Speck v. Bowling

892 S.W.2d 309, 1995 Ky. App. LEXIS 19, 1995 WL 39028
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kentucky
DecidedFebruary 3, 1995
DocketNo. 93-CA-1500-MR
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 892 S.W.2d 309 (Speck v. Bowling) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kentucky primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Speck v. Bowling, 892 S.W.2d 309, 1995 Ky. App. LEXIS 19, 1995 WL 39028 (Ky. Ct. App. 1995).

Opinion

OPINION

McDONALD, Judge.

On June 24, 1990, the 'appellant, Greg Speck, while driving east on state highway 687, crossed the center line of the highway and collided with the vehicle being operated by the appellee, Marion Bowling. The accident occurred in a sharp curve of the road. Although Speck denied he was speeding, he acknowledged he could not negotiate the curve without hitting the Bowling vehicle. Speck, a state trooper, had his blue lights on [311]*311but not his siren. Bowling and his granddaughter sustained injuries as a result of the accident. During the trial the child’s claim was settled. The jury awarded Bowling $70,-000 for lost wages, $260,000 for loss or impairment of power to earn future wages and $100,000 for pain and suffering. The $70,000 award for lost wages was reduced by $4,304, the amount Bowling received in no-fault benefits. Speck’s post-judgment motions for a new trial or to alter, amend or vacate the judgment were overruled.

In his appeal Speck first argues the trial court lacked subject matter jurisdiction because Bowling had filed a claim against the Commonwealth for his injuries arising out of the accident before the Board of Claims. Apparently the appellee did file a complaint in the Board of Claims but the complaint was abandoned. Appellee’s failure to prosecute the action to judgment renders meritless the appellant’s effort to give it preclusive effect. See Kentucky Commission on Human Rights v. Leseo Manufacturing & Design Company, Inc., Ky.App., 736 S.W.2d 361 (1987).

The appellant also contends that Bowling was barred from seeking relief in the circuit court by the doctrine of election of remedies. In our opinion the doctrine is totally inapplicable in this situation:

The doctrine of election of remedies is predicated on inconsistency of remedies. The test of inconsistency is whether the remedies proceed from opposite and irreconcilable claims of right and must be so inconsistent that a party could not logically assume to follow one without renouncing the other.

Reliance Insurance Company v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Ky.App., 576 S.W.2d 231, 237 (1979). That Bowling had two alternate or concurrent remedies does not invoke the doctrine. Even Speck admits the facts and theories necessary to prevail before the board are the same as those presented in the circuit court action. Simply, Bowling could seek a limited sum ($100,000) in the statutory procedure set out in KRS Chapter 44 et seq., or file a tort action in circuit court. He ultimately pursued the latter route, trusting his fate to a jury rather than the administrative agency with the limitations it presents.

Next without merit is Speck’s contention that he is protected from any liability for Bowling’s injuries by the doctrine of sovereign immunity. Clearly, individuals are not afforded immunity for their negligence merely because of their status as state employees. See Blue v. Pursell, Ky.App., 793 S.W.2d 823 (1990); Ashby v. City of Louisville, Ky.App., 841 S.W.2d 184 (1992); Gould v. O’Bannon, Ky., 770 S.W.2d 220 (1989); Board of Trustees of University of Kentucky v. Hayse, Ky, 782 S.W.2d 609 (1989).

Keeognizing the difficulty of overcoming the authority contained in the above cases, Speck asserts he is at a minimum entitled to the qualified immunity extended to public officers engaged in the exercise of discretionary duties. His argument presumes he was engaged in discretionary activity. Although his reasoning is not very articulate, Speck seems to argue that, as a state police officer “empowered to enforce the law,” his actions in responding to a burglary were discretionary in nature. While we do not dispute his statement that an “individual officer is often left with hard choices in carrying out his duties,” we disagree that an officer is free to operate his vehicle negligently or to put others on the roadways in danger in carrying out those duties. In determining that an officer’s operation of a vehicle was ministerial rather than discretionary, the court in Letowt v. City of Norwalk, 41 Conn.Supp. 402, 579 A.2d 601, 603 (1989), citing Catone v. Medberry, 555 A.2d 328, 334 (R.I.1989), reasoned as follows:

... [W]hen the government or its agent engaged in an activity normally undertaken by private individuals in the course of their everyday fives, a duty arises under the common law to exercise reasonable care in the performance of this task. Governmental employees, like ordinary citizens, must operate their vehicles in a reasonable safe manner and avoid creating foreseeably unreasonable risks of harm to the motoring public.

Likewise, we hold Speck’s actions were ministerial and that, as he was not engaged in a [312]*312discretionary governmental function at the time he collided with the appellee, he is not entitled to assert a qualified immunity. See Gould, supra, 770 S.W.2d at 222.

Finally in this regard, Speck contends that KRS 16.185,1 which allows the Commonwealth to indemnify an officer for “actual financial loss, unreimbursed from any source” for negligence in the “line of duty,” requires us to hold that he is protected by the doctrine of sovereign immunity to the extent of any damages in excess of his insurance coverage. To the contrary, by passing this statute the legislature has recognized that state troopers are exposed to personal liability and that it cannot pass legislation giving troopers immunity without offending the Kentucky Constitution. Nothing in KRS 16.185 purports to extend immunity to Speck. It does, we believe, give him relief in the form of indemnity for that part of the judgment in favor of Bowling not satisfied by Speck’s insurer.

Next Speck argues that the trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury as to Bowling’s duty to yield the right-of-way to an approaching emergency vehicle. This duty arises by virtue of KRS 189.930(1) which reads:

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Bluebook (online)
892 S.W.2d 309, 1995 Ky. App. LEXIS 19, 1995 WL 39028, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/speck-v-bowling-kyctapp-1995.