State ex rel. Shepherd ex rel. Shepherd v. St. Louis County Board of Education

542 S.W.2d 55, 1976 Mo. App. LEXIS 2744
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedAugust 11, 1976
DocketNo. 37469
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 542 S.W.2d 55 (State ex rel. Shepherd ex rel. Shepherd v. St. Louis County Board of Education) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State ex rel. Shepherd ex rel. Shepherd v. St. Louis County Board of Education, 542 S.W.2d 55, 1976 Mo. App. LEXIS 2744 (Mo. Ct. App. 1976).

Opinion

NORWIN D. HOUSER, Special Judge.

Action in mandamus filed by Charles T. Shepherd, II, by his father and next friend, Charles M. M. Shepherd, against St. Louis County Board of Education and its members, for a judicial finding that Wright School in Ladue School District is more accessible to petitioner’s location than any school in the Kirkwood School District R — 7, within the meaning of § 167.121, RSMo 1969,1 and that respondents be commanded to assign petitioner to Wright School and continue that assignment until he completes [58]*58the educational program there offered. Both school districts were allowed to intervene. The court issued an alternative writ of mandamus. On full hearing a motion to dismiss the petition for writ of mandamus was sustained, the petition was dismissed, and petitioner appealed.

This litigation arises out of the refusal of the county board of education to assign petitioner, a resident of Kirkwood School District R-7, to Wright School in Ladue School District for the school year 1975 — 76, on written request of his father, whose three previous annual requests for assignment had been granted. This proceeding is authorized by Rule 100.082 and § 536.150, RSMo 1969. Both in the trial court and on appeal the parties have joined issue on the question whether the action of the board of education was arbitrary, capricious, unreasonable or an abuse of discretion.

Preliminarily, petitioner makes the point that the board of education had no discretion to determine the question of accessibility but was bound to grant the request for assignment to Wright School for a fourth year because the determination that Wright School is more accessible to petitioner had been previously decided in his favor from then-existing facts which had not changed. Appellant argues that the language of § 167.121 is mandatory and leaves no room for the exercise of discretion; that once the facts of location of pupil and schools are shown the board must grant the assignment. We disagree. The determination whether a school in another district is more accessible to a pupil in a given district is not solely a matter of geography, Haymart v. Freiberger, 498 S.W.2d 590 (Mo. App.1973); it depends upon the existence or nonexistence of various pertinent facts other than relative distances, and the application of the statutory “more accessible” test to those facts. Such a determination necessarily involves the exercise of discretion. It is not a mere ministerial act but calls for a quasi-judicial determination. Ordinarily the courts cannot compel the exercise of discretion in a particular manner, by the coercion of a judicial decree, see State ex rel. Rock Road Frontage, Inc. v. Davis, 444 S.W.2d 43, 46[1] (Mo.App.1969), but Rule 100.08 and § 536.150 provide an exception where the administrative decision is unreasonable, arbitrary or capricious or involves an abuse of discretion.

On this point petitioner takes the further position, without citation of authority, that the question whether Wright School was more accessible was settled, determined and the matter closed when the county superintendent of schools made a [59]*59factual declaration to that effect in 1972, a factual determination' reaffirmed in 1973 and 1974; that “from then on, there was neither discretion nor question that the Wright School was so located to petitioner as to be more accessible.” In effect appellant’s position is that the matter is res judicata. We find no basis for this contention. The determinations of the county superintendent of schools were made in annual stops. Petitioner’s father recognized this by renewing his request annually. While, as petitioner points out, there was no interim change in the location of petitioner’s place of residence or in the locations of the schools, these are not the only considerations. Many other factors are to be weighed, and at the time of any annual request the board of education may and should take into consideration any changes in other basic factors of which the board has knowledge or which may be brought to its attention.

An allied question is appellant’s contention that the court erred in failing to find that the order of the county superintendent of schools was not revocable upon passage of Laws 1973, p. 230, § 1, without a hearing, without established procedures for revocation, and without investigating and taking into consideration the numerous “foundation elements” it should have considered in making a determination; and that the board in so acting violated petitioner’s right to due process of law under Art. I, § 10 of the Constitution of Missouri and the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Appellant objects that the board acted in a vacuum and in secret, without investigation and without established procedures subject to review and test; that an assignment once made continues for the balance of the educational program offered at the nearest school and therefore petitioner has a constitutional right to a continuation of the educational program at Wright School, where he has developed strong ties to his classmates, teachers and staff; that interruption of the educational course at that school violates petitioner’s constitutional right to due process of law.

The action of the county superintendent of schools in annually granting petitioner’s annually-made requests for assignment did not give petitioner a vested right to such an assignment in future years. School Dist. of Mexico, Mo. v. Maple Grove School Dist., 359 S.W.2d 743, 747[7] (Mo. 1962), indicates that there are circumstances in which an assignment of a pupil to take effect in the future is within the power of the authority making such an order, as long as the order remains unrevoked, but in the case before us the county superintendent of school did not make an assignment of petitioner in the future, beyond the ensuing year. Petitioner’s complaint that the board of education did not investigate and take into consideration twenty-one listed factors pertinent to the inquiry does not necessarily establish that the action of the board was arbitrary, capricious and unreasonable. When petitioner’s father requested the board to assign petitioner to Wright School it was not the duty or obligation of the board to conduct an independent investigation, or send out emissaries and investigators to report on all of the many factors involved. Its duty was to consider and act on the basis of all pertinent facts of which it had knowledge or information, but it was not up to the board to make a case for petitioner. The burden of proof was on petitioner to satisfy the board that Wright School was more accessible. While the board did not give petitioner or his father notice of the meeting at which the order of refusal was made, notice is not required under § 167.121, Red School Dist. No. 1 v. West Alton School Dist. No. 2, 162 S.W.2d 305, 1. c. 306[1] (Mo.App.1942) and further, petitioner’s father actually appeared at that meeting and therefore his appearance constituted a waiver of notice. May Department Stores Co. v. State Tax Commission, 308 S.W.2d 748, 759[8] (Mo.1958). The board did not act in a vacuum or in secret.

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Bluebook (online)
542 S.W.2d 55, 1976 Mo. App. LEXIS 2744, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-ex-rel-shepherd-ex-rel-shepherd-v-st-louis-county-board-of-moctapp-1976.