Smith v. State

802 So. 2d 82, 2001 WL 1587929
Mississippi Supreme Court·Decided December 13, 2001·No. 2000-KA-01935-SCT·Published·Cited by 85 cases

Opinion

802 So.2d 82 (2001)

Marcus Leon SMITH
v.
STATE of Mississippi.

No. 2000-KA-01935-SCT.

Supreme Court of Mississippi.

December 13, 2001.

*83 Thomas Michael Reed, Attorney for Appellant.

Office of the Attorney General, by Jeffrey A. Klingfuss, Jackson, Attorney for Appellee.

Before SMITH, P.J., COBB and DIAZ, JJ.

COBB, J., for the Court:

¶ 1. On April 27, 1999, Marcus Leon Smith was indicted in the Forrest County Circuit Court for the murder of Timothy Holmes. At the conclusion of a jury trial, Smith was convicted and sentenced as a habitual offender to life imprisonment. The circuit court denied Smith's post-trial motion for JNOV or alternatively a new trial, and Smith now appeals, raising the following issues:

I. THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT TRIAL WAS INSUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE JURY VERDICT.
II. THE VERDICT IS CONTRARY TO THE OVERWHELMING WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE PRODUCED AT TRIAL.
III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO DIRECT A VERDICT IN FAVOR OF SMITH AT THE CLOSE OF THE STATE'S CASE.
IV. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN OVERRULING SMITH'S MOTION TO STRIKE MEMBERS OF THE JURY POOL WHO HAD PREVIOUSLY SERVED *84 IN THE TRIAL OF ALVIN BRIDGES, SR.
V. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO GRANT A MISTRIAL DUE TO THE EVENTS SURROUNDING THE TRIAL OF ALVIN BRIDGES, SR.
VI. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING INSTRUCTION S-2.
VII. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING INSTRUCTION D-6.
VIII. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN INSTRUCTING THE JURORS TO RETURN TO THE JURY ROOM AND CONTINUE DELIBERATING UNTIL THEY REACHED A VERDICT.
IX. THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF ALL OF THESE ERRORS AT TRIAL CONSTITUTES A VIOLATION OF DUE PROCESS.

¶ 2. Concluding that all of Smith's issues are without merit, we affirm.

FACTS

¶ 3. On December 21, 1997, Timothy Holmes was shot and killed as he was leaving a party in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. According to Lewis Santee, the only eyewitness to the crime, Holmes argued with Marcus Leon Smith over a girl. Smith left and retrieved a gun. As Holmes was leaving, he and Smith had a second altercation which ended when Holmes attempted to walk away and Smith shot him in the back of the head. Smith then left the scene.

¶ 4. A second witness, Tewania Santee, did not actually see the shooting, but she did testify that she observed the altercation between Smith and Holmes and that she saw Smith retrieve the gun from his car and approach the area where the shooting occurred. However, when the police prepared a photographic line-up for Tewania and Lewis to view (based upon information the police received indicating that Marcus Smith was the shooter), a clerical error led to the inclusion of a picture of a different Marcus Smith in place of the appellant. Consequently, neither Tewania nor Lewis was initially able to identify appellant Smith as the shooter. The error was quickly discovered and corrected, and Tewania identified appellant Smith as the person she saw with the gun. Lewis, however, was unable to identify appellant Smith until the fourth time he viewed the photographic lineup.

¶ 5. In addition to Tewania and Lewis Santee, the State also called Valencia Hawthorne, a former girlfriend of Smith's who claimed that he admitted shooting and killing a young man in Hattiesburg, and Wilmer Reese, Jr., who claimed that, as he was leaving the party, he saw Smith waving a gun at some person Reese did not know. The only physical evidence found at the scene was a single spent shell casing and a balloon upon which was written "Marcus + PSA 555-7173." The only witness called by Smith in his defense was Gertie Runnels, whose maiden name was Marcus and whose phone number was 555-7173. Runnels testified that no one from the police called her to find out anything she might know about the balloon or the shooting, and the State did not cross-examine her.

¶ 6. Smith's jury trial was complicated by the events surrounding the unrelated trial of Alvin Bridges on drug-related charges which took place earlier in the same week as Smith's trial. As the Bridges jury was deliberating, Bridges escaped, leaving the jury to convict Bridges in his absence. Some of the jurors from the Bridges case were then placed on Smith's jury. Smith's attorneys initially tried unsuccessfully to have those jurors *85 struck for cause and eventually struck all but two of them with peremptory challenges.

¶ 7. While the Smith trial was ongoing, Bridges took hostages at a local bank, claiming that he did not receive a fair trial and demanding that the media tell his side of the story. These events received considerable media coverage in the Hattiesburg area. Furthermore, as jurors in the Smith case returned on August 24, 2000, they had to pass protesters picketing the Courthouse in support of Bridges who claimed that injustice had been done in his case.

¶ 8. In response to these developments, the trial court asked the members of the Smith jury individually and collectively if they had been exposed to any media coverage which might inhibit their ability to be fair to Smith. Furthermore, the trial court specifically asked Smith if he wanted a mistrial, and Smith declined. Smith also agreed that by declining to pursue a mistrial, he would be waiving his previous objection to the trial court's refusal to quash the jury pool because some of the jurors had sat on the Bridges jury.

¶ 9. After about two hours of deliberation, the trial court called the jury back into the courtroom to determine how close it was to a verdict. The jury at that point had not taken a vote, but after briefly continuing deliberations, the jury arrived at an 11-1 vote. The court then read the instruction approved for deadlocked juries by this Court's opinion in Sharplin v. State, 330 So.2d 591 (Miss.1976) before sending the jury back to continue deliberations. Approximately 40 minutes later, a unanimous jury found Smith guilty of murder.

ANALYSIS

I. THE EVIDENCE PRESENTED AT TRIAL WAS INSUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT THE JURY VERDICT.

II. THE VERDICT IS CONTRARY TO THE OVERWHELMING WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE PRODUCED AT TRIAL.

III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FAILING TO DIRECT A VERDICT IN FAVOR OF SMITH AT THE CLOSE OF THE STATE'S CASE.

¶ 10. This Court's standard of review for a JNOV, which challenges the legal sufficiency of the evidence used to support a conviction, is:

When on appeal one convicted of a criminal offense challenges the legal sufficiency of the evidence, our authority to interfere with the jury's verdict is quite limited. We proceed by considering all of the evidence—not just that supporting the case for the prosecution—in the light most consistent with the verdict. We give the prosecution the benefit of all favorable inferences that may reasonably be drawn from the evidence. If the facts and inferences so considered point in favor of the accused with sufficient force that reasonable men could not have found beyond a reasonable doubt that he was guilty, reversal and discharge are required. On the other hand, if there is in the record substantial evidence of such quality and weight that, having in mind the beyond a reasonable doubt burden of proof standard, reasonable and fairminded jurors in the exercise of imparti

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Smith v. State, 802 So. 2d 82, 2001 WL 1587929 (Mich. 2001).

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