BURGESS, J.
This is an action for damages alleged to have been sustained by plaintiff by reason of the negligent management of one of defendant’s engines by its servants, in consequence of which sparks of fire were emitted therefrom, and communicated to plaintiff’s property, thereby consuming it, to its damage in the sum of $23,421.99.
The case was tried by the court and jury.
The fire occurred on or about the twenty-seventh day of Eebruary, 1895. At that time and prior thereto plaintiff was operating a saw mill and furniture factory in the town of Black Rock, Arkansas. The mill was constructed close to a. spur track of defendant’s railroad which ran from the town down the river to some saw mills. West of this building, and immediately on the opposite side of this spur track, was located plaintiff’s lumber yards. About eighty feet due south of plaintiff’s saw mill building, and east of said spur track was located a large frame saw mill building known as the Deland Mill. The end of this building facing the spur track, was open. Near the open end of this building, and on the second floor, there was a large shingle machine, under which was a large hole or chute through which the shingles and refuse felk At the bottom of this chute, and on the ground floor, was a large pile of rubbish or refuse wooden matter. About five hundred feet southeast of plaintiff’s mill stood what was known as the Decker saw mill.
[482]*482About noon ou tbe day of tbe fire or shortly before that time, one of defendant’s railroad engines was engaged in switching on the spur track. It had gone'south of plaintiff’s mill building, picked up two empty box ears, and while backing along the track in front of the Deland mill building for the purpose of switching the two box cars off on another spur track, which extended down in front of the Decker mill, the engineer in charge reversed the engine, when the drive wheels were seen to slip upon the rails, and large volumes of black smoke and showers of cinders to escape from the' smoke stack, some of the cinders .being as large as grains of corn (one of which set fire to the hat of a bystander), which were carried by the wind towards the open end of the Deland mill, and within ten to thirty minutes thereafter fire was discovered at the foot of the chute under the shingle machine, which rapidly spread to and consumed plaintiff’s mill building and lumber yards.
The engine from which it is claimed by plaintiff the sparks escaped which caused the fire, had the most approved appliances for preventing the escape of sparks and cinders; was in first class condition, and the engineer, in whose control it was, experienced and careful in its management.
The principal part of plaintiff’s claim is for lumber destroyed by the fire. The jury returned a verdict for plaintiff, assessing its damages at $11,000. In due time defendant filed motion to set aside the verdict and for a new trial, which was sustained, and a new trial granted. From this order plaintiff appeals.
Plaintiff having appealed from the order of the court granting defendant a new trial, the burden rests upon it of showing that error was committed in so doing.
In the motion for a new trial a number of grounds are assigned therefor, the most important being the admission of irrelevant, incompetent and illegal testimony offered by plaintiff; the exclusion of proper, competent, material and [483]*483legal evidence offered by defendant; giving instructions by the court on the part of plaintiff and of its own motion; the refusal of instructions asked by defendant; modifying instructions asked by defendant and then giving them as modified ; that the instructions given were conflicting, misleading and contradictory; that the verdict of the jury was against the evidence, and against the law as declared by the court; that the damages assessed are excessive, and because since the trial defendant has discovered new and additional evidence which is not merely cumulative and does not simply impeach or contradict any witness at the former trial, and which would change the result in the event of another trial and could be secured at such trial, and which defendant could not have discovered by reasonable diligence.
The last ground in the motion for new trial, to wit,- newly discovered evidence, was supported by the affidavit of one of the attorneys for defendant which showed that it was no fault of it or of its attorneys that the evidence was not produced at the trial; and also by the affidavits of several witnesses whose evidence was not adduced by defendant at the trial, because unknown to the defendant, who knew the value of the lumber destroyed, and who placed it greatly below the value fixed, by the witnesses who testified in behalf of plaintiff, and the amount which must have been allowed for it by the jury.
On the twenty-fifth day of April, 1896, the motion for new trial was sustained upon the gi’ound as shown by the record, of newly discovered evidence.
Thereafter at the same term on motion of defendant the record entry was amended, and a nunc pro tunc entry of record made which read as follows: “In view of the fact that the evidence of the origin of the fire in this case is circumstantial, the location of the property to the railroad, the large amount involved and the large verdict rendered against the defendant, the testimony as to the value of the property destroyed is not as satisfactory as it ought to be, and if any [484]*484further testimony as to values can be bad, tbe defendant ought to have an opportunity to produce it. What is said is not intended as any reflection on the integrity of the witnesses who testified to the values, but the meagre testimony as to this point arises from the peculiar circumstances of the case. And the motion for a new trial will be sustained for the reason that the defendant has discovered new and additional evidence in the case as to values of the property destroyed, and which ought not be regarded as merely cumulative in this case.”
In order to entitle a party to a new trial upon the ground of newly discovered evidence it must be made to appear that the evidence must have been discovered since the trial, that it was not because of the want of the exercise of due diligence that it was not discovered before; it must be material to the issue, go to the merits of the cause, and not merely to impeach the character of a witness. Nor must it be merely cumulative, but must be such as ought to produce on another trial an opposite result on the merits.
