenge the conviction. M.R. App. P. 2B(b)(2)(D) (extending the time to file an appeal in a criminal case by the timely filing of certain motions). 5
[¶5] “The best practice for parties wishing to enter into a stipulation is
to either file a written stipulation signed by the parties or their attorneys or
orally enter the stipulation on the record.” Potter v. Great Falls Ins. Co.,
2020 ME 144, ¶ 10 n.4, 243 A.3d 1188. Here, a written stipulation signed by
both attorneys was filed with the court. Additionally, the record demonstrates
that the stipulation was discussed, read, or referenced at least seven times in
Bilynsky’s presence during the trial, including by his admissions to its stated
facts in his own opening and closing arguments. At no time did Bilynsky or his
attorney object to the stipulation or any of its facts at trial. Although Bilynsky
now argues that the judge should have conducted the equivalent of a
M.R.U. Crim. P. 11 colloquy with him on the record to confirm that he agreed to
the contents of the stipulation, he fails to offer any authority mandating such a
colloquy. Because the stipulation of facts was signed by both attorneys and was
filed with the court, the trial court committed no error, and certainly no plain
error, that affected Bilynsky’s substantial rights by reading the stipulation to
the jury.
B. Jury Instructions
[¶6] Bilynsky next contends the trial court erroneously omitted essential
elements of the charge of violation of condition of release, 15 M.R.S. 6
§ 1092(1)(B), when it did not instruct the jury as to the required contents of a
release order as set out in 15 M.R.S. § 1026(5) (2018).4 If a defendant
affirmatively agrees to the instructions provided to the jury, the defendant
waives the ability to challenge them on appeal. State v. McLaughlin,
2020 ME 82, ¶ 25, 235 A.3d 854.
[¶7] Like the defendant in McLaughlin, at trial Bilynsky “neither
requested a jury instruction” on the required contents of a release order “nor
objected to the jury instructions that were given, even though he had multiple
opportunities to do so.” Id. Consequently, he has waived any challenge to the
absence of that instruction on appeal. See id. Furthermore, a review of the trial
court’s oral instructions shows that they “fairly and accurately informed the
jury of all necessary elements of the governing law” as well as the State’s burden
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MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions Decision: 2021 ME 56 Docket: Yor-20-246 Submitted On Briefs: October 20, 2021 Decided: November 9, 2021
Panel: STANFILL, C.J., and MEAD, GORMAN, JABAR, HUMPHREY, HORTON, and CONNORS, JJ.
STATE OF MAINE
v.
CHRISTOPHER N. BILYNSKY
MEAD, J.
[¶1] Christopher Bilynsky appeals from a judgment of conviction of
violation of condition of release (Class C), 15 M.R.S. § 1092(1)(B) (2021),
entered in the trial court (York County, D. Driscoll, J.) following a jury trial.1
Bilynsky contends that the court erred in (1) informing the jury of a joint
stipulation of facts when the stipulation was signed by his counsel but not him
personally and (2) its instructions to the jury. He also contends that the
evidence at trial was insufficient to support the jury’s finding. We affirm the
judgment.
1 We have considered Bilynsky's motion for oral argument, and deny the motion. 2
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] On June 22, 2018, the York County Unified Criminal Docket Court
set preconviction bail for Bilynsky for a crime punishable by a maximum period
of imprisonment of one year or more with the special condition of “no contact,
direct or indirect,” with the alleged victim. See 15 M.R.S. §§ 1026(1)(B),
(3)(A)(5) (2018).2 On July 31, 2018, Bilynsky was an inmate in the York County
Jail under those bail conditions when he attended a church service held within
the jail. The named victim of Bilynsky’s underlying offense was also
incarcerated in the York County Jail and also attended the July 31, 2018, jail
church service. Bilynsky, through gestures and words, made contact with the
named victim at the church service.
[¶3] Bilynsky was indicted, and a jury trial was held on March 26, 2019.
