[Cite as Snyder v. Affordable Constr. Co, 2018-Ohio-4723.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT HANCOCK COUNTY
JANE SNYDER,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 5-18-07
v.
AFFORDABLE CONSTRUCTION CO., OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Findlay Municipal Court Trial Court No. 2017 CIV 02581
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: November 26, 2018
APPEARANCES:
Elizabeth B. Bostdorff for Appellant
William E. Clark for Appellee Case No. 5-18-07
ZIMMERMAN, J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Affordable Construction Company
(“Appellant”), appeals the judgment of the Findlay Municipal Court, Small Claims
Division, granting Plaintiff-Appellee, Jane Snyder’s (“Snyder”) complaint for
breach of contract and money damages. On appeal, Appellant asserts that the trial
court erred when it denied its second motion to continue. For the reasons that
follow, we affirm the judgment of the Findlay Municipal Court, Small Claims
Division.
Factual and Procedural Background
{¶2} On November 11, 2017, Snyder filed a claim for $4929.65, plus
interest, against Appellant in the Findlay Municipal Court. (Doc. No. 1). Snyder
averred that she contracted with and paid Appellant to perform repair work on her
home, however, Appellant failed to complete the repair services as quoted. (Id.).
A trial on Snyder’s claim was set for December 19, 2017. (Id.).
{¶3} On December 4, 2017, Paul Davis (“Davis”), on behalf of Appellant,1
filed a pro se motion to continue the trial, on the basis that he would be out of Ohio
until January, 2018. (Doc. No. 4). The trial court granted Davis’ continuance, and
advised him to contact an attorney, as Appellant appeared to be a corporation. (Id.).
1 Notably, Davis did not file anything with the trial court to indicate his capacity to represent Affordable Construction Company.
-2- Case No. 5-18-07
The trial court rescheduled the trial for January 9, 2018 per Appellant’s request.
(Doc. No. 5).
{¶4} On December 26, 2017, Davis filed a pro se motion to dismiss Snyder’s
complaint. (Doc. No. 6). Davis averred that Snyder altered the contract date, and
attached a copy of the contract to the motion. (Id.; Ex. A).
{¶5} On January 8, 2018, Davis sent a second pro se continuance request to
the trial court. (Doc. No. 7). Davis averred that he was in Arizona working, and
further stated that he was scheduled to attend a “builder’s show” there. (Id.). Davis
attached a copy of the “builder’s show” brochure to the motion, which verified that
the show was scheduled for January 12th, 13th, and 14th. (Id.).
{¶6} The trial court denied this continuance request on the same date. (Doc.
No. 8). In denying the request, a visiting judge held that:
It is the order, judgment, and decree of this court that the request to continue the small claims hearing by Paul Davis is denied. The defendant is a corporation. Mr. Davis cannot represent the corporation unless he is an attorney licensed in the state of Ohio. Mr. Davis therefore does not have the ability to file motions on behalf of the defendant. Even if Mr. Davis had authority to file the motion, it has not been timely filed. By local rule motion [sic] need to be filed at least 3 days prior to a hearing. The complaint was filed on 11/15/17. A prior continuance was granted for the defendant. It is now beyond the statutory time requirements for small claims cases. A continuance is therefore not appropriate.
(Id.).
-3- Case No. 5-18-07
{¶7} On January 9, 2018, the trial occurred as scheduled. (Doc. No. 9).
Snyder appeared, however, neither Davis nor a representative for Appellant
appeared in the trial court. (Id.). During the trial, the Magistrate found that the
Appellant did receive service of the hearing, as evidenced by the Assignment notice.
(Id.). Thus, the hearing was conducted as scheduled, resulting in the Magistrate
recommending judgment in favor of Snyder, against Appellant, in the sum of
$4929.65, plus interest. (Id.).
{¶8} On January 23, 2018, Appellant, though legal counsel, objected to the
magistrate’s decision, due to, in part, the “conflicting information regarding the
need for Affordable Construction Co. to retain counsel for this case.” (Doc. No.
10). Appellant also argued that because Davis was permitted to represent the
company in the first request for a continuance, the subsequent ruling that Davis
could not represent the company had prejudiced Appellant. (Id.).
{¶9} The trial court issued its judgment entry on Appellant’s objections to
the magistrate’s decision on February 22, 2018. (Doc. No. 12). The trial court
found that Davis did not make a proper request for a second continuance, as he failed
to attach proof of service to Snyder when he requested the second continuance.
