STATE OF LOUISIANA COURT OF APPEAL, THIRD CIRCUIT
12-167
STATE OF LOUISIANA
VERSUS
DONALD RUNNELS
**********
APPEAL FROM THE THIRTY-THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT PARISH OF ALLEN, NO. CR-2010-5578 HONORABLE JOEL GERARD DAVIS, DISTRICT JUDGE
MARC T. AMY JUDGE
Court composed of Sylvia R. Cooks, Marc T. Amy, and Phyllis M. Keaty, Judges.
CONVICTION AND SENTENCE FOR SIMPLE BURGLARY AFFIRMED. SENTENCE FOR THEFT LESS THAN $500.00 VACATED AND REMANDED FOR DISPOSITION.
Annette Fuller Roach Louisiana Appellate Project Post Office Box 1747 Lake Charles, LA 70602-1747 (337) 436-2900 COUNSEL FOR DEFENDANT/APPELLANT: Donald Runnels
H. Todd Nesom District Attorney Joe Green Assistant District Attorney Post Office Box 839 Oberlin, LA 70655 (337) 639-2641 COUNSEL FOR APPELLEE: State of Louisiana Donald Runnels Avoyelles Detention Center, Dorm C 675 Government Street Marksville, LA 70351 In Proper Person AMY, Judge.
The defendant was charged with simple burglary and theft less than $500.00. A
jury convicted the defendant of simple burglary. For the simple burglary charge, the
trial court sentenced the defendant to ten years at hard labor with three years
suspended. The trial court also imposed four years of supervised probation, with
conditions, and ordered the defendant to pay supervision and technology fees. For the
theft less than $500.00 charge, the trial court sentenced the defendant to six months in
the parish jail, to run concurrently with his simple burglary sentence. The defendant
now appeals. For the following reasons, we affirm the defendant’s sentence and
conviction for the simple burglary charge. We vacate the defendant’s sentence for the
theft less than $500.00 charge and remand the matter to the trial court.
Factual and Procedural Background
The defendant, Donald K. Runnels, was arrested after he was found to be in
possession of various cleaning supplies and a shovel that belonged to a Pizza Hut in
Oakdale, Louisiana. The State subsequently charged the defendant with simple
burglary, a violation of La.R.S. 14:62, and theft less than $500.00, a violation of
La.R.S. 14:67. A trial was held on the simple burglary count and a six-person jury
unanimously convicted the defendant of that charge.
Thereafter, the State filed a habitual offender bill of information, although the
habitual offender hearing was continued. Thus, the trial court imposed sentence on
the underlying offenses. With regard to the simple burglary conviction, the trial court
sentenced the defendant to ten years at hard labor, with three years suspended. The
trial court also sentenced the defendant to four years of supervised probation, with
conditions, and supervision and technology fees. With regard to the theft charge, the
trial court sentenced the defendant to six months in the parish jail, to run concurrently
with the sentence in his burglary conviction. The defendant appeals, asserting through counsel that the evidence was
insufficient to support his conviction. Additionally, the defendant has filed a pro se
brief asserting various errors.
Discussion
Prematurity
In his counseled brief, the defendant contends that this appeal is premature, as
his habitual offender proceeding is still pending. However, La.Code Crim.P. art.
912(C)(1) permits a defendant to appeal from a judgment which imposes a sentence.
Further, “[a]n appellate court therefore may not dismiss a timely and properly filed
appeal on the grounds that the district court may vacate sentence and resentence the
defendant on a pending multiple offender bill under La.R.S. 15:529.1.” State v.
Gilbert, 99-2338, p. 1 (La. 2/4/00), 758 So.2d 779, 779-80. Accordingly, we find that
this appeal is not premature.
Errors Patent
Pursuant to La.Code Crim.P. art. 920, all appeals are reviewed for errors patent
on the face of the record. A review of the record indicates that there is a misjoinder in
the bill of information. The bill of information charges the defendant with simple
burglary in violation of La.R.S. 14:62, which is a felony triable by jury, and theft less
than $500.00 in violation of La.R.S. 14:67(B)(3), which is a misdemeanor not triable
by jury. See La.Code Crim.P. arts. 779 and 782. Because the offenses are not triable
by the same mode of trial, they should not have been charged in the same bill of
information. See La.Code Crim.P. art. 493. However, the defendant waived that error
as he did not file a motion to quash the bill of information based on the misjoinder.
