State Auto Insurance Companies v. Briley

140 F.R.D. 394, 1992 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 845, 1992 WL 10565
CourtDistrict Court, E.D. Missouri
DecidedJanuary 23, 1992
DocketNo. 91-1049C(5)
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 140 F.R.D. 394 (State Auto Insurance Companies v. Briley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, E.D. Missouri primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State Auto Insurance Companies v. Briley, 140 F.R.D. 394, 1992 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 845, 1992 WL 10565 (E.D. Mo. 1992).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM AND ORDER

LIMBAUGH, District Judge.

Plaintiff has brought this declaratory judgment action against the insured-defendants seeking to declare the rights of the parties under a certain fire policy with respect to a loss claim made by the insured-defendants. Plaintiff refuses to honor the loss claim because it believes that the fire (which destroyed defendants’ home) was intentionally set or intentionally caused to be set by the defendants. The defendants have counterclaimed for vexatious refusal to pay their loss claim. The instant matter involves the plaintiff’s motion to compel discovery, filed December 2, 1991.

In Missouri, the defense of arson by an insurer in a civil action on an insurance policy need only be established by a preponderance of the evidence, and the evidence may be circumstantial rather than direct. Thomure v. Truck Insurance Exchange, 781 F.2d 141, 142 (8th C.1986); Nationwide Mutual Fire Insurance Co. v. Fleming, 750 F.Supp. 996, 999 (E.D.Mo.1990). The burden of proof is on the insurer to show that the defendant intentionally set the fire or caused it to be set. A broad range of circumstantial evidence may be presented to the jury or factfinder for consideration. Thomure, at 142. However, the insurer must still establish by a preponderance of the evidence four elements in order to establish an arson defense. The elements are: (1) the incendiary nature of the fire; (2) motive on the part of the defendant to set the fire or have it set by someone else; (3) opportunity for the defendant to set the fire or have it set by someone else; and (4) inculpating circumstances which are relatively strong. Nationwide Mutual Ins. Co., at 999.

Contested Production Requests nos. 4, 10, 22 and 26 deal with the defendants’ financial status prior to the fire in question. Defendants object to this discovery as too broad in its timeframe, lacking specificity, and requesting business records which the defendants feel are irrelevant to the lawsuit. Plaintiff requests this financial information in order to establish a motive for the alleged arson.

Financial difficulty is sufficient to establish a motive for arson. Nationwide, at 1000; Ferguson v. Am. Family Mut. Ins. Co., 566 F.Supp. 1090, 1092 (E.D.Mo.1983). This financial difficulty would include business losses directly involving the insured-defendants. Such evidence is routinely considered by the courts. See, Fer[396]*396guson, supra.; McCreery v. Continental Ins. Co., 788 S.W.2d. 307 (Mo.App.1990) (rehearing, transfer denied). However, such evidence must be within a relevant timeframe surrounding the suspected arson so as to strongly suggest a financial motive for the fire. Both parties rely on McIntosh v. Eagle Fire Co. of New York, 325 F.2d. 99 (8th Cir.1963) to support their opinions as to what constitutes a relevant timeframe. The Court in McIntosh allowed the production of tax records for the three (3) years prior to the alleged arson. McIntosh, at 100. This Court agrees that three (3) .years prior to the alleged arson is a sufficient timeframe in which to assess the defendants financial status. Since the alleged arson took place on December 31, 1990 the Court will only require business and personal financial records for the years 1988, 1989, and 1990.

Furthermore, as to Production Request # 10, the Court agrees that this request is too broad in scope. Although the plaintiff believes that several years of grocery store receipts are relevant, the Court does not share this belief. Tax records and bank records are indicative of the defendants’ financial status, supermarket checkout receipts are not.

Contested Production Requests nos. 24, 25 and Interrogatory 5 deal with other claims (besides the instant one) and reports concerning the present loss made by the defendants. The Court agrees that # 25 is extremely broad and vague as to the types of reports and agencies that defendants may have contacted. However, #24 and Interrogatory 5 are proper, except for the unspecified timeframe. Request # 24 and Interrogatory 5 shall also be limited to the years 1988, 1989, and 1990.

Contested Interrogatory 16(b) requests the identity and facts known or opinions held by non-testifying experts the defendants consulted, retained or specifically employed in anticipation of litigation or preparation for trial. Defendants object to this interrogatory as being barred by Rule 26(b)(4)(B). Plaintiff claims that the identity of non-testifying experts is routinely discoverable under Rule 26 and that if exceptional circumstances are shown, the facts known and opinions held by such experts is also discoverable.

This issue has sharply divided the courts. See, Wright & Miller, § 2032 (1970 ed. and 1991 Supp.). Plaintiff cites Baki v. B.F. Diamond Const. Co., 71 F.R.D. 179 (D.Md.1976) in support of its request for the identity of defendants’ non-testifying experts. Plaintiff further cites Sea Colony v. Continental Ins. Co., 63 F.R.D. 113 (D.Del.1974) for the proposition that a showing of exceptional circumstances is necessary only to obtain the facts known and opinions held by non-testifying experts; a showing of exceptional circumstances is not required to obtain their identity.

Rule 26(b)(4)(B) provides as follows:

A party may discover facts known or opinions held by an expert who has been retained or specially employed by another party in anticipation of litigation or preparation for trial and who is not expected to be called as a witness at trial, only as provided in Rule 35(b) or upon a showing of exceptional circumstances under which it is impracticable for the parties seeking discovery to obtain facts or opinions on the same subject by other means.

The Advisory Committee Note to the 1970 Amendment, in addressing Rule 26(b)(4)(B), states in pertinent part:

Under [subdivision (b)(4)(B) ], a party may discover facts known or opinions held by such an expert only on a showing of exceptional circumstances under which it is impracticable for the party seeking discovery to obtain facts or opinions on the same subject by other means. Subdivision (b)(4)(B) ... precludes discovery against experts who were informally consulted in preparation for trial, but not retained or specially employed. As an ancillary proceeding a party may on a proper showing require the other party to name experts retained or specially employed but not those informally consulted.

Only two decisions within the Eighth Circuit have addressed Rule 26(b)(4)(B) and [397]*397both decisions prohibited the discoverability of non-testifying experts. The Minnesota district court in Kuster v. Hamer, 109 F.R.D. 372 (D.Minn.1986) blatantly refused to follow the rationale expressed in Baki and instead agreed with the reasoning of the Tenth Circuit in Agar v. Stormont Hospital and Training School for Nurses, 622 F.2d. 496 (10th Cir.1980). The courts in both Agar and Kuster thoroughly examined Rule 26, including the Advisory Committee Note, and concluded (contrary to the Baki court) that the subdivision (b)(4)(B) restriction on discovery of non-testifying experts constituted a specific limitation upon the general rule of discovery found in subdivision (b)(1). Agar, at 502-503; Kuster, at 373-375.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
140 F.R.D. 394, 1992 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 845, 1992 WL 10565, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-auto-insurance-companies-v-briley-moed-1992.