(Id.). Additionally, the trial court found that the continuance request was untimely
made. (Id.). Lastly, the trial court noted that second request was due to Davis’ own
making, given that he elected to work and attend a builder’s show out of state on the
-4- Case No. 5-18-07
date of the scheduled hearing. (Id.). The trial court overruled Davis’ objections and
rendered judgment in favor of Snyder for $4,929.65, plus interest. (Id.). From this
judgment Appellant timely appeals, and presents the following assignment of error
for our review:
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING APPELLANT’S JANUARY 8, 2018 MOTION TO CONTINUE DUE TO APPELLANT SELF-REPRESENTION WHEN CORPORATIONS ARE PERMITTED TO SELF-REPRESENT IN SMALL CLAIM COURT ACTIONS PURSUANT TO OHIO REVISED CODE § 1925.17.
Appellant’s First Assignment of Error
{¶10} In their sole assignment of error, Appellant argues that the trial court
erred when it held that Davis could not represent the company because he was not
a licensed attorney in the state of Ohio. For the reasons that follow, we disagree.
Standard of Review
{¶11} An appellate court employs an abuse of discretion standard when
assessing a trial court’s order involving a motion for a continuance. In re R.C., 3rd
Dist. Wyandot Nos. 16-09-11, 16-09-12, 16-09-13, 2010-Ohio-3800, ¶ 20. The
term ‘abuse of discretion’ “implies that the court’s attitude is unreasonable,
arbitrary, or unconscionable.” Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450
N.E.2d 1140 (1983). “A trial court will be found to have abused its discretion when
its decision is contrary to law, unreasonable, not supported by the evidence, or is
-5- Case No. 5-18-07
grossly unsound.” Mackenbach v. Mackenbach, 3rd Dist. Hardin No. 6-11-03,
2012-Ohio-311, ¶ 7. When reviewing a decision under an abuse of discretion
standard, the appellate “court may not simply substitute its judgment for that of the
trial court.” In re A.G.M.C., 3rd Dist. Marion No. 9-10-30, 2010-Ohio-5188, ¶ 41.
Analysis
{¶12} Appellant, in its appellate brief, focuses exclusively on the trial court’s
order admonishing Davis that he could not legally represent the company in small
claims court, because he was not a licensed attorney in the state of Ohio. To support
its argument that Davis could represent Affordable Construction Company in small
claims court, Appellant directs us to R.C. 1925.17, which states:
A corporation which is a real party in interest in any action in a small claims division may commence such an action and appear therein through an attorney at law.
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[Cite as Snyder v. Affordable Constr. Co, 2018-Ohio-4723.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT HANCOCK COUNTY
JANE SNYDER,
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, CASE NO. 5-18-07
v.
AFFORDABLE CONSTRUCTION CO., OPINION
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Appeal from Findlay Municipal Court Trial Court No. 2017 CIV 02581
Judgment Affirmed
Date of Decision: November 26, 2018
APPEARANCES:
Elizabeth B. Bostdorff for Appellant
William E. Clark for Appellee Case No. 5-18-07
ZIMMERMAN, J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Affordable Construction Company
(“Appellant”), appeals the judgment of the Findlay Municipal Court, Small Claims
Division, granting Plaintiff-Appellee, Jane Snyder’s (“Snyder”) complaint for
breach of contract and money damages. On appeal, Appellant asserts that the trial
court erred when it denied its second motion to continue. For the reasons that
follow, we affirm the judgment of the Findlay Municipal Court, Small Claims
Division.
Factual and Procedural Background
{¶2} On November 11, 2017, Snyder filed a claim for $4929.65, plus
interest, against Appellant in the Findlay Municipal Court. (Doc. No. 1). Snyder
averred that she contracted with and paid Appellant to perform repair work on her
home, however, Appellant failed to complete the repair services as quoted. (Id.).
A trial on Snyder’s claim was set for December 19, 2017. (Id.).
{¶3} On December 4, 2017, Paul Davis (“Davis”), on behalf of Appellant,1
filed a pro se motion to continue the trial, on the basis that he would be out of Ohio
until January, 2018. (Doc. No. 4). The trial court granted Davis’ continuance, and
advised him to contact an attorney, as Appellant appeared to be a corporation. (Id.).
1 Notably, Davis did not file anything with the trial court to indicate his capacity to represent Affordable Construction Company.
-2- Case No. 5-18-07
The trial court rescheduled the trial for January 9, 2018 per Appellant’s request.
(Doc. No. 5).
{¶4} On December 26, 2017, Davis filed a pro se motion to dismiss Snyder’s
complaint. (Doc. No. 6). Davis averred that Snyder altered the contract date, and
attached a copy of the contract to the motion. (Id.; Ex. A).