See La.Code Crim.P. art. 495. See State v. Anderson, 08-962 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/4/09),
2 So.3d 622, writ denied, 09-518 (La. 11/20/09), 25 So.3d 786.
2 Further, we note that the appellate review of misdemeanors is typically by way
of a writ of review rather than an appeal. La.Code Crim.P. art. 912.1. However, the
defendant’s brief addresses both the simple burglary charge and the theft less than
$500.00 charge. We therefore decline to sever the misdemeanor conviction and will
address it in the present appeal. See State v. Williams, 07-490 (La.App. 3 Cir.
10/31/07), 969 So.2d 744. Compare State v. Turner, 04-1250 (La.App. 3 Cir. 3/2/05),
896 So.2d 286 (wherein a panel of this court severed a defendant’s misdemeanor
conviction from his appeal on two felony counts as the defendant made no specific
arguments concerning the misdemeanor conviction), writ denied, 05-871
(La.12/12/05), 917 So.2d 1084.
With regard to the charge of theft less than $500.00, the trial court sentenced
the defendant to six months in the parish jail on that count. However, as pointed out
by the defendant in his brief, there is nothing in the record indicating that a verdict
was rendered either by the jury or by the trial court on this count. Therefore, the
defendant’s sentence for theft less than $500.00 is vacated. See La.Code Crim.P. arts.
871(A) and 934(3).
Further, La.Code Crim.P. art. 819 provides “[i]f there is more than one count in
an indictment, the jury must find a verdict as to each count, unless it cannot agree on a
verdict as to a count.” Although the defendant was charged with two counts—simple
burglary and theft less than $500.00—he proceeded to trial and was convicted of only
the simple burglary charge. Responding to an inquiry from this court, the Allen
Parish Clerk of Court averred that with regard to the theft less than $500.00 charge,
there is no transcript or minutes from a bench trial, nor is there a plea of guilty.
Therefore, the case is remanded for disposition of the defendant’s remaining charge.
See State v. Orbro, 10-1289 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/4/11), 64 So.3d 410 (citing State v.
3 Hypolite, 04-1658 (La.App. 3 Cir. 6/1/05), 903 So.2d 1275, writ denied, 06-618 (La.
9/22/06), 937 So.2d 381), writ denied, 11-1105 (La. 11/14/11), 75 So.3d 940.
Sufficiency of the Evidence
The defendant contends, both in his counseled brief and his pro se brief, that the
evidence is insufficient to support his conviction. He argues that the evidence is
insufficient to prove that he had specific intent to commit a theft. The defendant notes
that he presented evidence indicating that the items in question were not located in
Pizza Hut’s shed, but were next to the dumpster. He also contends that the State’s
failure to introduce photographs taken the day of the alleged offense is error.
An appellate court should address sufficiency of the evidence claims first. State
v. C.S.D., 08-877 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/4/09), 4 So.3d 204. The supreme court reiterated
the appellate review of sufficiency of the evidence claims in State v. Macon, 06-481,
pp. 7-8 (La. 6/1/07), 957 So.2d 1280, 1285-86, stating:
The standard of appellate review for a sufficiency of the evidence claim is whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 2789, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); State v. Mussall, 523 So.2d 1305 (La.1988). A determination of the weight of evidence is a question of fact, resting solely with the trier of fact who may accept or reject, in whole or in part, the testimony of any witnesses. State v. Silman, 95-0154 (La. 11/27/95), 663 So.2d 27, 35. A reviewing court may impinge on the factfinding function of the jury only to the extent necessary to assure the Jackson standard of review. State v. Bordenave, 95-2328 (La. 4/26/96), 678 So.2d 19, 20. It is not the function of an appellate court to assess credibility or re-weigh the evidence. Id.