During an in-chambers conference before the trial, a stipulation of undisputed
facts was discussed and the attorneys for the State and defense agreed that the
stipulation would be read to the jury during the trial. Bilynsky’s attorney
informed the presiding judge that the final version of the stipulation was not
yet signed because he wanted to review it with Bilynsky. At some point off the
2 Title 15 M.R.S. § 1026(3)(A) has since been amended, most recently by P.L. 2021, ch. 397, §§ 2, 3, 4 (effective Oct. 18, 2021) (codified at 15 M.R.S. §§ 1026(3)(A)(9-A), (B-1)(1)-(6) (2021)). 3
record, the stipulation was signed by Bilynsky’s attorney and was submitted to
the trial court. The stipulation stated:
The following is stipulated to by the State and the Defense and shall be entered as part of the evidence in the above captioned matter.
....
2. On or about July 31, 2018, Christopher Bilynsky was on pre-conviction bail for a crime punishable by a maximum period of imprisonment of one year or more;
3. As part of the pre-conviction bail, there was a condition of no contact with [the named victim];
4. [The named victim] was the victim of the alleged crime that Christopher Bilynsky was on bail for;
5. Christopher Bilynsky received notice of these bail conditions by a judge on June 22, 2018.
The stipulation was read to the jury after both parties completed their opening
statements. Following trial, the jury found Bilynsky guilty. After holding a
sentencing hearing on August 14, 2019, the court entered a judgment on the
verdict and sentenced Bilynsky to forty-eight months of incarceration. Bilynsky
timely filed a Rule 35 motion for a correction or reduction of his sentence. See
M.R.U. Crim. P. 35. A Rule 35 hearing was held virtually on August 26, 2020, 4
where, following arguments, the court denied the motion. Bilynsky timely filed
a notice of appeal.3 See M.R. App. P. 2B(b)(2)(D).
II. DISCUSSION
A. Stipulation of Facts
[¶4] Bilynsky contends that he never agreed to the stipulation—or the
facts it contained—which encompassed nearly every element the State was
required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Because Bilynsky failed to object
or otherwise challenge the admission or reference to the stipulated facts at trial,
we review his challenge for obvious error. See State v Lovejoy, 2014 ME 48,
¶ 19, 89 A.3d 1066. To vacate a conviction based on obvious error, “there must
be (1) an error, (2) that is plain, and (3) that affects substantial rights.” Id.
(quotation marks omitted). When those conditions are met, “we will exercise
our discretion to notice an unpreserved error only if we also conclude that
(4) the error seriously affects the fairness and integrity or public reputation of
judicial proceedings.” Id. (quotation marks omitted).
3Bilynsky’s appeal was initially docketed in error as a discretionary appeal from only the denial of his Rule 35 motion. See M.R. App. P. 19(a)(2)(A). On May 11, 2021, we issued an order permitting Bilynsky to brief his appeal from the judgment of conviction because his notice of appeal was timely and effective to challenge the conviction. M.R. App. P. 2B(b)(2)(D) (extending the time to file an appeal in a criminal case by the timely filing of certain motions). 5
[¶5] “The best practice for parties wishing to enter into a stipulation is
to either file a written stipulation signed by the parties or their attorneys or
orally enter the stipulation on the record.” Potter v. Great Falls Ins. Co.,
2020 ME 144, ¶ 10 n.4, 243 A.3d 1188. Here, a written stipulation signed by
both attorneys was filed with the court. Additionally, the record demonstrates
that the stipulation was discussed, read, or referenced at least seven times in
Bilynsky’s presence during the trial, including by his admissions to its stated
facts in his own opening and closing arguments. At no time did Bilynsky or his
attorney object to the stipulation or any of its facts at trial. Although Bilynsky
now argues that the judge should have conducted the equivalent of a
M.R.U. Crim. P. 11 colloquy with him on the record to confirm that he agreed to
the contents of the stipulation, he fails to offer any authority mandating such a
colloquy. Because the stipulation of facts was signed by both attorneys and was
filed with the court, the trial court committed no error, and certainly no plain
error, that affected Bilynsky’s substantial rights by reading the stipulation to
the jury.
