State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance v. Riley

199 F.R.D. 276, 2001 WL 185486
CourtDistrict Court, N.D. Illinois
DecidedFebruary 26, 2001
DocketNo. 01 C 318
StatusPublished
Cited by30 cases

This text of 199 F.R.D. 276 (State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance v. Riley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, N.D. Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance v. Riley, 199 F.R.D. 276, 2001 WL 185486 (N.D. Ill. 2001).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

SHADUR, Senior District Judge.

Nancy DeMarco (“DeMarco”), one of the defendants in this interpleader action brought by State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company (“State Farm”), has filed her Answer to Complaint of Interpleader. For the reasons stated in this sua sponte memorandum opinion and order, the Answer is stricken in its entirety — but with leave granted to DeMarco’s counsel (an Assistant Attorney General) to replead promptly.

For too many years this Court has been required to treat with a battery of basic pleading errors committed by defendants’ lawyers who have failed to conform to the clear directives — or to the basic thrust — of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Both to simplify the process of correcting such deficiencies in the future and to save unwarranted wear and tear on its secretary, this Court has decided to issue the attached Appendix as a compendium of most of those frequently-encountered errors. In that way [278]*278future flaws of the same types in later cases can be addressed by a simple reference to the Appendix rather than by a set of repeated substantive discussions from case to case.1

In this instance DeMarco’s counsel has been guilty of “only” two of the errors listed in the Appendix. But counsel has made up for that by the pervasiveness of those fundamental missteps — only the final Answer ¶ 21 is in proper form, each of the Answer’s other 20 paragraphs having involved one or both of the repeated infractions. That pervasiveness alone should justify using this case as the poster child to which the Appendix is attached for future citation.

In brief, Answer ¶¶ 1, 4-10 and 12-20 run afoul of App. ¶ 1, while Answer ¶¶ 2, 3, 4,11, 14 and 18 are at odds with App. ¶2. As stated at the outset, the entire Answer is stricken, and DeMarco’s counsel is ordered (1) to file a self-contained Amended Answer (see App. ¶ 7) in this Court’s chambers on or before March 5, 2001, and to comply with App. ¶ 8 as well.

APPENDIX

After years of unsuccessful efforts to correct a gaggle of fundamental pleading errors that continue to crop up in responsive pleadings, this Court — perhaps as much out of consideration for its highly skilled and substantially overworked secretary as for any other reason — has decided on a different approach. This Appendix will cover those most common flaws, so that corrective orders required to be entered in future cases can simply incorporate the treatment here by reference.

1. Fed R. Civ. P. (“Rule”) 8(b)

Even though the second sentence of Rule 8(b) marks out an unambiguous path for any party that seeks the benefit of a deemed denial when he, she or it can neither admit outright nor deny outright a plaintiffs allegation (or plaintiffs “averment,” the word used in Rule 8(b)), too many lawyers feel a totally unwarranted need to attempt to be creative by straying from that clear path. Most frequently such lawyers will omit any reference to “belief,” or they will sometimes omit any reference to “information,” or they may be guilty of both those omissions — and they do so even though Rule 8(b)’s drafters deliberately chose those terms as elements of the Rule’s necessary disclaimer in order to set a higher hurdle for the earning of a deemed denial.1 And although the concept of “strict proof,” whatever that may mean, is nowhere to be found in the Rules (or to this Court’s knowledge in any other set of rules or in any treatise on the subject of pleading), some members of the same coterie of careless defense counsel will also often include an impermissible demand for such proof. In all of these respects, see this Court’s earlier published opinions in Gilbert v. Johnston, 127 F.R.D. 145, 146 (N.D.Ill.1989) and King Vision Pay Per View, Ltd. v. J.C. Dimitri’s Restaurant, Inc., 180 F.R.D. 332 (N.D.Ill. 1998).

2. Legal Conclusions

Another regular offender is the lawyer who takes it on himself or herself to decline to respond to an allegation because it “states a legal conclusion.” That of course violates the express Rule 8(b) requirement that all allegations must be responded to. But perhaps even more importantly, it disregards established law from the highest authority on down that legal conclusions are an integral part of the federal notice pleading regime (Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325, 109 S.Ct. 1827, 104 L.Ed.2d 338 (1989); Denton v. Hernandez, 504 U.S. 25, 31, 112 S.Ct. 1728, 118 L.Ed.2d 340 (1992); and relatedly, see the opinion of our Court of Appeals in Jackson v. Marion County, 66 F.3d 151, 153-54 (7th Cir.1995)). Indeed, could anything be more of a legal conclusion than a plaintiffs allegation of subject matter jurisdiction, which must of course be answered? In that latter respect see, e.g., Form 21 of the Appendix of Forms following the Rules, which Rule 84 expressly identifies as “suffi[279]*279cient under the rules ... and intended to indicate the simplicity and brevity of the statement which the rules contemplate.”

8. “Speaks for Itself’

Another unacceptable device, used by lawyers who would prefer not to admit something that is alleged about a document in a complaint (or who'may perhaps be too lazy to craft an appropriate response to such an allegation), is to say instead that the document “speaks for itself.” This Court has been attempting to listen to such written materials for years (in the forlorn hope that one will indeed give voice) — but until some such writing does break its silence, this Court will continue to require pleaders to employ one of the three alternatives that are permitted by Rule 8(b) in response to all allegations about the contents of documents (or statutes or regulations).

Other Failure To Answer

On occasion some defense counsel will fail or refuse to answer an allegation for some asserted reason other than those discussed above. Again such an omission is at odds with the plain mandate of Rule 8(b)’s first sentence, so that this Court regularly requires thtt every allegation in a complaint be respmded to in conformity with Rule 8(b).

5. Rule 8(c)

Some defense counsel are inordiately fond of following the direct responses f> a complaint’s allegations with a set of imported affirmative defenses (“ADs”) that ion’t really fit that concept. Though not dentical in scope to the common law plea in confession and avoidance, the AD essentially takes the same approach of admitting all of the allegations of a complaint, but of then going on to explain other reasons that defendant is not liable to plaintiff anyway (or, as with comparative negligence or non-mitigation of damages, may be liable for less than plaintiff claims) — see the laundry list of ADs in Rule 8(c). This Court has made that point for many years in almost innumerable cases, with its first published opinion in that respect having been Bobbitt v. Victorian House, Inc., 532 F.Supp. 734, 736-37 (N.D.Ill.1982), a decision later approved in

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Bluebook (online)
199 F.R.D. 276, 2001 WL 185486, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-farm-mutual-automobile-insurance-v-riley-ilnd-2001.