The crime of simple burglary is defined in La.R.S. 14:62 as “the unauthorized
entering of any dwelling, vehicle, watercraft, or other structure, movable or
immovable, or any cemetery, with the intent to commit a felony or any theft therein,
other than as set forth in R.S. 14:60.” Additionally, “[t]hough intent is a question of
fact, it need not be proved as a fact. It may be inferred from the circumstances.”
4 State v. Robinson, 29,488, p. 3 (La.App. 2 Cir. 6/18/97), 697 So.2d 607, 609 (citing
State v. Kahey, 436 So.2d 475 (La.1983)), writ denied, 97-1845 (La. 12/12/97), 704
So.2d 1200.
The State offered the testimony of several witnesses to prove that the defendant
entered a shed belonging to Pizza Hut without authorization. According to the record,
an employee of Pizza Hut, Kathy Swoope, noticed a truck drive around to the back of
the Pizza Hut before the store opened for the day. When the truck did not return
shortly, she stepped outside to investigate. Ms. Swoope testified that she saw a green
truck parked next to the sheds1 in the rear of the Pizza Hut parking lot. According to
Ms. Swoope:
a man was standing inside the door and he was holding up a two liter Pepsi and he was talking to a lady that was in the truck and he was like, “They have sodas and stuff back here.” . . . He put it down. And he reached into the box and we keep our uniform shirts and stuff back there. And he picked them up and he said, “They have clothes back here too.” And when he turned around, I was walking towards the truck. And he just looked at me and he dropped the shirts. And he looked at me and he said, “They got plates and stuff back here.” I’m like, “That’s for Pizza Hut.” And he turned around. And I walked around the truck and I looked . . . . It had a shovel in the back of the truck and he had like a thing with some cleaning stuff in it, but it was halfway covered up a little bit. So he just got in the truck and I walked in the shed and I looked back and he backed up and left.”
Although there was conflicting testimony about whether the lock on the shed
door was completely functional,2 Ms. Swoope testified that the shed door was closed
when she arrived at work and that opening the shed door required some effort.
Further, Ms. Swoope stated that she did not give the defendant permission to be in the
shed. Ms. Swoope reported the theft and gave a description of the truck and its
1 The record indicates that there were two storage sheds at the rear of the Pizza Hut parking lot. Cheryl Faulks, another employee of Pizza Hut, testified that cleaning supplies, uniforms, Coke products, and plates were stored in the shed at issue herein. 2 According to Ms. Swoope, part of the locking mechanism had been broken. However, she also testified that the shed door was kept closed and that “you had to really walk up to it to actually look at it to see if it was broken off. . . . You had to actually pull it for it to come open.” Cheryl Faulks testified that the lock was functional. 5 occupants. Another employee of Pizza Hut, Cheryl Faulks, testified that the shed door
is always kept closed and that the shed is “usually locked.”
In his pro se brief, the defendant contends that the shed door was open and that
he entered the shed because he was chasing what appeared to be some money through
the parking lot. The defendant’s fiancée, Dawn Dorman, testified that they saw some
money flying along the road and into the parking lot. Ms. Dorman also testified that
the shed door was open and that the money blew into the shed. However, Ms.
Dorman also testified that the defendant went into the shed and that no one gave them
permission to do so.
The State also offered evidence that the defendant took items from the shed,
including cleaning supplies and a shovel. Ms. Swoope testified that she saw a shovel
and some cleaning items in the back of the defendant’s truck. Further, Ms. Swoope
noted that she could tell that items were missing from the shed. Ms. Faulks testified
that she was in charge of inventory and that she determined that the items recovered
from the defendant’s truck came from Pizza Hut. Ms. Faulks stated that the bottle of
Weed-Be-Gone was a new jug and that she had purchased the shovel about a month
before this incident.
Lieutenant Buford Johnson of the Oakdale Police Department testified that he
located the truck in the parking lot at Wal-Mart. When the defendant returned to the
truck, Officer Shawn Odom and Lieutenant Johnson placed him under arrest. Officer
Odom testified that she saw a shovel and some cleaning supplies in the back of the
defendant’s truck. Further, she testified that when she questioned the defendant about
those items, he stated that he had just left Pizza Hut and that he had taken the shovel
and cleaning supplies. Officer Odom also testified that the defendant indicated that he
had gotten those items out of the shed. The State also offered into evidence a “Writ of
Voluntary Statement” that the defendant sent to the trial court on Ms. Dorman’s 6 behalf. Therein, the defendant states that he “committed an offense of unauthorized
use,” that Ms. Dorman had “no involvement in the act of taking a shovel or 3 separate
bottles of household cleaner unlawfully,” and that “he put the cleaners and shovel in
the truck.”
At trial, the defendant contended that the shovel and the cleaning supplies were
located next to a dumpster and that he thought they were trash. Defense counsel
argued that the defendant was guilty of “dumpster diving.” Ms. Dorman testified that
she saw the defendant bend down and pick up the shovel and cleaning supplies, and
that he did not get them out of the shed. She also stated that they were by the
dumpster. According to Ms. Dorman, the dumpster was only five feet or “something
like that” from the sheds.
However, Ms. Faulks testified that the dumpster is about fifty feet from the
sheds and that it has never been closer. According to Ms. Faulks, their inspectors
require that the dumpster be “so far away” from the building and the sheds because
there are “ready-to-use” products in that vicinity. Further, both Ms. Faulks and Ms.
Swoope testified that items were never stored by the dumpster. Ms. Swoope testified
that, with the exception of the degreaser, the used bottles of cleaning supplies would
be thrown away. Ms. Swoope’s testimony was that employees were not allowed to
leave anything outside of the dumpster because it was “an automatic write-up.”
Based on our review, the State presented sufficient evidence to prove that the
defendant entered a shed belonging to Pizza Hut without authorization. Further, there
is sufficient evidence to support a conclusion that the shovel and cleaning supplies
taken by the defendant were not trash but were located inside the shed. Accordingly,
the record contains sufficient evidence when viewed in the light most favorable to the
prosecution that any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of
the crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt. 7 With regard to the defendant’s assertion that it was error for the State to fail to
submit photographs taken the same day as the incident, we note that the jury was free
to accept or reject the witnesses’ testimony concerning the location of the shed in
relation to the dumpster and whether or not the door to the shed was open. Further,
there is no requirement that the State produce physical evidence in support of a
conviction. State v. Kennerson, 96-1518 (La.App. 3 Cir. 5/7/97), 695 So.2d 1367.
This assignment of error is without merit.
Pro Se Brief
The defendant has also filed a pro se brief asserting numerous alleged errors.
Those assertions can be categorized into allegations of ineffective assistance of
counsel; improper jury instructions; misconduct by the State; that witnesses were
improperly allowed to testify from their notes; bias on the part of the trial court; and
that his sentence is excessive.
Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
The defendant asserts numerous instances in which he claims that his trial
counsel was ineffective. Although a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel is
properly raised in an application for post-conviction relief, where the record contains
sufficient evidence to decide the issue and the issue is raised by an assignment of error
on appeal, the appellate court may consider the issue. State v. Christien, 09-890
(La.App. 3 Cir. 2/3/10), 29 So.3d 696. In assessing ineffective assistance of counsel
claims, the defendant must show that: (1) “counsel’s representation fell below an
objective standard of reasonableness” and (2) “there is a reasonable probability that,
but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been
different.” State v. Washington, 491 So.2d 1337, 1338 (La.1986) (quoting Strickland
v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984)).
8 The defendant asserts that his trial counsel was ineffective in that he:
emphasized certain words and gestures during opening argument; did not ask
“important questions of each witness” and disregarded the defendant’s wishes in this
regard; failed to subpoena witnesses, most notably Ms. Dorman; failed to inform the
jury that Ms. Dorman is mentally handicapped; failed to make numerous objections;3
disregarded the defendant’s instructions regarding additional questions for witnesses
and closing argument; failed to impeach Ms. Swoope regarding her testimony about
the location of items in the shed and her later testimony that she did not realize that
the Weed-Be-Gone was missing until it was brought back by the police; that trial
counsel gave his own jury instructions to the jury; and failed to inform the trial court
that the defendant filed a pro se motion to appeal. Even if the court assumed that
these alleged instances fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, the
defendant does not demonstrate what prejudice he suffered as a result. Further, the
defendant offers no other indication that there is a reasonable probability that, but for
these alleged unprofessional errors, the outcome of the trial would have been
different.
Additionally, the defendant contends that the arraignment proceedings were
irregular and that his trial attorney failed to object to them. The defendant argues that
he did not personally enter a plea, that the bill of information was not read to him, and
that he did not waive formal reading of the bill of information. Louisiana Code of
Criminal Procedure Article 555 states:
Any irregularity in the arraignment, including a failure to read the indictment, is waived if the defendant pleads to the indictment without objecting thereto. A failure to arraign the defendant or the fact that he did not plead, is waived if the defendant enters upon the trial without
3 The defendant alleges that his trial counsel failed to make numerous objections, including objections to: several of the State’s exhibits; the State interrupting Ms. Dorman’s testimony; “false information”; the scope of opening arguments; irrelevant questions asked by the State; the use of the word “fled”; references to a “back door”; and the use of notes by the State’s witnesses. 9 objecting thereto, and it shall be considered as if he had pleaded not guilty.
The minutes from the defendant’s arraignment indicate that the defendant was
present in court, was represented by counsel, and entered pleas of not guilty. Our
review of the record does not indicate that the defendant objected to the bill of
information. Even assuming that the defendant’s trial attorney’s conduct was
deficient in some fashion, the defendant does not indicate how he was prejudiced by
that deficiency.
The defendant asserts that his trial attorney erred in failing to object to the bill
of information and that the bill of information was improper. Count one of the bill of
information was read at the beginning of the defendant’s trial. 4 Louisiana Code of
Criminal Procedure Article 464 states:
The indictment shall be a plain, concise, and definite written statement of the essential facts constituting the offense charged. It shall state for each count the official or customary citation of the statute which the defendant is alleged to have violated. Error in the citation or its omission shall not be ground for dismissal of the indictment or for reversal of a conviction if the error or omission did not mislead the defendant to his prejudice.
Based on our review of the bill of information, we find that it comports with the
requirements of Article 464. Further, we observe that La.Code Crim.P. art. 765 states
that the reading of the indictment is part of the normal order of trial. Thus, we find
that the defendant has failed to show how his trial counsel was deficient in failing to
4 The bill of information states:
Count #1: ON OR ABOUT OCTOBER 10, 2010, IN THE PARISH OF ALLEN, DONALD K RUNNELS committed the offense of R.S. 14:62 SIMPLE BURGLARY, by the unauthorized entry of the property of another located at a storage unit, belonging to Pizza Hut Oakdale, with the intent to commit a felony or a theft therein.
Count #2: ON OR ABOUT OCTOBER 10, 2010, IN THE PARISH OF ALLEN, DONALD K RUNNELS committed the offense of R.S. 14:67 THEFT by the misappropriation or taking of property belonging to Pizza Hut, wherein the value amounts to under $500. 10 object to the reading of the bill and what prejudice, if any, he suffered by this alleged
deficiency.
Further, the defendant contends that his trial counsel failed to call any witnesses
and failed to reserve the right to recall witnesses. The record indicates that the
defendant’s trial counsel called Lieutenant Johnson as a defense witness. Further, the
defendant’s trial counsel subjected the State’s witnesses to cross-examination.
Notwithstanding the defendant’s assertion that he failed to reserve the right to recall
any witnesses, the record indicates that trial counsel recalled Ms. Swoope to the stand.
Accordingly, the defendant has failed to show how his trial counsel was deficient with
regard to these allegations.
The defendant further contends that his trial counsel failed to object to the
testimony of Ms. Faulks on the basis that she was not on the State’s witness list and
that he failed to impeach Ms. Faulks. The defendant contends that her testimony
caused “irrepairable injury.” “Louisiana jurisprudence has also consistently held a
defendant is generally not entitled of right to the names, addresses, and telephone
numbers of witnesses in the absence of extraordinary circumstances.” State v.
Harper, 10-356, p. 10 (La. 11/30/10), 53 So.3d 1263, 1270. However, if the trial
court determines that “peculiar and distinctive” reasons exist indicating that
fundamental fairness dictates discovery, disclosure may be justified. Id. at 1271. Our
review of the record does not indicate that the defendant requested the names of the
State’s witnesses. Thus, the defendant has failed to prove that his trial attorney’s
conduct was deficient.
The defendant also asserts that his trial counsel failed to inform the jury of
alternate theories of the crime, including that another person might have broken into
the shed before the defendant arrived and that Ms. Swoope might have missed the
bottles by the dumpster when she checked. However, whether another person broke 11 into the shed would not negate the State’s evidence that the defendant entered the shed
without authorization. Further, the defendant’s trial counsel questioned Ms. Dorman
about the location of the stolen items and attempted to establish that they were located
near the dumpster and not the shed. Thus, the defendant fails to establish how his trial
counsel was deficient.
Thus, we find no merit to the defendant’s assertions that his trial counsel was
ineffective.
Use of Notes by Witnesses
The defendant also contends that the trial court erred in permitting witnesses to
take the stand with notes. He takes issue with Lieutenant Johnson’s use of Officer
Odom’s report during his testimony. Louisiana Code of Evidence Article 612(B)
provides, in relevant part, that “[i]n a criminal case, any writing, recording, or object
may be used by a witness to refresh his memory while testifying.” It is immaterial
who prepared the report, as long as the witness can testify to the fact after refreshing
his or her memory because the testimony of the witness is the evidence, not the
writing itself. State v. Young, 552 So.2d 669 (La.App. 2 Cir. 1989).
Lieutenant Johnson was called as a defense witness. The transcript of his
testimony indicates that, after posing a few questions, the defendant’s attorney
questioned Lieutenant Johnson about his reliance on Officer Odom’s report. The
record also indicates that, after a bench conference, counsel requested that Lieutenant
Johnson “not rely on those notes” and “testify from [his] own recollection of this
particular incident.” Lieutenant Johnson then stated that he did not “remember
enough of it to testify like that.” However, defense counsel elicited that Lieutenant
Johnson remembered going to the Oakdale Wal-Mart, pulling the defendant over, that
Officer Odom spoke with the defendant, that there were “cleaning supplies. As to
12 exactly what kind, I don’t know, and there was a shovel” in the bed of the defendant’s
truck, and that the defendant was arrested.
The record reveals that Lieutenant Johnson refreshed his memory from the
report and testified with regard to what he recalled. This assignment of error is
without merit.
Improper Jury Instructions
The defendant also contends that the trial court gave improper jury instructions.
The defendant specifically points to the trial court stating in voir dire that “[t]he
defendant, Mr. Runnels, is presumed by law to be innocent until each element of the
crime necessary to constitute his guilt is proven by a reasonable doubt.” (Emphasis
added). The defendant also objects to the trial court’s instructions that “[w]hile the
State must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, it does not have to prove guilt
beyond all possible doubt.” Further, the defendant alleges that the trial court’s failure
to include the phrase “the responsive verdicts for” in the jury instructions was
confusing, that the jury instructions left the impression that a hung jury was
unacceptable, and that it was improper to instruct the jury to reexamine their views.
However, La.Code Crim.P. art. 801(C) states, in pertinent part, that “[a] party may not
assign as error the giving or failure to give a jury charge or any portion thereof unless
an objection thereto is made before the jury retires or within such time as the court
may reasonably cure the alleged error. The nature of the objection and grounds
therefor shall be stated at the time of objection.” A review of the record reflects that
there were no objections to the trial court’s jury instructions. Accordingly, the
defendant failed to preserve this issue for review. See State v. Lee, 02-1793 (La.App.
4 Cir. 4/2/03), 844 So.2d 970, writ denied, 03-1247 (La. 10/10/03), 855 So.3d 330.
13 Misconduct by the State
The defendant asserts that the State committed prosecutorial misconduct by
interrupting a witness repeatedly, allowing witnesses to testify using notes,
embellishing the evidence and adding details to the witnesses’ reports, and possibly
fabricating the police report introduced into evidence. The defendant further asserts
that this alleged misconduct “may have been a combined effort between both the
States Attorney and the defense council [sic].” Louisiana Code of Civil Procedure
Article 841(A) states that “[a]n irregularity or error cannot be availed of after verdict
unless it was objected to at the time of occurrence. . . . It is sufficient that a party, at
the time the ruling or order of the court is made or sought, makes known to the court
the action which he desires the court to take, or of his objections to the action of the
court, and the grounds therefor.” A review of the record indicates that the defendant
failed to object to any of the alleged instances of prosecutorial misconduct.
Accordingly, the defendant failed to preserve this issue for review. See State v. Jones,
09-1453 (La.App. 3 Cir. 8/11/10), 45 So.3d 1136, writs denied, 10-504, 10-2132 (La.
2/18/11), 57 So.3d 328, 330; State v. Jackson, 43,139 (La.App. 2 Cir. 3/26/08), 979
So.2d 678, writ denied, 08-952 (La. 12/12/08), 997 So.2d 560.
Alleged Bias
The defendant also contends that the trial court was biased against him, as
evidenced by the trial court’s statement to the defendant that “[s]ir, you’re going to
have to control yourself or we’ll remove you from the courtroom.” The defendant
also contends that the trial court’s knowledge of the defendant’s other pending
criminal charges caused the trial court to be biased against him.
The fifth circuit addressed the trial court’s responsibility to act as a neutral
arbiter in State v. Pittman, 04-705, pp. 3-4 (La.App. 5 Cir. 12/28/04), 892 So.2d 641,
643, writ denied, 05-228 (La. 5/6/05), 901 So.2d 1094, stating that 14 “[e]ssential to the concept of a fair trial is the requirement of complete neutrality on the part of the presiding judge.’ State v. Johnson, 438 So.2d 1091, 1101 (La.1983). . . . . When a trial judge gives the appearance of abandoning his role as a neutral arbiter, a new trial is required so as to afford the defendant a fair opportunity to have the jury decide his guilt or innocence. State v. Duplessis, 457 So.2d 604, 605 (La.1984).
With regard to the defendant’s allegation that the trial court’s knowledge of his
other pending charges resulted in bias, the record indicates that, at sentencing, the trial
court referenced the defendant’s criminal convictions from 1996 and 1985 and made
no mention of the defendant’s other pending charges. In imposing sentence, the trial
court may consider the defendant’s criminal history, including both arrests and
convictions. State v. Williams, 96-37 (La.App 3 Cir. 6/26/96), 677 So.2d 692. With
regard to the defendant’s other alleged evidence of bias, on one instance, the trial
court instructed the defendant to control his behavior. A trial court “has the duty to
require that criminal proceedings shall be conducted with dignity and in an orderly
and expeditious manner and to so control the proceedings that justice is done.”
La.Code Crim.P. art. 17. See also State v. Washington, 322 So.2d 185 (La.1975).
Based on our review of the record, we find nothing that would indicate that the
trial court abandoned its role as a neutral arbiter. This assignment of error is without
merit.
Excessiveness of Sentence
In his pro se brief, the defendant also asserts that his sentence is excessive. The
defendant points to a two-year sentence imposed in another simple burglary case in
support of this claim.
Although the defendant filed numerous motions contesting the jury’s guilty
verdict, there is no motion for reconsideration of sentence contained in the record.
When a defendant does not file a motion to reconsider sentence, the appellate court is
limited to the bare claim that the defendant’s sentence is constitutionally excessive. 15 State v. Asad, 38,040, 38,499 (La.App. 2 Cir. 4/7/04), 870 So.2d 455. In State v.
Barling, 00-1241, 00-1591, p. 12 (La.App. 3 Cir. 1/31/01), 779 So.2d 1035, 1042-43,
writ denied, 01-0838 (La. 2/1/02), 808 So.2d 331, this court addressed the review of
excessive sentence claims, stating:
La. Const. art. I, § 20 guarantees that, “[n]o law shall subject any person to cruel or unusual punishment.” To constitute an excessive sentence, the reviewing court must find the penalty so grossly disproportionate to the severity of the crime as to shock our sense of justice or that the sentence makes no measurable contribution to acceptable penal goals and is, therefore, nothing more than a needless imposition of pain and suffering. State v. Campbell, 404 So.2d 1205 (La.1981). The trial court has wide discretion in the imposition of sentence within the statutory limits and such sentence shall not be set aside as excessive absent a manifest abuse of discretion. State v. Etienne, 99-192 (La.App. 3 Cir. 10/13/99); 746 So.2d 124, writ denied, 00-0165 (La. 6/30/00); 765 So.2d 1067. The relevant question is whether the trial court abused its broad sentencing discretion, not whether another sentence might have been more appropriate. State v. Cook, 95-2784 (La. 5/31/96); 674 So.2d 957, cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1043, 117 S.Ct. 615, 136 L.Ed.2d 539 (1996).
A sentence within the statutory limits may still be reviewed for constitutional
excessiveness. State v. Lewis, 09-783 (La.App. 5 Cir. 5/28/10), 43 So.3d 973 (citing
State v. Smith, 01-2574 (La. 1/14/03), 839 So.2d 1). Further, in considering whether a
sentence is constitutionally excessive, the appellate court “may consider several
factors including the nature of the offense, the circumstances of the offender, the
legislative purpose behind the punishment and a comparison of the sentences imposed
for similar crimes.” State v. Smith, 02-719, p. 4 (La.App. 3 Cir. 2/12/03), 846 So.2d
786, 789, writ denied, 03-562 (La. 5/30/03), 845 So.2d 1061.
Louisiana Revised Statutes 14:62(B) provides that “[w]hoever commits the
crime of simple burglary shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars,
imprisoned with or without hard labor for not more than twelve years, or both.” On
the simple burglary conviction, the trial court sentenced the defendant to ten years at
hard labor with three years suspended. The trial court also imposed four years of
16 supervised probation, with conditions, and ordered the defendant to pay supervision
and technology fees.
The pre-sentencing investigation indicates that the defendant has prior
convictions dating back to 1985, which include cultivation of marijuana, seven counts
of simple robbery, unauthorized use of a moveable, and disturbing the peace by public
intoxication. At the time of sentencing, the defendant was 46 years old and contended
that being incarcerated would be a hardship on his family. The record reveals that the
trial court discussed the defendant’s criminal record and found that the defendant did
not appreciate the seriousness of his crime. The trial court also found that the
defendant was in need of incarceration and that there was an undue risk that if he was
given a suspended sentence that he would commit another crime. Further, the second
circuit upheld a ten year sentence for simple burglary where the defendant, a multiple
offender, broke into a car and stole a pool cue and case, CDs, and a CD visor case.
See State v. Thompson, 46,473 (La.App. 2 Cir. 9/21/11), 72 So.3d 978, writ denied,
11-2159 (La. 3/23/12), 85 So.3d 88.
Based on our review of the record, the defendant’s sentence is not so grossly
disproportionate to the severity of the crime as to shock our sense of justice or that the
sentence makes no measurable contribution to acceptable penal goals. Thus, we find
no abuse of the trial court’s wide sentencing discretion.
DECREE
The conviction and sentence of the defendant, Donald K. Runnels, for simple
burglary, a violation of La.R.S. 14:62, are affirmed. The defendant’s sentence for
17 theft less than $500.00, a violation of La.R.S. 14:67, is vacated and this case is
remanded to the trial court for disposition of that charge.
CONVICTION AND SENTENCE FOR SIMPLE BURGLARY AFFIRMED. SENTENCE FOR THEFT LESS THAN $500.00 VACATED AND REMANDED FOR DISPOSITION.