Spencer v. Spencer

752 N.E.2d 661, 2001 Ind. App. LEXIS 1286, 2001 WL 849880
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedJuly 30, 2001
Docket87A05-0011-CV-497
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 752 N.E.2d 661 (Spencer v. Spencer) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Spencer v. Spencer, 752 N.E.2d 661, 2001 Ind. App. LEXIS 1286, 2001 WL 849880 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001).

Opinions

OPINION

RILEY, Judge.

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

Appellant-Petitioner, Jo Aun Spencer (Wife), appeals the property settlement agreement incorporated into the decree dissolving her marriage to Appellee-Re-spondent, Fred J. Spencer (Husband).

We reverse and remand for further proceedings.

ISSUE

Wife raises two issues on appeal, one of which is dispositive:

Whether the trial court properly approved a property settlement agreement entered into orally by the parties at the conclusion of mediation, but not memorialized by an executed, written document pri- or to Wife's repudiation of its terms.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On February 20, 1998, the Wife filed a Verified Petition for Dissolution of Marriage. During the course of their dissolution proceeding, the parties agreed to mediate their marital property distribution.

The mediation was conducted on October 6, 1998. After approximately three and one-half hours, it concluded with an oral agreement that the mediator dictated in the presence of the parties, who then left, The same day, the mediator prepared a written version of the agreement and faxed a copy to both parties On October 8, 1998, the mediator reported to the trial court that "at the conclusion of mediation, an agreement was reached on all issues and proposed Decree of Dissolution was dictated in the presence of the parties and circulated to counsel for signature, the matter having been amicably resolved." (R. 58).

When Husband's counsel received the dictated Decree of Dissolution, he requested six (6) changes, none of which were substantive. The mediator incorporated [663]*663these changes and prepared a new Decree, which he mailed to parties' counsel. Wife, however, refused to execute the Decree because she did not agree with its terms. Instead, she submitted a list of additional marital property she wanted. In explaining the basis for her refusal to sign the decree, she claimed that the length of the mediation, combined with the mediator's conduct, "deprived her of the ability to make a considered judgment," and that it was her understanding that upon receipt of the written Decree, "she would have the opportunity to accept or reject the same." (R. 176).

On November 12, 1998, Husband cross-petitioned for dissolution. Six days later, he filed a Verified Motion to Enforce Agreement for Settlement and for Sanctions.

At the final hearing held December 8, 1998, instead of presenting evidence as to the marital property, its value, and the parties' respective wishes regarding distribution, the trial court heard limited testimony from the mediator and Husband's former counsel regarding the conduct of the mediation. The only evidence of marital property was testimony from another former attorney of Husband, regarding an alleged inheritance due to Husband in the range of Five to Six Hundred Dollars, which had been omitted from the proposed property distribution. Pursuant to Husband's request at the hearing, the trial court bifurcated the issues and granted Husband's cross-petition for dissolution, but took Husband's Motion to Enforce the mediated agreement under advisement. On December 10, 2000, the Court granted the Motion to Enforce by signing the Decree of Dissolution prepared by the mediator.

Wife now appeals.

DISCUSSION AND DECISION

Wife claims the trial court erred by distributing the marital property according to the terms of the oral agreement. In dissolution proceedings, a court's distribution of marital property will not be set aside unless it is clearly erronceous or results from an abuse of discretion. "Reversal is merited only where the trial court's decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and cireumstances before the court." Chase v. Chase, 690 N.E.2d 753 (Ind.Ct.App.1998). Should the parties agree to distribution of marital assets, the agreement must be signed by the parties and submitted to the court for approval and incorporation into the dissolution decree, at which time it becomes an enforceable agreement. Ind.Code § 31-15-2-17.

In the absence of an agreement, the trial court must determine an appropriate distribution. Id. In such a case, Ind.Code § 31-15-7-4(b) requires an equal division of the marital liabilities and assets unless the evidence demonstrates that an equal division would not be fair and reasonable. Chase, 690 N.E.2d at 755. To rebut the presumption, a party opposing an equal distribution must present supporting evidence. If the trial court, after hearing the evidence, determines that an equal division would not be fair and reasonable, the court must enter findings that state the reasons for deviating from the presumption. Akers v. Akers, 729 N.E.2d 1029, 1033 (Ind.Ct.App.2000).

Here, the trial court did not base the property distribution on either a signed agreement or after an evidentiary hearing. Instead, it adopted an alleged oral agreement reached at the conclusion of mediation, but repudiated by the Wife prior to its execution. Husband argues that the trial court correctly approved the mediated agreement despite Wife's repudi[664]*664ation of the oral agreement. As support, he cites Silkey v. Investors Diversified Services, Inc., 690 N.E.2d 329 (Ind.Ct.App.1997), which held that an oral agreement reached at the conclusion of mediation was enforceable under the Rules of Alternative Dispute Resolution (A.D.R.), Rule 2.7(E).

In Vernon v. Acton, 732 N.E.2d 805 (Ind.2000), our supreme court specifically disapproved Silkey.1 In Vernon, the defendant claimed that mediation successfully concluded with an oral agreement to settle the matter for $29,500.00. Before the agreement was put in writing, the defendant's insurance company issued a check for that amount, as well as a release form. Plaintiffs rejected both and filed suit instead. Defendant's answer included a counterclaim for breach of the alleged agreement, followed shortly by a motion to enforce. At the hearing on defendant's motion to enforce, the court allowed evidence regarding statements made during the mediation over plaintiffs' objection that such statements, having been made during mediation, were confidential.

The supreme court agreed, citing the A.D.R. Rule 2.12: "Evidence of conduct or statements made in the course of mediation is likewise not admissible." Vernon, 732 N.E.2d at 809. While noting that oral contracts are generally enforceable, the Supreme Court cited sound policy reasons to require that mediated agreements "be reduced to writing and signed":

Notwithstanding the importance of ensuring the enforceability of agreements that result from mediation, other goals are also important, including: facilitating agreements that result from mutual assent, achieving complete reso-Iution of disputes, and producing clear understandings that the parties are less likely to dispute or challenge.

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Spencer v. Spencer
752 N.E.2d 661 (Indiana Court of Appeals, 2001)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
752 N.E.2d 661, 2001 Ind. App. LEXIS 1286, 2001 WL 849880, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/spencer-v-spencer-indctapp-2001.