Spring v. Allegany-Limestone Central Sch. Dist.

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedJuly 14, 2016
Docket15-3909-cv
StatusUnpublished

This text of Spring v. Allegany-Limestone Central Sch. Dist. (Spring v. Allegany-Limestone Central Sch. Dist.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Spring v. Allegany-Limestone Central Sch. Dist., (2d Cir. 2016).

Opinion

15‐3909‐cv Spring v. Allegany‐Limestone Central Sch. Dist.

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 14th day of July, two thousand sixteen.

PRESENT: RICHARD C. WESLEY, DEBRA ANN LIVINGSTON, GERARD E. LYNCH, Circuit Judges. ______________________

KERI SPRING, EUGENE SPRING, JULIANNE SPRING, EUGENE SPRING AND KERI SPRING, on behalf of Gregory Spring, KERI SPRING, as the duly appointed administrator of the estate of Gregory Spring,

Plaintiffs‐Appellants,

‐v.‐ No. 15‐3909

ALLEGANY‐LIMESTONE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT, THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE ALLEGANY‐

1 LIMESTONE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT, KAREN GEELAN, Superintendent, JOE ZIMMER, President, PHIL QUINLIN, Vice President, MATTHEW KAHM, Member, JEFF BLACK, Member, DAVID FARRELL, Member, JAY KING, Member, KIM PALMER, Member, SUE SCHIFLEY, Member, MAGGIE NUSS, Member, KEVIN STRAUB, Principal, DIANE LOWRY, Teacher Assistant, ERIC HEMPHILL, Teacher/Coach, CHRISTOPHER KENYON, Teacher/Coach, JOHN WOLFGANG, Psychologist, ROBERT DECKER, Psychologist, all in their individual and official capacity, MICHAEL EASTON, and JACOB ROWE,

Defendants‐Appellees,

JOHN DOE(S), JANE DOE, administrators, representatives, agents, employees, and servants of the Allegany‐Limestone Central School District, JOHN DOE(S), JANE DOE, students of the Allegany‐Limestone High School,

Defendants. ______________________

2 FOR APPELLANTS: DANIEL FLYNN (A.J. Bosman, on the brief), Bosman Law Firm, L.L.C., Canastota, NY.

FOR APPELLEES JENNA W. KLUCSIK, Sugarman Law Firm, ALLEGANY‐LIMESTONE LLP, Syracuse, NY. CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT, THE BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE ALLEGANY‐LIMESTONE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT, KAREN GEELAN, JOE ZIMMER, PHIL QUINLAN, MATTHEW KAHM, JEFF BLACK, DAVID FARRELL, JAY KING, KIM PALMER, SUE SCHIFLEY, MAGGIE NUSS, KEVIN STRAUB, ERIC HEMPHILL, CHRISTOPHER KENYON, JOHN WOLFGANG AND ROBERT DECKER:

FOR APPELLEE DIANE AIMÉE LAFEVER KOCH, Osborn, Reed & LOWRY: Burke, LLP, Rochester, NY.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of New York (Skretny, J.).

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,

ADJUDGED AND DECREED that the orders and judgment of the District

Court are AFFIRMED in part and VACATED in part, and the case is

REMANDED for further proceedings.

3 Plaintiffs‐Appellants Keri, Eugene, and Julianne Spring appeal from

several orders and a judgment of the United States District Court for the Western

District of New York (Skretny, J.), which together granted a motion to dismiss

their claims under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C.

§ 12132; the Rehabilitation Act, 29 U.S.C. § 794(a); 42 U.S.C. § 1983, based on

alleged violations of the First Amendment, as well as the Due Process and Equal

Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment; the New York Constitution,

the New York Civil Rights Law; and New York common law; and further denied

leave to amend with respect to the ADA and Rehabilitation Act claims. Plaintiffs

filed their lawsuit against the defendants in this case after the tragic suicide of

their son and brother, Gregory Spring, a seventeen‐year‐old boy with disabilities.

We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts and the procedural

history, which we reference only as necessary to explain our conclusions.

First, with respect to the District Court’s denial of leave to amend the

pleadings, we review such denials for abuse of discretion, while keeping in mind

the balance between the federal rules’ liberal policy towards amendment and a

court’s interest in finality. See Williams v. Citigroup Inc., 659 F.3d 208, 212–13 (2d

Cir. 2011) (per curiam) (citing Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178 (1962)). A district

4 court necessarily abuses its discretion “if it based its ruling on an erroneous view

of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence.” Highmark Inc. v.

Allcare Health Mgmt. Sys., Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1744, 1748 n.2 (2014) (internal quotation

marks omitted). The District Court dismissed Plaintiffs’ ADA and Rehabilitation

Act claims on the ground that the complaint failed to allege adequately that

Gregory’s named conditions susbtantially limited him in a major life activity and

further determined that the proposed amendments to the complaint failed to

cure this defect. We conclude that in holding that the proposed amendments did

not allege a qualifying disability through specific facts about Gregory, App. 208–

09, the District Court clearly misconstrued the amended pleadings and

misapplied the law. The proposed second amended complaint explicitly

identified the effects of Gregory’s conditions on his major life activities of, inter

alia, “speaking,” “learning,” “concentrating,” and “communicating,” identifying

“a long‐standing record of suffering with a variety of motor and vocal tics” with

a specific list of examples including “outbursts,” “involuntary knee slapping and

eye blinking tics,” “repetitive utterance of foul language,” and “repetitive

questioning.” App. 186. It further alleged that the effects intensified “during

periods of stress or unfamiliar settings or situations” and that his disabilities

5 “substantially limited his ability to communicate” because “he was unable to

recognize emotions communicated by tone of voice and misunderstanding of

social cues.” App. 185–86. Taken together, the proposed amendments alleged

sufficient facts to make plausible that the impact on Gregory’s learning ability,

which also prompted a need for special education services, constituted a

substantial limitation. On the facts alleged, therefore, we conclude that these

proposed amendments would have sufficed to meet the requirements of a

qualifying disability, particularly given the ADA Amendments Act of 2008’s

significant relaxation of the standard for substantial limits on major life activities.

See, e.g., Parada v. Banco Industrial de Venezuela, C.A., 753 F.3d 62, 68 & n.3 (2d Cir.

2014). Accordingly, we vacate the District Court’s denial of leave to amend and

so much of the judgment as dismissed Plaintiffs’ ADA and Rehabilitation Act

claims.

We affirm the District Court’s dismissal of Plaintiffs’ substantive due

process claims but for different reasons than those articulated below. See

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Related

Foman v. Davis
371 U.S. 178 (Supreme Court, 1962)
County of Sacramento v. Lewis
523 U.S. 833 (Supreme Court, 1998)
Ashcroft v. Iqbal
556 U.S. 662 (Supreme Court, 2009)
Williams v. Citigroup Inc.
659 F.3d 208 (Second Circuit, 2011)
Farmer v. Brennan
511 U.S. 825 (Supreme Court, 1994)
Highmark Inc. v. Allcare Health Management System, Inc.
134 S. Ct. 1744 (Supreme Court, 2014)
Suffolk Parents of Handicapped Adults v. Wingate
101 F.3d 818 (Second Circuit, 1996)
Parada v. Banco Industrial de Venezuela, C.A.
753 F.3d 62 (Second Circuit, 2014)

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Spring v. Allegany-Limestone Central Sch. Dist., Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/spring-v-allegany-limestone-central-sch-dist-ca2-2016.