Stacy v. Middlesex County Sheriff

7 Mass. L. Rptr. 723
CourtMassachusetts Superior Court
DecidedJanuary 9, 1998
DocketNo. 956072C
StatusPublished

This text of 7 Mass. L. Rptr. 723 (Stacy v. Middlesex County Sheriff) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Massachusetts Superior Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Stacy v. Middlesex County Sheriff, 7 Mass. L. Rptr. 723 (Mass. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinion

Gershengorn, J.

Plaintiff, Mark Stacy, brought an action against defendants claiming they violated the ex post facto and equal protection2 clauses of the Federal and State Constitutions by changing the earned good time credit policy of the main building of Billerica House of Corrections (“Billerica”). Defendants now move for summary judgment on the ex post facto claim on the grounds that the revised good time credit policy does not increase the punishment imposed on Stacy for crimes he committed prior to the revision. For the reasons set forth below, defendants’ motion for summary judgment is allowed.

BACKGROUND

The following facts are undisputed. In 1989, in the class action suit Doyle v. McGonigle, Civil No. 89-1519 (Middlesex Super. Ct. 1989), the court found the overcrowding at Billerica to be unconstitutional. In response to this finding, the parties signed a “Memorandum of Understanding,” which placed a cap on the number of inmates allowed to be held in each building at Billerica. To achieve the caps, a new earned good time credit policy was adopted which allowed inmates to earn sentence deductions of up to 12.5 days per month for participation in three categories: work, education and treatment. The inmates could earn a maximum of 7.5 days of credit in each category per month up to the 12.5 days overall maximum.

In April 1995, a disturbance occurred in Billerica’s main building, resulting in a need for tightened security and safety measures. A “two-platoon" system was instituted whereby half of the inmate population was permitted outside of their cells in the morning and the other half was allowed out in the afternoon. Thus, inmates had less of an opportunity to earn good time credits since they had less time outside of their cells. Additionally, in May 1995, the earned good time policy was revised, thereby reducing the maximum days of credit in each category per month to 5.0 (“May 1995 revised policy”). However, the overall 12.5 days per month maximum was maintained. This revised policy applied only to inmates in the main building.

Stacy committed numerous crimes in February 1995 and was sentenced in March 1995. Thus, at the times Stacy committed the crimes and was sentenced, the old good time policy applied wherein he could earn up to 7.5 days per month in each category up to the 12.5 days per month overall maximum. Subsequently, during Stacy’s incarceration at Billerica’s main building, the May 1995 revised policy was adopted, thereby reducing his opportunity to earn good time credit days in each category to 5 days per month. No where is it alleged that Stacy took part in the fight which resulted in the new restrictions placed on inmates in the main building.

DISCUSSION

Summary judgment shall be granted where there are no material facts in dispute and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Cassesso v. Commissioner of Correction, 390 Mass. 419, 422 (1983); Community National Bank v. Dawes, 369 Mass. 550, 553 (1976); Mass.R.Civ.P. 56(c). The moving parly bears the burden of affirmatively demonstrating the absence of a triable issue and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. [724]*724Pederson v. Time Inc., 404 Mass. 14, 16-17 (1989). With respect to any claim on which the moving party does not have the burden of proof at trial, the movant may demonstrate the absence of a triable issue either by submitting affirmative evidence that negates an essential element of the opponent’s case or “by demonstrating that proof of that element is unlikely to be forthcoming at trial.” Flesner v. Technical Communications Corp., 410 Mass. 805, 809 (1991); Kourouvacilis v. General Motors Corp., 410 Mass. 706, 716 (1991). “If the moving party establishes the absence of a triable issue, the party opposing the motion must respond and allege specific facts which would establish the existence of a genuine issue of material fact in order to defeat [the] motion ...” Pederson, 404 Mass. at 17. The non-moving party, however, cannot defeat the motion for summary judgment by resting on his or her pleadings and mere assertions of disputed facts. LaLonde v. Eissner, 405 Mass. 207, 209 (1989).

Stacy contends that defendants violated the ex post facto clause by reducing his opportunity to earn good time credits under G.L.c. 127, §129D, thus increasing the length of his sentence. He argues that the May 1995 revised policy limiting the amount of credits a prisoner is eligible to earn in each category and the elimination of certain programs makes it impossible for him to earn 12.5 days per month, thereby creating an ex post facto violation.3 This argument is without merit.

The ex post facto clause bars the retroactive application of newly enacted legislation imposing more onerous penalties for the same offense or making criminal an act that was not punishable at the time it was committed. Weaver v. Graham, 450 U.S. 31 (1981); Piper v. Perrin, 560 F.Sup. 253, 258 (D.N.H. 1983). See Colder v. Bull, 3 U.S. (3 Dall.) 386, 390 (1798). For purposes of this motion, the Court will assume that the May 1995 revised policy constituted a regulation possessing the full force and effect of law and, therefore, subject to the ex post facto prohibition. In the present case, Stacy remained eligible to earn the same number of good time credits under the May 1995 revised policy (12.5 days/month) as he was eligible to earn under the prior policy. The reduction of the amount of days per month credits allowed per category does not affect Stacy’s maximum or minimum prison sentence, the point at which he is eligible for parole, or his mandatory release date, since he is still eligible to earn the maximum of 12.5 days of credit per month. The fact that Stacy, under the May 1995 revised policy, must select programs from three categories rather than two categories to earn the maximum allowable amount of good time credits per month4 does not make the present policy more onerous.

Moreover, it is well-established that there is no constitutional right to earn good time credits; at most, there is a right to participate in available programs. Jackson v. Hogan, 388 Mass. 376, 379 (1983). Even the right to participate in available programs may be “constitutionally restricted by rules stemming from valid penological concerns such as security and order.” Id. The May 1995 revised policy did not affect Stacy’s eligibility to earn good time credits. It merely revised the method by which he obtained the maximum amount of credits. The fact that the two-platoon system and the May 1995 revised policy may have interacted to preclude Stacy from achieving the 12.5 credits maximum does not make the new policy ex post facto. The two-platoon system arose from valid penological concerns of security as they directly resulted from the disturbance which occurred in the main building of Billerica. Therefore, neither the May 1995 revised policy nor the two-platoon system violated the ex post facto clause.

Stacy argues that Weaver, 450 U.S. 31, stands for the proposition that a new law which makes it more difficult to earn “gain time” credits violates the ex post facto clause as it is more burdensome. Thus, Stacy claims that the May 1995 revised policy violates the ex post facto prohibition since it makes it harder for him to “max-out” with 12.-5 days credit. Stacy’s reliance on Weaver, however, is misplaced as Weaver

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Related

Lynce v. Mathis
519 U.S. 433 (Supreme Court, 1997)
Jackson v. Hogan
446 N.E.2d 692 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1983)
Pederson v. Time, Inc.
532 N.E.2d 1211 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1989)
LaLonde v. Eissner
539 N.E.2d 538 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1989)
Community National Bank v. Dawes
340 N.E.2d 877 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1976)
Kourouvacilis v. General Motors Corp.
575 N.E.2d 734 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1991)
Flesner v. Technical Communications Corp.
575 N.E.2d 1107 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1991)
Cassesso v. Commissioner of Correction
456 N.E.2d 1123 (Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court, 1983)
Piggott v. Commissioner of Correction
666 N.E.2d 1314 (Massachusetts Appeals Court, 1996)

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Bluebook (online)
7 Mass. L. Rptr. 723, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/stacy-v-middlesex-county-sheriff-masssuperct-1998.