B. Jury Instructions
[¶6] Bilynsky next contends the trial court erroneously omitted essential
elements of the charge of violation of condition of release, 15 M.R.S. 6
§ 1092(1)(B), when it did not instruct the jury as to the required contents of a
release order as set out in 15 M.R.S. § 1026(5) (2018).4 If a defendant
affirmatively agrees to the instructions provided to the jury, the defendant
waives the ability to challenge them on appeal. State v. McLaughlin,
2020 ME 82, ¶ 25, 235 A.3d 854.
[¶7] Like the defendant in McLaughlin, at trial Bilynsky “neither
requested a jury instruction” on the required contents of a release order “nor
objected to the jury instructions that were given, even though he had multiple
opportunities to do so.” Id. Consequently, he has waived any challenge to the
absence of that instruction on appeal. See id. Furthermore, a review of the trial
court’s oral instructions shows that they “fairly and accurately informed the
jury of all necessary elements of the governing law” as well as the State’s burden
of proof necessary for the jury to find Bilynsky guilty of violation of condition
of release pursuant to 15 M.R.S. § 1092(1)(B). State v. Lajoie, 2017 ME 8, ¶ 18,
154 A.3d 132.
C. Jury Findings
[¶8] Bilynsky also contends that there was insufficient evidence
presented at trial for a jury to find him guilty of the Class C offense of violation
Title 15 M.R.S. § 1026(5) has since been amended. P.L. 2021, ch. 397, § 6 (effective Oct. 18, 2021) 4
(codified at 15 M.R.S. § 1026(5)(A)(1)-(2) (2021)). 7
of condition of release. “When a defendant challenges the sufficiency of the
evidence supporting a conviction, we determine, viewing the evidence in the
light most favorable to the State, whether a trier of fact rationally could find
beyond a reasonable doubt every element of the offense charged.” State v.
Dorweiler, 2016 ME 73, ¶ 6, 143 A.3d 114 (quotation marks omitted).
[¶9] To prove that a person committed a Class C violation of condition of
release, the State must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that (1) a person has
been granted preconviction or postconviction bail; (2) that person violated a
condition of release; (3) the underlying crime was punishable by a maximum
period of imprisonment of one year or more; and (4) the condition of release
violated is one specified in a specific subsection of section 1026, such as “avoid
all contact with a victim of the alleged crime.” 15 M.R.S. § 1026(3)(A)(5)
(2018); see 15 M.R.S. §1092(1)(B). As previously discussed, a stipulation of
facts agreed to by Bilynsky and the State was read to the jury during trial. Thus,
Bilynsky stipulated that (1) he was on preconviction bail on July 31, 2018;
(2) the underlying crime for his preconviction bail was a crime punishable by a
maximum period of imprisonment of one year or more; (3) a condition of his
preconviction bail was that he would have no contact with the named victim;
and (4) the named victim was the same victim of the crime for which Bilynsky 8
was on bail. Bilynsky’s attorney stated in his closing, “We agree, as the defense
and as the prosecution, that those facts, those stipulations are true and that we
need—neither side go any further to prove to you that those conditions existed.
Okay? We are agreeing to that.”
[¶10] “Where a defendant stipulates to an element of the crime, the State
is relieved of the burden of introducing evidence other than the stipulation
itself to prove that element.” State v. Ouellette, 2019 ME 75, ¶ 12, 208 A.3d 399
(quotation marks omitted). Because Bilynsky and the State stipulated to every
element of the crime except that Bilynsky had contact with the victim of his
crime, the State’s only remaining burden was proving beyond a reasonable
doubt that Bilynsky had contact with his victim. See id.; 15 M.R.S. §1092(1)(B).
At trial, the jurors watched a video of the alleged contact and also heard
testimony from the victim and a prison guard that Bilynsky made contact with
her. Based on this record and viewing the evidence in the light most favorable
to the State, we conclude the jury rationally could have found beyond a
reasonable doubt every element of the crime charged. See Dorweiler,
2016 ME 73, ¶ 6, 143 A.3d 114.
The entry is:
Judgment affirmed. 9
Lawrence C. Winger, Esq., Portland, for appellant Christopher N. Bilynsky
Kathryn Slattery, District Attorney, and Shira S. Burns, Asst. Dist. Atty., Prosecutorial District 1, Alfred, for appellee State of Maine
York County Unified Criminal Docket docket numbers CR-2018-577 & CR-2018-824 FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY