FILED BY CLERK IN THE COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF ARIZONA JUL 29 2011 DIVISION TWO COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION TWO
THE STATE OF ARIZONA, ) ) 2 CA-CR 2010-0177 Appellee, ) DEPARTMENT B ) v. ) OPINION ) BRIAN S. HUNTER, ) ) Appellant. ) )
APPEAL FROM THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PIMA COUNTY
Cause No. CR20093440001
Honorable Clark W. Munger, Judge
AFFIRMED
Thomas C. Horne, Arizona Attorney General By Kent E. Cattani and Kathryn A. Damstra Tucson Attorneys for Appellee
Brian S. Hunter Tucson In Propria Persona
V Á S Q U E Z, Presiding Judge. ¶1 Appellant Brian Hunter was convicted after a jury trial of two counts of
endangerment and one count of criminal damage. The trial court sentenced him to
concurrent prison terms, the longer of which was three years. On appeal, Hunter
contends he was denied his right to a speedy trial under Rule 8.2, Ariz. R. Crim. P. For
the following reasons, we affirm.
Factual and Procedural Background
¶2 We view the facts in the light most favorable to sustaining the jury’s
verdicts and resolve all reasonable inferences against Hunter. See State v. Martin, 225
Ariz. 162, ¶ 2, 235 P.3d 1045, 1046 (App. 2010). In August 2009, two Tucson Police
Department bicycle patrol officers stopped Hunter for a traffic violation. Hunter became
confrontational when the officers asked for identification and ultimately fled in his
vehicle, driving over one of the officer’s bicycles in the process. He then drove through a
residential neighborhood at approximately sixty miles per hour and collided with a school
bus carrying forty-one children.
¶3 On September 8, 2009, Hunter was indicted for forty-one counts of
aggravated assault of a minor under the age of fifteen years, dangerous crimes against
children; one count of aggravated assault; two counts of endangerment; and one count of
criminal damage. He was convicted and sentenced as described above.1 This appeal
followed.
1 At the close of the state’s case, the court granted Hunter’s motion for a judgment of acquittal on all but one of the aggravated assault charges pursuant to Rule 20, Ariz. R. Crim. P., and the jury found him not guilty of the remaining aggravated assault charge.
2 Discussion
¶4 Hunter argues his right to a speedy trial was violated by the state’s failure
to bring him to trial within the time limits set forth in Rule 8.2(a)(1), Ariz. R. Crim. P.2
A defendant must be tried within “150 days from arraignment if the person is held in
custody.” Ariz. R. Crim. P. 8.2(a)(1). This time is subject to excludable periods,
including “[d]elays occasioned by or on behalf of the defendant” and “[d]elays resulting
from a remand for new probable cause determination under Rule[] . . . 12.9.” Ariz. R.
Crim. P. 8.4(a) and (b). We review a trial court’s Rule 8 rulings for abuse of discretion.
State v. Spreitz, 190 Ariz. 129, 136, 945 P.2d 1260, 1267 (1997).
¶5 Hunter was arraigned on September 17, 2009. On November 13, 2009, he
filed a motion to dismiss several of the counts, arguing they were insufficient as a matter
of law, and to remand the remaining counts to the grand jury for a redetermination of
probable cause. See Ariz. R. Crim. P. 16.6 (motion to dismiss) and 12.9 (motion to
remand). The parties agree that under Rule 8.4(b), the delay resulting from a remand for
a redetermination of probable cause pursuant to Rule 12.9 is excludable time. They
disagree, however, as to when the excluded time period began.
¶6 Relying on this court’s holding in State v. Harris, 25 Ariz. App. 76, 541
P.2d 402 (App. 1975), Hunter argues the excludable time ran from the date the trial court
2 Hunter’s opening brief does not conform to the requirements of Rule 13(a), Ariz. R. Civ. App. P., because it does not include a table of contents, a table of citations, or a statement of the case. He also does not support his arguments with proper citations to the record. See Rule 13(a)(6). Although we could reject his arguments on these grounds alone, in our discretion, we address the merits of his claim. See Ritchie v. Krasner, 221 Ariz. 288, ¶ 62, 211 P.3d 1272, 1289 (App. 2009). 3 granted his Rule 12.9 motion until the grand jury returned a second indictment. Id. at 77,
541 P.2d at 403. The state, however, urges us to adopt the holding in State v. Sutton, 27
Ariz. App. 231, 554 P.2d 1216 (1976). There, Division One of this court held that
“appropriately excludable time limits under Rule 8.4(b) run from the date of filing of a
[Rule 12.9] motion . . . to the date of arraignment on the resulting information or
indictment.” Id. at 233, 554 P.2d at 1218. We agree with the state’s position.
¶7 In the context of other types of Rule 8.4 delays, several cases from our
supreme court and this court have concluded the excludable time runs from the date a
motion is filed, not the date it is ruled upon. See State v. Johnson, 113 Ariz. 506, 510,
557 P.2d 1063, 1067 (1976) (excluded time begins when motion to dismiss filed); State v.
Landrum, 112 Ariz. 555, 560, 544 P.2d 664, 669 (1976) (excluded time for competency
hearing begins on date motion filed); State v. Brown, 112 Ariz. 401, 403, 542 P.2d 1100,
1102 (1975) (excluded time begins when special action filed); State ex rel. Berger v.
Superior Court, 111 Ariz. 335, 337-38, 529 P.2d 686, 688-89 (1974) (excluded time
begins when motion for change of judge filed); State v. Nadler, 129 Ariz. 19, 22-23, 628
P.2d 56, 59-60 (App. 1981) (same).
¶8 As these cases demonstrate, with the exception of Harris, Arizona courts
consistently have considered the time from the filing of a defendant’s motion as
excludable time under Rule 8.4. “The language of Rule 8.4 and existing case law firmly
establish that in computing time limits under Rule 8, all delay occasioned by or on behalf
of the defendant must be excluded.” State v. Soto, 159 Ariz. 33, 35, 764 P.2d 768, 770
(App. 1988). As Sutton recognized, the Rules of Criminal Procedure “contemplate some
4 delay in the consideration of [a] motion [for new determination of probable cause] and in
the proceedings . . . [and] have attempted to achieve a balance between the orderly
administration of cases in the court system with a defendant’s right to speedy trial.”
27 Ariz. App. at 233, 553 P.2d at 1218. We agree with this reasoning and therefore
overrule Harris.3
¶9 Hunter contends that, even if Sutton controls, excluded time should have
begun on December 7 and not November 13 as the trial court found. He argues that
because the court granted his motion to proceed pro se on December 7, and his pro se
Rule 12.9 motion was filed on that date, the court should have used December 7 as the
filing date. We disagree. Because Hunter was represented by counsel on November 13
when counsel filed a Rule 12.9 motion, the court did not err in determining the excluded
time period started on that date.4 Cf. State v. Adair, 106 Ariz.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
FILED BY CLERK IN THE COURT OF APPEALS STATE OF ARIZONA JUL 29 2011 DIVISION TWO COURT OF APPEALS DIVISION TWO
THE STATE OF ARIZONA, ) ) 2 CA-CR 2010-0177 Appellee, ) DEPARTMENT B ) v. ) OPINION ) BRIAN S. HUNTER, ) ) Appellant. ) )
APPEAL FROM THE SUPERIOR COURT OF PIMA COUNTY
Cause No. CR20093440001
Honorable Clark W. Munger, Judge
AFFIRMED
Thomas C. Horne, Arizona Attorney General By Kent E. Cattani and Kathryn A. Damstra Tucson Attorneys for Appellee
Brian S. Hunter Tucson In Propria Persona
V Á S Q U E Z, Presiding Judge. ¶1 Appellant Brian Hunter was convicted after a jury trial of two counts of
endangerment and one count of criminal damage. The trial court sentenced him to
concurrent prison terms, the longer of which was three years. On appeal, Hunter
contends he was denied his right to a speedy trial under Rule 8.2, Ariz. R. Crim. P. For
the following reasons, we affirm.
Factual and Procedural Background
¶2 We view the facts in the light most favorable to sustaining the jury’s
verdicts and resolve all reasonable inferences against Hunter. See State v. Martin, 225
Ariz. 162, ¶ 2, 235 P.3d 1045, 1046 (App. 2010). In August 2009, two Tucson Police
Department bicycle patrol officers stopped Hunter for a traffic violation. Hunter became
confrontational when the officers asked for identification and ultimately fled in his
vehicle, driving over one of the officer’s bicycles in the process. He then drove through a
residential neighborhood at approximately sixty miles per hour and collided with a school
bus carrying forty-one children.
¶3 On September 8, 2009, Hunter was indicted for forty-one counts of
aggravated assault of a minor under the age of fifteen years, dangerous crimes against
children; one count of aggravated assault; two counts of endangerment; and one count of
criminal damage. He was convicted and sentenced as described above.1 This appeal
followed.
1 At the close of the state’s case, the court granted Hunter’s motion for a judgment of acquittal on all but one of the aggravated assault charges pursuant to Rule 20, Ariz. R. Crim. P., and the jury found him not guilty of the remaining aggravated assault charge.
2 Discussion
¶4 Hunter argues his right to a speedy trial was violated by the state’s failure
to bring him to trial within the time limits set forth in Rule 8.2(a)(1), Ariz. R. Crim. P.2
A defendant must be tried within “150 days from arraignment if the person is held in
custody.” Ariz. R. Crim. P. 8.2(a)(1). This time is subject to excludable periods,
including “[d]elays occasioned by or on behalf of the defendant” and “[d]elays resulting
from a remand for new probable cause determination under Rule[] . . . 12.9.” Ariz. R.
Crim. P. 8.4(a) and (b). We review a trial court’s Rule 8 rulings for abuse of discretion.
State v. Spreitz, 190 Ariz. 129, 136, 945 P.2d 1260, 1267 (1997).
¶5 Hunter was arraigned on September 17, 2009. On November 13, 2009, he
filed a motion to dismiss several of the counts, arguing they were insufficient as a matter
of law, and to remand the remaining counts to the grand jury for a redetermination of
probable cause. See Ariz. R. Crim. P. 16.6 (motion to dismiss) and 12.9 (motion to
remand). The parties agree that under Rule 8.4(b), the delay resulting from a remand for
a redetermination of probable cause pursuant to Rule 12.9 is excludable time. They
disagree, however, as to when the excluded time period began.
¶6 Relying on this court’s holding in State v. Harris, 25 Ariz. App. 76, 541
P.2d 402 (App. 1975), Hunter argues the excludable time ran from the date the trial court
2 Hunter’s opening brief does not conform to the requirements of Rule 13(a), Ariz. R. Civ. App. P., because it does not include a table of contents, a table of citations, or a statement of the case. He also does not support his arguments with proper citations to the record. See Rule 13(a)(6). Although we could reject his arguments on these grounds alone, in our discretion, we address the merits of his claim. See Ritchie v. Krasner, 221 Ariz. 288, ¶ 62, 211 P.3d 1272, 1289 (App. 2009). 3 granted his Rule 12.9 motion until the grand jury returned a second indictment. Id. at 77,
541 P.2d at 403. The state, however, urges us to adopt the holding in State v. Sutton, 27
Ariz. App. 231, 554 P.2d 1216 (1976). There, Division One of this court held that
“appropriately excludable time limits under Rule 8.4(b) run from the date of filing of a
[Rule 12.9] motion . . . to the date of arraignment on the resulting information or
indictment.” Id. at 233, 554 P.2d at 1218. We agree with the state’s position.
¶7 In the context of other types of Rule 8.4 delays, several cases from our
supreme court and this court have concluded the excludable time runs from the date a
motion is filed, not the date it is ruled upon. See State v. Johnson, 113 Ariz. 506, 510,
557 P.2d 1063, 1067 (1976) (excluded time begins when motion to dismiss filed); State v.
Landrum, 112 Ariz. 555, 560, 544 P.2d 664, 669 (1976) (excluded time for competency
hearing begins on date motion filed); State v. Brown, 112 Ariz. 401, 403, 542 P.2d 1100,
1102 (1975) (excluded time begins when special action filed); State ex rel. Berger v.
Superior Court, 111 Ariz. 335, 337-38, 529 P.2d 686, 688-89 (1974) (excluded time
begins when motion for change of judge filed); State v. Nadler, 129 Ariz. 19, 22-23, 628
P.2d 56, 59-60 (App. 1981) (same).
¶8 As these cases demonstrate, with the exception of Harris, Arizona courts
consistently have considered the time from the filing of a defendant’s motion as
excludable time under Rule 8.4. “The language of Rule 8.4 and existing case law firmly
establish that in computing time limits under Rule 8, all delay occasioned by or on behalf
of the defendant must be excluded.” State v. Soto, 159 Ariz. 33, 35, 764 P.2d 768, 770
(App. 1988). As Sutton recognized, the Rules of Criminal Procedure “contemplate some
4 delay in the consideration of [a] motion [for new determination of probable cause] and in
the proceedings . . . [and] have attempted to achieve a balance between the orderly
administration of cases in the court system with a defendant’s right to speedy trial.”
27 Ariz. App. at 233, 553 P.2d at 1218. We agree with this reasoning and therefore
overrule Harris.3
¶9 Hunter contends that, even if Sutton controls, excluded time should have
begun on December 7 and not November 13 as the trial court found. He argues that
because the court granted his motion to proceed pro se on December 7, and his pro se
Rule 12.9 motion was filed on that date, the court should have used December 7 as the
filing date. We disagree. Because Hunter was represented by counsel on November 13
when counsel filed a Rule 12.9 motion, the court did not err in determining the excluded
time period started on that date.4 Cf. State v. Adair, 106 Ariz. 58, 60-61, 479 P.2d 671,
673-74 (1970) (“normally acts of counsel to seek delays on behalf of his client are
binding on the defendant”).
¶10 And even assuming the trial began outside the Rule 8.2(a)(1) time limits,
Hunter has not argued, let alone demonstrated, he was prejudiced by the delay. See State
v. Vasko, 193 Ariz. 142, ¶ 22, 971 P.2d 189, 194 (App. 1998) (defendant must show
3 In Harris, it does not appear that the state argued the excludable time should have begun with the filing of the defendant’s motion. Nevertheless, to the extent Harris held the excludable time period under Rule 8.4 begins with the trial court’s order remanding for a redetermination of probable cause, we disagree with that conclusion. 4 Hunter also contends the second arraignment was held on December 29, and therefore the excluded time period ended on that date. The record indicates, however, that the second arraignment was postponed and in fact took place on December 30. 5 prejudice in addition to speedy trial violation). “The specific test for prejudice when a
speedy trial violation occurs is whether [the] defendant has shown that his defense has
been harmed by the delay.” Id. And a defendant who fails to establish that his defense
was harmed or that he was deprived of a fair trial has not established prejudice sufficient
to warrant reversal of his conviction. Id. ¶ 31. “In no other area of our criminal
jurisprudence would we reverse a criminal conviction on the basis of a harmless,
technical error.” Id. ¶ 21.
Disposition
¶11 For the reasons stated above, we affirm Hunter’s convictions and sentences.
/s/ Garye L. Vásquez GARYE L. VÁSQUEZ, Presiding Judge
CONCURRING:
/s/ Philip G. Espinosa PHILIP G. ESPINOSA, Judge
/s/ Peter J. Eckerstrom PETER J. ECKERSTROM, Presiding Judge