State Ex Rel. Adult & Family Services Division v. Bradley

650 P.2d 91, 58 Or. App. 663, 1982 Ore. App. LEXIS 3170
CourtCourt of Appeals of Oregon
DecidedAugust 25, 1982
DocketD 8008 66894, CA A22419
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 650 P.2d 91 (State Ex Rel. Adult & Family Services Division v. Bradley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Oregon primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State Ex Rel. Adult & Family Services Division v. Bradley, 650 P.2d 91, 58 Or. App. 663, 1982 Ore. App. LEXIS 3170 (Or. Ct. App. 1982).

Opinions

[665]*665WARDEN, J.

This is a filiation proceeding brought under ORS 109.125(1)(b).1 On August 25, 1980, plaintiff filed a complaint alleging that defendant was the father of a child born out of wedlock and seeking a decree adjudging him to be the father and requiring him to pay child support. Defendant filed a general denial and requested dismissal of the proceeding, contending that the six-year statute of limitations barred the action. The trial court denied defendant’s motion, finding the statute of limitations unconstitutional, because it denied the child equal protection of the laws. After trial to the court, a final judgment was entered against defendant, establishing paternity and ordering him to pay $60 per month child support. Defendant appeals, contending that the trial court erred in declaring the statute of limitations unconstitutional and denying his motion to dismiss. We affirm.

This action accrued against defendant on October 7, 1972, the date of birth of the child. At that time, ORS 109.135 limited the time for bringing filiation proceedings to six years.2 In 1979, the legislature amended ORS 109.135(3) to enlarge the limitation period to ten years.3 Plaintiff brought this action in August, 1980, and conceded [666]*666in the trial court that the six-year statute of limitations applied.4 Therefore, unless the statute was tolled, or unless some defect in the statute exists, plaintiffs right to prosecute this cause of action ran on October 7, 1978, and defendant must prevail.

Plaintiff first argues that the statute of limitations was tolled or, alternatively, that defendant is estopped to rely on the statute as a defense because of his conduct in sending the child cards signed “Dad,” encouraging her to call him “Dad” and otherwise acting as though he was her father.5 To constitute equitable estoppel, or estoppel by conduct, there must be a false representation made by a party with the intention that it should be acted upon by the other party, and the other party must have been induced to act upon it. Donahoe v. Eugene Planing Mill, 252 Or 543, 545, 450 P2d 762 (1969). Plaintiff presented no evidence that the child, the mother, or plaintiff failed to bring the action sooner in reliance upon defendant’s conduct. Absent the elements of reliance or inducement, there is no equitable estoppel.

Plaintiff’s second contention is that ORS 109.135(3) violates the Equal Protection Clauses of the Oregon and federal constitutions in that it discriminates against illegitimate children by requiring them to bring filiation actions within six years of their births or be forever barred from seeking support from their fathers.

At the outset, defendant contends that plaintiff has no standing to challenge the constitutionality of the statute, because it is the child’s constitutional right, not plaintiffs right, that is being asserted. Defendant does not [667]*667appear to have raised that issue before the trial court.6 Although standing to sue is a jurisdictional matter requiring our attention regardless of whether an objection is made below, standing to assert constitutional rights of third parties is not.7 The United States Supreme Court has stated many times that “limitations on a litigant’s assertion of jus tertii [third-party rights] are not constitutionally mandated, but rather stem from a salutary ‘rule of self-restraint’ * * Craig v. Boren, 429 US 190, 193, 97 S Ct 451, 50 L Ed 2d 397 (1976). Having failed to preserve an objection to plaintiffs standing to challenge the constitutionality of ORS 109.135(3) on behalf of the child, and presenting no compelling reason for us to consider it, defendant is precluded from asserting it on appeal. See State v. Kral, 55 Or App 212, 637 P2d 1300 (1981).

On the merits, plaintiff contends that ORS 109.135(3) is unconstitutional as a violation of the child’s right to equal protection. The trial court, in denying defendant’s motion to dismiss, summarized the argument:

“The rationale for holding ORS 109.135 unconstitutional is that the opportunity for an ‘illegitimate’ child to seek support from his or her parents should be identical to the opportunity afforded the ‘legitimate’ child. The test for legislation which creates a classification based on illegitimacy is that the classification must bear a substantial relationship to the State’s interest which is the basis of such legislation. (See Gomez v. Perez, 409 US 535, (1973); State v. West, 378 So 2nd 1220, (1979); County of Lenoir v. Johnson, 264 SE 2nd 816 (1980).)
“Justice requires that all children be treated equally under the law. A disparate treatment of children born in or out of wedlock would be inconsistent with the ideals of fair play enshrined in our Bill of Rights. It is accordingly held that the ‘illegitimate’ child’s right to support from the natural parent is a substantial right and is a right equal to that of the ‘legitimate’ child’s. Hence, any statute limiting [668]*668this right during a child’s minority works an illogical injustice on a child born out of wedlock and is constitutionally impermissible.”

Subsequent to that ruling, and after argument to this court, the United States Supreme Court held that a Texas statute barring paternity suits brought on behalf of illegitimate children more than one year after birth denied illegitimate children equal protection of the law. Mills v. Habluetzel, 456 US 91, 102 S Ct 1549, 71 L Ed 2d 770 (1982). After reviewing its holding in Gomez v. Perez, 409 US 535, 538, 93 S Ct 872, 35 L Ed 2d 56 (1973), that “a State may not invidiously discriminate against illegitimate children by denying them substantial benefits accorded children generally,” the Court stated that:

“the support opportunity provided by this State to illegitimate children must be more than illusory. * * * It would hardly satisfy the demands of equal protection and the holding of Gomez to remove an ‘impenetrable barrier’ to support, only to replace it with an opportunity so truncated that few could utilize it effectively.” 456 US at 97.

The court in Mills, however, did not go so far as to declare every statute of limitations pertaining to filiation proceedings invalid, stating that:

“* * * [in] support suits by illegitimate children more than in support suits by legitimate children, the State has an interest in preventing the prosecution of stale or fraudulent claims, and may impose greater restrictions on the former than it imposes on the latter.

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State Ex Rel. Adult & Family Services Division v. Bradley
650 P.2d 91 (Court of Appeals of Oregon, 1982)

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Bluebook (online)
650 P.2d 91, 58 Or. App. 663, 1982 Ore. App. LEXIS 3170, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-ex-rel-adult-family-services-division-v-bradley-orctapp-1982.