Southern Alliance Corp. v. City of Winter Haven

505 So. 2d 489, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 830
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedMarch 18, 1987
Docket85-2704
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 505 So. 2d 489 (Southern Alliance Corp. v. City of Winter Haven) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Southern Alliance Corp. v. City of Winter Haven, 505 So. 2d 489, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 830 (Fla. Ct. App. 1987).

Opinion

505 So.2d 489 (1987)

SOUTHERN ALLIANCE CORPORATION, Appellant,
v.
The CITY OF WINTER HAVEN, a Municipal Corporation, and Paul H. Stanley, Ron Martin, Charles Brown, Dale McDonald, Mary Mariani, Richard Murphy, and Harold Parker, Jointly and Severally, Appellees.

No. 85-2704.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, Second District.

March 18, 1987.
Rehearing Denied April 9, 1987.

*490 John V. Baum of Baldwin & Baum, Fern Park, for appellant.

Clifford J. Schott of Schott & Dale, P.A., Lakeland, for appellees.

*491 SANDERLIN, Judge.

This is an appeal from a final order which dismissed with prejudice appellant's (Southern's) second amended complaint. Essentially, the four-count complaint sought damages from appellees (the City and several of its employees) on the basis of conduct alleged to be in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1979)[1], and 42 U.S.C. § 1985 (1980)[2]. It also asserted a common law claim for tortious interference with an advantageous business relationship. The issues presented are (1) whether the trial court erred in finding Southern's claim against the City was barred by the doctrine of sovereign immunity, and (2) whether the trial court erred in dismissing Southern's complaint against the employees. We affirm the dismissal of the 42 U.S.C. § 1985 claim and the claim for tortious interference with an advantageous business relationship. We reverse the dismissal of the 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claims, and remand for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

The facts taken from the second amended complaint allege that Southern is the owner and proprietor of a lounge located in Winter Haven. At approximately 11:30 p.m., on September 22, 1984, Southern's chief executive officer was served with an order to cease and desist from certain violations of the City's Standard Fire Prevention Code and Life Safety Code (the Codes). The order was served after an inspection of the business premises by the police and fire departments of the City. The City had previously approved an occupancy load of 191 persons, exclusive of employees, for the lounge. The Standard Fire Prevention Code prohibits "overcrowding." Upon finding any "overcrowding." in an establishment, the Code further vests the appropriate government agency with the power to cause "the performance, presentation, spectacle or entertainment" then taking place in such establishment to be stopped until such condition is corrected. Southern was apparently in violation of this prohibition by allowing a total of 235 persons, including its employees, to enter or occupy its premises during the evening hours immediately prior to service of the cease and desist order.

The complaint further alleged that in serving the cease and desist order, the City's employees (1) surrounded the lounge with a team of approximately fifteen police and fire department officers, some of whom were dressed in riot gear, five squad cars, an emergency response van, and two police dogs; (2) entered the lounge and, without counting the numbers, directed all patrons to depart; (3) refused to answer Southern employees' questions regarding the nature of the order; (4) refused to permit the patrons to pay their bills before departing, and refused to permit Southern employees from collecting the bills; (5) accomplished the foregoing in a "rude and insulting manner," threatened to arrest anyone making inquiry into the nature of their presence, and conducted their duties *492 in a manner "totally out of proportion to the gravity of the evil they supposedly intended to remedy"; and (6) summarily closed the lounge until their permission to reopen it had been obtained.

Thereafter, the City rescinded the prior occupancy load of 191 persons, and summarily closed the lounge "until such time as a revised occupancy load for that business might be established." On September 24, 1984, appellee Stanley, the City's assistant chief of the Fire Department, informed Southern that the City had established a new occupancy load of 122 persons for the lounge, and that Southern was not to open the lounge until it was able to comply with the revised occupancy load. On the same day, Southern filed its initial complaint in the present action. On October 17, 1984, Stanley advised Southern that a second revised maximum occupancy level of 110 persons had been established for the lounge. Again, Southern was directed not to open the lounge until it was able to comply with the second revised occupancy load.

Count I of Southern's second amended complaint essentially alleged that the service of the cease and desist order was under color of state law and city ordinance, and that the manner in which the order was served violated several of Southern's constitutional rights. Specifically, Count I alleged the City, through its employees, violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in that: (1) the entry on and closing of the lounge was done without probable cause to believe that the City's ordinances were being violated, in violation of Southern's rights under the fourth and fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution; (2) the removal of the patrons from the lounge without permitting Southern's employees to collect payment for the patrons' bills, and the undertaking of the actions with knowledge that such actions would cause a diminished value of Southern's business deprived Southern of property without due process of law, in violation of the fifth, ninth, and fourteenth amendments; and (3) the punitive application of the City's policies and procedures to Southern's business, under the above-described facts, constituted cruel and unusual punishment, in violation of the eighth amendment. Count I further alleged that the City's policies and the employees' actions in implementing those policies were undertaken with malice, and with a willful and wanton desire to violate and a reckless disregard for Southern's constitutional rights. The prayer for relief sought actual and punitive damages.

Count II of the second amended complaint alleged that the City, through its employees, violated 42 U.S.C. § 1983, in imposing a new occupancy limit for the lounge without prior notice or an opportunity to be heard, and in prohibiting Southern from reopening the lounge until it complied with that limit. Specifically, Southern alleged that these acts violated its rights under the fifth, eighth, ninth, and fourteenth amendments to the United States Constitution, in much the same manner as it had pleaded in Count I. Southern also alleged, as it did in Count I, that the acts were done in a malicious manner, with a willful and wanton desire to violate Southern's constitutional rights. The prayer for relief also sought actual and punitive damages.

Count III sought actual and punitive damages under 42 U.S.C. § 1985, and alleged that the employees conspired to commit the above acts, in violation of Southern's constitutional rights.

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Bluebook (online)
505 So. 2d 489, 12 Fla. L. Weekly 830, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/southern-alliance-corp-v-city-of-winter-haven-fladistctapp-1987.