{¶5} On January 8, 2018, Davis sent a second pro se continuance request to
the trial court. (Doc. No. 7). Davis averred that he was in Arizona working, and
further stated that he was scheduled to attend a “builder’s show” there. (Id.). Davis
attached a copy of the “builder’s show” brochure to the motion, which verified that
the show was scheduled for January 12th, 13th, and 14th. (Id.).
{¶6} The trial court denied this continuance request on the same date. (Doc.
No. 8). In denying the request, a visiting judge held that:
It is the order, judgment, and decree of this court that the request to continue the small claims hearing by Paul Davis is denied. The defendant is a corporation. Mr. Davis cannot represent the corporation unless he is an attorney licensed in the state of Ohio. Mr. Davis therefore does not have the ability to file motions on behalf of the defendant. Even if Mr. Davis had authority to file the motion, it has not been timely filed. By local rule motion [sic] need to be filed at least 3 days prior to a hearing. The complaint was filed on 11/15/17. A prior continuance was granted for the defendant. It is now beyond the statutory time requirements for small claims cases. A continuance is therefore not appropriate.
(Id.).
-3- Case No. 5-18-07
{¶7} On January 9, 2018, the trial occurred as scheduled. (Doc. No. 9).
Snyder appeared, however, neither Davis nor a representative for Appellant
appeared in the trial court. (Id.). During the trial, the Magistrate found that the
Appellant did receive service of the hearing, as evidenced by the Assignment notice.
(Id.). Thus, the hearing was conducted as scheduled, resulting in the Magistrate
recommending judgment in favor of Snyder, against Appellant, in the sum of
$4929.65, plus interest. (Id.).
{¶8} On January 23, 2018, Appellant, though legal counsel, objected to the
magistrate’s decision, due to, in part, the “conflicting information regarding the
need for Affordable Construction Co. to retain counsel for this case.” (Doc. No.
10). Appellant also argued that because Davis was permitted to represent the
company in the first request for a continuance, the subsequent ruling that Davis
could not represent the company had prejudiced Appellant. (Id.).
{¶9} The trial court issued its judgment entry on Appellant’s objections to
the magistrate’s decision on February 22, 2018. (Doc. No. 12). The trial court
found that Davis did not make a proper request for a second continuance, as he failed
to attach proof of service to Snyder when he requested the second continuance.
(Id.). Additionally, the trial court found that the continuance request was untimely
made. (Id.). Lastly, the trial court noted that second request was due to Davis’ own
making, given that he elected to work and attend a builder’s show out of state on the
-4- Case No. 5-18-07
date of the scheduled hearing. (Id.). The trial court overruled Davis’ objections and
rendered judgment in favor of Snyder for $4,929.65, plus interest. (Id.). From this
judgment Appellant timely appeals, and presents the following assignment of error
for our review:
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NO. I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING APPELLANT’S JANUARY 8, 2018 MOTION TO CONTINUE DUE TO APPELLANT SELF-REPRESENTION WHEN CORPORATIONS ARE PERMITTED TO SELF-REPRESENT IN SMALL CLAIM COURT ACTIONS PURSUANT TO OHIO REVISED CODE § 1925.17.
Appellant’s First Assignment of Error
{¶10} In their sole assignment of error, Appellant argues that the trial court
erred when it held that Davis could not represent the company because he was not
a licensed attorney in the state of Ohio. For the reasons that follow, we disagree.
Standard of Review
{¶11} An appellate court employs an abuse of discretion standard when
assessing a trial court’s order involving a motion for a continuance. In re R.C., 3rd
Dist. Wyandot Nos. 16-09-11, 16-09-12, 16-09-13, 2010-Ohio-3800, ¶ 20. The
term ‘abuse of discretion’ “implies that the court’s attitude is unreasonable,
arbitrary, or unconscionable.” Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450
N.E.2d 1140 (1983). “A trial court will be found to have abused its discretion when
its decision is contrary to law, unreasonable, not supported by the evidence, or is
-5- Case No. 5-18-07
grossly unsound.” Mackenbach v. Mackenbach, 3rd Dist. Hardin No. 6-11-03,
2012-Ohio-311, ¶ 7. When reviewing a decision under an abuse of discretion
standard, the appellate “court may not simply substitute its judgment for that of the
trial court.” In re A.G.M.C., 3rd Dist. Marion No. 9-10-30, 2010-Ohio-5188, ¶ 41.
Analysis
{¶12} Appellant, in its appellate brief, focuses exclusively on the trial court’s
order admonishing Davis that he could not legally represent the company in small
claims court, because he was not a licensed attorney in the state of Ohio. To support
its argument that Davis could represent Affordable Construction Company in small
claims court, Appellant directs us to R.C. 1925.17, which states:
A corporation which is a real party in interest in any action in a small claims division may commence such an action and appear therein through an attorney at law. Such a corporation may, through any bona fide officer or salaried employee, file and present its claim or defense in any action in a small claims division arising from a claim based on a contract to which the corporation is an original party or any other claim to which the corporation is an original claimant, provided such corporation does not, in the absence of representation by an attorney at law, engage in cross-examination, argument, or other acts of advocacy.