Now it seems clear that the new evidence was discovered subsequently to the trial, and that it was not because of the want of the exercise of proper diligence by defendant that it was not discovered and produced at the trial; that it was material may be conceded because it tended strongly to show the value of the lumber to be much less than the value placed upon it by plaintiff’s witnesses, therefore the exces-siveness of the verdict; nor was it for the purpose of impeaching the character of a witness, but it was manifestly cumulative because with reference to a matter that a number of witnesses, both for the paintiff and the defendant, testified to upon the trial, that is, the value of the lumber. Cumulative evidence is said to be “additional evidence- of the same kind or degree as that previously given, and upon the same point, which in substance and effect simply repeats or adds to what has before been [485]*485testified.” [10 Am. and Eng. Ency.
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BURGESS, J.
This is an action for damages alleged to have been sustained by plaintiff by reason of the negligent management of one of defendant’s engines by its servants, in consequence of which sparks of fire were emitted therefrom, and communicated to plaintiff’s property, thereby consuming it, to its damage in the sum of $23,421.99.
The case was tried by the court and jury.
The fire occurred on or about the twenty-seventh day of Eebruary, 1895. At that time and prior thereto plaintiff was operating a saw mill and furniture factory in the town of Black Rock, Arkansas. The mill was constructed close to a. spur track of defendant’s railroad which ran from the town down the river to some saw mills. West of this building, and immediately on the opposite side of this spur track, was located plaintiff’s lumber yards. About eighty feet due south of plaintiff’s saw mill building, and east of said spur track was located a large frame saw mill building known as the Deland Mill. The end of this building facing the spur track, was open. Near the open end of this building, and on the second floor, there was a large shingle machine, under which was a large hole or chute through which the shingles and refuse felk At the bottom of this chute, and on the ground floor, was a large pile of rubbish or refuse wooden matter. About five hundred feet southeast of plaintiff’s mill stood what was known as the Decker saw mill.
[482]*482About noon ou tbe day of tbe fire or shortly before that time, one of defendant’s railroad engines was engaged in switching on the spur track. It had gone'south of plaintiff’s mill building, picked up two empty box ears, and while backing along the track in front of the Deland mill building for the purpose of switching the two box cars off on another spur track, which extended down in front of the Decker mill, the engineer in charge reversed the engine, when the drive wheels were seen to slip upon the rails, and large volumes of black smoke and showers of cinders to escape from the' smoke stack, some of the cinders .being as large as grains of corn (one of which set fire to the hat of a bystander), which were carried by the wind towards the open end of the Deland mill, and within ten to thirty minutes thereafter fire was discovered at the foot of the chute under the shingle machine, which rapidly spread to and consumed plaintiff’s mill building and lumber yards.
The engine from which it is claimed by plaintiff the sparks escaped which caused the fire, had the most approved appliances for preventing the escape of sparks and cinders; was in first class condition, and the engineer, in whose control it was, experienced and careful in its management.
The principal part of plaintiff’s claim is for lumber destroyed by the fire. The jury returned a verdict for plaintiff, assessing its damages at $11,000. In due time defendant filed motion to set aside the verdict and for a new trial, which was sustained, and a new trial granted. From this order plaintiff appeals.
Plaintiff having appealed from the order of the court granting defendant a new trial, the burden rests upon it of showing that error was committed in so doing.
In the motion for a new trial a number of grounds are assigned therefor, the most important being the admission of irrelevant, incompetent and illegal testimony offered by plaintiff; the exclusion of proper, competent, material and [483]*483legal evidence offered by defendant; giving instructions by the court on the part of plaintiff and of its own motion; the refusal of instructions asked by defendant; modifying instructions asked by defendant and then giving them as modified ; that the instructions given were conflicting, misleading and contradictory; that the verdict of the jury was against the evidence, and against the law as declared by the court; that the damages assessed are excessive, and because since the trial defendant has discovered new and additional evidence which is not merely cumulative and does not simply impeach or contradict any witness at the former trial, and which would change the result in the event of another trial and could be secured at such trial, and which defendant could not have discovered by reasonable diligence.
The last ground in the motion for new trial, to wit,- newly discovered evidence, was supported by the affidavit of one of the attorneys for defendant which showed that it was no fault of it or of its attorneys that the evidence was not produced at the trial; and also by the affidavits of several witnesses whose evidence was not adduced by defendant at the trial, because unknown to the defendant, who knew the value of the lumber destroyed, and who placed it greatly below the value fixed, by the witnesses who testified in behalf of plaintiff, and the amount which must have been allowed for it by the jury.
On the twenty-fifth day of April, 1896, the motion for new trial was sustained upon the gi’ound as shown by the record, of newly discovered evidence.
