State, Dept. of Revenue v. PPL MONTANA, LLC

2007 MT 310, 172 P.3d 1241, 340 Mont. 124, 2007 Mont. LEXIS 567
CourtMontana Supreme Court
DecidedDecember 4, 2007
DocketDA 06-0477
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 2007 MT 310 (State, Dept. of Revenue v. PPL MONTANA, LLC) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Montana Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State, Dept. of Revenue v. PPL MONTANA, LLC, 2007 MT 310, 172 P.3d 1241, 340 Mont. 124, 2007 Mont. LEXIS 567 (Mo. 2007).

Opinions

JUSTICE MORRIS

delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1 PPL Montana, LLC (PPLM) appeals from the decision of the Eighth Judicial District Court, Cascade County, denying PPLM’s claim that the Montana Department of Revenue (DOR) deprived PPLM of constitutional equal protection when it assessed PPLM’s property taxes. DOR cross-appeals from the District Court’s determination to uphold the State Tax Appeals Board’s (STAB’s) decision to lower DOR’s appraisal of PPLM’s property.

¶2 We review the following issues on appeal:

¶3 Did DOR’s property tax assessment deprive PPLM of constitutional equal protection?

¶4 Did the District Court correctly affirm STAB’s decision to lower DOR’s appraisal of PPLM’s property?

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶5 PPLM acquired most of the Montana Power Company’s (MPC’s) electric generation assets in 1999 as part of Montana’s deregulation of its electric power industry. PPLM paid approximately $769,746,000 for 11 hydroelectric generation plants, a reservoir, the J.E. Corette Electric Generating plant, and partial interests in three coal-fired power plants, known as Colstrip units 1, 2, and 3.

[126]*126¶6 DOR determined, pursuant to § 15-23-101(2), MCA, that PPLM was “operating a single and continuous property operated in more than one county ....” Accordingly, DOR “centrally assessed” PPLM’s newly acquired property, rather than permitting the individual counties to assess that portion of PPLM’s property within their jurisdictions.

¶7 DOR’s administrative regulations require it to appraise the value of property owned by “centrally assessed companies,” such as utilities, with the “unit method of valuation” “whenever appropriate.” Admin. R. M. 42.22.111(1) (2007). DOR explains that it appraises utilities as a “unit” in light of the fact that the individual properties owned by utilities have no value, over and above their salvage value, except as integral parts of the very business in which they operate.

¶8 DOR applies the unit method of valuation to determine the utility’s total value. DOR first considers the utility’s tangible and intangible assets, regardless of where those assets may be located. Admin. R. M. 42.22.101(30)-(31) (2007). DOR then subtracts the utility’s intangible personal property. Section 15-6-218, MCA; Admin. R. M. 42.22.110 (2007). DOR assigns a portion of the utility’s total value to the utility’s assets located in Montana based on the proportion of the utility’s assets located in Montana as compared to the utility’s total assets. Admin. R. M. 42.22.101(30)-(31) (2007). DOR considers that portion of the utility’s value that it assigns to the utility’s Montana-based assets to represent the “fair market value” of those assets for purposes of property taxes. See Admin. R. M. 42.22.121(1) (2007). DOR’s appraisal must reflect “100% of [the property’s] market value.” Section 15-8-111, MCA.

¶9 DOR combines three valuation methods to appraise the utility’s value as unit: the cost method, the income method, and the market method. Admin. R. M. 42.22.111(1) (2007). The cost method generally reflects what the utility paid for its assets or what it would have to pay to replace those assets. Admin. R. M. 42.22.112(1) (2007). The income method reflects the current value of the utility’s historical or future income streams. Admin. R. M. 42.22.114(1) (2007). The market method looks to the utility’s stock value or the sale price for similar utilities in the past. Admin. R. M. 42.22.113 (2007). DOR uses its discretion to combine these various methods to arrive at a single value that best reflects the utility’s fair market value. Admin. R. M. 42.22.111(1) (2007). DOR determines what weight to give to each method’s result depending on such discretionary factors as whether the data that the particular method uses is sufficiently reliable. Admin. R. M. 42.22.111(2) (2007). DOR then, as described above, allocates to the [127]*127utility’s Montana-based assets that portion of the company’s “unit value” that “represents the state’s proper share of the market value of the centrally assessed company’s operating property.” Admin. R. M. 42.22.121(1) (2007).

¶10 DOR applied the unit method of valuation to PPLM’s property to arrive at a total market value of PPLM’s electric generation and pollution control equipment (PCE) for the years 2000,2001, and 2002. Montana law classifies electric generation property and pollution control equipment separately as Class 13, § 15-6-156, MCA, and class 5, § 15-6-135, MCA, respectively, and declares different tax rates for these properties. DOR relied solely on the cost approach in the year 2000 to arrive at a market value of $706,736,726 for PPLM’s electric generation property and $74,629,373 for PPLM’s PCE, for a total fair market value of $781,366,099. DOR’s data for its year 2000 assessment originated from PPLM’s independently audited financial statements for 1999 and from PPLM’s purchase price information for MPC’s assets provided by PPLM’s accountant, Delloite & Touche (D&T).

¶11 Another of PPLM’s accountants, PricewaterhouseCoopers, later issued revised financial statements for the years 1999 and 2000. PPLM’s revised financial statements included a different “book value” for its electric generation assets to reflect PPLM’s “sale and lease-back” of its interest in Colstrip units 1, 2 and 3. PPLM had sold its interest in Coalstrip units 1, 2, and 3 to institutional investors and then immediately leased the properties back from those investors. PPLM analogized the sale and lease-back to a mortgage on a house, and argued that the arrangement had no effect on the actual market value of its assets for purposes of property taxes.

¶12 DOR determined that the sale and lease-back reflected a more accurate valuation of the Colstrip units, however, and, accordingly, raised its appraisal of PPLM’s assets in 2001. DOR calculated a value of $769,234,685 for PPLM’s electric generation property and a value of $69,240,822 for its PCE for a total fair market value of $838,475,507 in 2001.

¶13 DOR concluded in 2002 that it had sufficient income data from PPLM’s operations to incorporate the income valuation approach into its assessment. DOR combined 10% of the income value approach with 90% of the cost approach to arrive at a value of $729,462,534 for PPLM’s electric generating property, and a value of $93,401,040 for its PCE, for a total fair market value of $822,863,574.

¶14 PPLM challenged DOR’s assessment of PPLM’s electric generating property. PPLM and DOR attempted to negotiate a [128]*128settlement over the next two years. The parties failed to reach a settlement, however, and PPLM appealed its tax assessments for the years 2000,2001, and 2002 to STAB. PPLM challenged DOR’s decision to assess centrally its electric generation assets and DOR’s ultimate valuation of those assets. PPLM also alleged that DOR had failed to exempt the proper amount of intangible personal property owned by PPLM, and that DOR had failed to classify the proper amount of its property as PCE. Lastly, PPLM alleged that DOR had deprived it of equal protection when it failed to equalize properly its property tax burden with other comparable electric generation facilities in Montana. PPLM pointed out that DOR had appraised other utilities-specifically Avista and Puget Sound Electric (PSE)-less on their comparable electric generation facilities.

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Bluebook (online)
2007 MT 310, 172 P.3d 1241, 340 Mont. 124, 2007 Mont. LEXIS 567, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-dept-of-revenue-v-ppl-montana-llc-mont-2007.