R.C. 1925.17.
{¶13} Appellant argues that this provision of the Revised Code permitted
Davis to represent the company, as long as Davis did not argue, cross-examine, or
engage in other acts of advocacy. In furtherance of this argument, Appellant quotes
our previous decision in Beckett v. Wisniewski, wherein we held:
-6- Case No. 5-18-07
That ‘by design, proceedings in small claims court are informal and geared to allowing individuals to resolve uncomplicated disputes quickly and inexpensively. Pro se activity is assumed and encouraged.’
Beckett v. Wisniewski, 3rd Dist. Hancock No. 5-09-17, 2009-Ohio-6158, ¶ 14
quoting Cleveland Bar Assn. v. Pearlman, 106 Ohio St.3d 136, 2005-Ohio-4107,
832 N.E.2d 1193, ¶ 15.
{¶14} Even though Davis, pursuant to R.C. 1925.17, could have represented
Appellant in a limited capacity in small claims court, Appellant disregards the
alternate reason why the trial court denied the second request for a continuance.
Particularly, the trial court denied Davis’ request because it was made one day prior
to the rescheduled hearing. The record demonstrates that on December 5, 2017,
Davis received notice that the small claims trial was rescheduled for January 9,
2018. (Doc. No. 5). Even though Davis (seemingly) advised the trial court of his
availability in January, 2018, Davis filed a continuance request of the January 9th
trial, which the trial court received January 8, 2018. (Doc. No. 7).
{¶15} We have previously held that a trial court does not abuse its discretion
in denying a motion to continue when the motion was received two days before a
scheduled trial date. Herman v. Best, 3rd Dist. Union No. 14-97-31, 1997 WL
794500, *1. In holding that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying a
continuance request made two days prior to the scheduled trial, we considered
factors such as:
-7- Case No. 5-18-07
the length of the delay requested; whether other continuances have been requested and received, the inconvenience to the parties and the court; whether the requested delay is made in good faith, whether the party requesting a continuance contributed to the need for the delay; and other relevant factors depending on the facts of the case.
Id. quoting State v. Unger, 67 Ohio St.2d 65, 67-68, 423 N.E.2d 1078 (1981). We
discuss the relevant factors to Davis’ request below.
Length of Delay Requested
{¶16} Davis’ second request for a continuance does not indicate a date that
he would be able to return to Ohio for trial. (See, Doc. No. 7). The only discernable
time frame wherein Davis would be free to return would be after the builder’s show,
which was scheduled for January 12-14, 2018. (Id.).
Whether Other Continuance Have Been Requested and Received
{¶17} Davis requested and received his first continuance on December 4,
2017. (Doc. No. 4).
Inconvenience to the Parties and the Court
{¶18} Davis’ second continuance request, received the day prior to trial,
would have undoubtedly inconvenienced Snyder, who may not have received notice
of the continuance until she arrived at the trial court the following day. Furthermore,
the trial court would also have been inconvenienced for not being able to control its
own docket.
-8- Case No. 5-18-07
Whether the Requested Delay is Made in Good Faith
{¶19} After reviewing the record, we find that Davis’ second continuance
request was not made in good faith. Davis voluntarily elected to be out of Ohio,
which precipitated the first continuance. In that first request, the trial court was
asked to continue the case until January, 2018. The trial court granted the request,
setting a new trial date for January 9, 2018 (within the time frame requested). As
such, the trial court honored the continuance request only to discover, through a
second continuance request sent the day before trial, that Appellant’s prior
representation (of his availability for trial) was inaccurate. Thus, we find a lack of
good faith by the Appellant under the facts presented.
Whether the Party Requesting a Continuance Contributed to the Need for the Delay
{¶20} We find that Davis not only contributed to, but was also the sole reason
for the need for delay, by voluntarily electing to remain out of Ohio on the date of
the scheduled trial.
Conclusion
{¶21} Based on the balancing test employed in Herman and the record before
us, we conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to grant
the second continuance request. Appellant’s sole assignment of error is overruled.
-9- Case No. 5-18-07
{¶22} Having found no error prejudicial to Appellant herein in the particulars
assigned and argued, we overrule Appellant’s first assignment of error and affirm
the judgment of the trial court.
WILLAMOWSKI, P.J. and SHAW, J., concur.
/jlr
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