Thereafter at the same term on motion of defendant the record entry was amended, and a nunc pro tunc entry of record made which read as follows: “In view of the fact that the evidence of the origin of the fire in this case is circumstantial, the location of the property to the railroad, the large amount involved and the large verdict rendered against the defendant, the testimony as to the value of the property destroyed is not as satisfactory as it ought to be, and if any [484]*484further testimony as to values can be bad, tbe defendant ought to have an opportunity to produce it. What is said is not intended as any reflection on the integrity of the witnesses who testified to the values, but the meagre testimony as to this point arises from the peculiar circumstances of the case. And the motion for a new trial will be sustained for the reason that the defendant has discovered new and additional evidence in the case as to values of the property destroyed, and which ought not be regarded as merely cumulative in this case.”
In order to entitle a party to a new trial upon the ground of newly discovered evidence it must be made to appear that the evidence must have been discovered since the trial, that it was not because of the want of the exercise of due diligence that it was not discovered before; it must be material to the issue, go to the merits of the cause, and not merely to impeach the character of a witness. Nor must it be merely cumulative, but must be such as ought to produce on another trial an opposite result on the merits.
Now it seems clear that the new evidence was discovered subsequently to the trial, and that it was not because of the want of the exercise of proper diligence by defendant that it was not discovered and produced at the trial; that it was material may be conceded because it tended strongly to show the value of the lumber to be much less than the value placed upon it by plaintiff’s witnesses, therefore the exces-siveness of the verdict; nor was it for the purpose of impeaching the character of a witness, but it was manifestly cumulative because with reference to a matter that a number of witnesses, both for the paintiff and the defendant, testified to upon the trial, that is, the value of the lumber. Cumulative evidence is said to be “additional evidence- of the same kind or degree as that previously given, and upon the same point, which in substance and effect simply repeats or adds to what has before been [485]*485testified.” [10 Am. and Eng. Ency. of Law, 575, note 1.] The general rule is that a new trial will not be granted on the ground of newly discovered evidence, when such evidence is merely cumulative of that introduced at the former trial. [Beauchamp v. Sconce, 12 Mo. 57; State v. Larrimore, 20 Mo. 425; State v. Stumbo, 26 Mo. 306; Miller v. Whitson, 40 Mo. 97; Culbertson v. Hill, 87 Mo. 553; State v. Rochett, 87 Mo. 666; Dollman v. Munson, 90 Mo. 85; State v. Stewart, 127 Mo. 290; State v. Miller, 144 Mo. 26.]
Nor should a new trial be granted upon the ground of newly discovered evidence unless it be of such a character as would probably change the result if a new trial were granted. [Culbertson v. Hill, supra; Byrne v. Reed, 75 Cal. 277.] It is not sufficient in a case of this character that the new testimony would iñ all probability have reduced the damages which defendant claims are excessive, but it must clearly appear that if the new testimony had been before the jury the verdict would be so manifestly excessive as to entitle the defendant to a new trial. [Burlingame v. Cowee, 16 R. I. 40.]
The new evidence could have had no effect other than to reduce the damages, as it is not claimed by defendants that it went to any issue involved in the case except the damages, hence could not have changed the result of the trial.
While in each of the cases cited a motion for new trial upon the ground of newly discovered evidence was denied, and an appeal taken upon that ground, and in the case at bar the appeal is taken from an order granting a new trial upon the ground of the discovery of such evidence, they are authority for holding that a new trial should not be granted upon newly discovered evidence which is merely cumulative and could not possibly have changed the result. While the granting of a new trial is largely within the discretion of the trial court, in granting such trial it must not abuse its discretion or act in disregard of well settled legal principles.
[486]*486While the order granting the new trial specified the reasons therefor in the record, and no other ground can be considered on this appeal [Millar v. Madison Car Co., 130 Mo. 517], we are not disposed to give this order the restricted meaning contended for by plaintiff, but rather to give it the meaning which we think was intended by the court, and to which it occurs to us it is entitled by fair construction; and in doing this we attach no importance to the fact that the court at a subsequent day during the same term amended its order setting aside the verdict and granting a new trial, for this we think it clearly had the right to do.
While the order sustaining the motion and granting the new trial is rather inartistically drawn, it in effect says, that the evidence as to the origin of the fire, being circumstantial, was in view of the location of the property to the railroad unsatisfactory and the verdict as to the value of the property under the evidence excessive, and we think shows that the new trial was not granted upon the ground of newly discovered evidence alone, but for all the reasons specified in the order. If this was not the intention of the court, and is not the meaning of the order, it is scarcely probable that it would have made special mention of those facts in the order, and to hold otherwise would be to disregard them. The order must be construed as a whole, and full force and effect given to all its provisions, and when this shall have been done, it must be held to embrace grounds other than newly discovered evidence, upon either of which the court committed no abuse of its discretion in sustaining the motion for a new trial.
The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed, and the cause remanded to that court for further trial.
GaNTTj P. J., and Shebwood, J., concur.