Sistem v. Kyrgyz Republic
Opinion
16‐4153‐cv Sistem v. Kyrgyz Republic
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURTʹS LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION ʺSUMMARY ORDERʺ). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 17th day of July, two thousand eighteen.
PRESENT: AMALYA L. KEARSE, GUIDO CALABRESI,
DENNY CHIN,
Circuit Judges.
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SISTEM MÜHENDISLIK INŞAAT SANAYI VE TICARET, A.Ş., Plaintiff‐Appellee,
v. 16‐4153‐cv
THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC, Defendant‐Appellant.
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FOR PLAINTIFF‐APPELLEE: ROBERT K. KRY (Sarah J. Newman, on the brief), MoloLamken LLP, Washington, District of Columbia.
FOR DEFENDANT‐APPELLANT: A. GRANT McCREA, Law Offices of A.
Grant McCrea, New York, New York.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Carter, J.).
UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Defendant‐appellant the Kyrgyz Republic (the ʺRepublicʺ) appeals from a November 14, 2016 judgment of the district court recognizing an arbitral award (the ʺAwardʺ) issued September 9, 2009, by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ʺICSIDʺ) against it in favor of plaintiff‐appellee Sistem Mühendislik Inşaat Sanayi Ve Ticaret, A.Ş. (ʺSistemʺ), a Turkish company.1 The Award was issued pursuant to proceedings brought under ICSID Additional Facility (ʺICSID AFʺ) Rules. 2 By opinion and order entered September 30, 2016, the district court
1 The district court characterized the action as a ʺconfirmationʺ proceeding. In CBF Industria de Gusa S/A v. AMCI Holdings, Inc., however, issued several months later, we clarified that under the New York Convention and Chapter 2 of the Federal Arbitration Act (the ʺFAAʺ), 9 U.S.C. § 201 et seq., an action to convert a nondomestic arbitral award into a judgment is a ʺrecognition and enforcement action,ʺ notwithstanding the term ʺconfirmationʺ employed by the FAA. See 850 F.3d 58, 71‐72, 74 (2d Cir. 2017). Here, the ICSID AF award fell under the New York Convention and Chapter 2 of the FAA. Moreover, Sistem stated in its complaint that it was seeking ʺthe recognition and enforcementʺ of its foreign arbitral award against the Republic. App. 31. Accordingly, this is a ʺrecognition and enforcementʺ action against a foreign sovereign. 2 ICSID AF arbitrations govern disputes that involve a party from a country that has not ratified the ICSID Convention. Although the Republic is a signatory to the ICSID Convention, it has not ratified it. Awards issued pursuant to ICSID AF are enforceable under the New York Convention and the FAA, 9 U.S.C. § 201 et seq., rather than under the ICSID Convention enforcement regime, 22 U.S.C. § 2250(a)‐(b).
granted Sistemʹs motion for summary judgment and denied the Republicʹs motion for summary judgment.
On appeal, the Republic challenges the district courtʹs determination that (1) the Republic waived its right to challenge the jurisdiction of the arbitral tribunal by failing to raise that issue during arbitration, and (2) the Kyrgyz‐Turkey Bilateral Investment Treaty (the ʺBITʺ) authorized both ICSID Convention arbitration and ICSID AF arbitration because the BIT expressly consented to arbitration before ICSID without limitation as to the applicable rules. We assume the partiesʹ familiarity with the underlying facts, the procedural history of the case, and the issues on appeal.
As to the Republicʹs first argument, we agree with the district court that the Republic waived its right to challenge the jurisdiction of the ICSID AF tribunal. At no time during the arbitration proceedings did the Republic argue that ICSID AF proceedings were outside the scope of the BIT. Although, in accordance with ICSID AF Rules, the Republic submitted a ʺcounter‐memorialʺ on jurisdiction on May 9, 2007, the Republicʹs counter‐memorial did not include a jurisdictional challenge to the fact that Sistemʹs request for arbitration invoked ICSID AF rather than ICSID Convention arbitration. 3 Accordingly, the Republic waived its jurisdictional argument by failing to
3 Although the Republic argues that ICSID AF Rules do not apply to this dispute, the Rules require any objection to the tribunalʹs jurisdiction to be raised ʺas soon as possible after the constitution of the Tribunal and in any event no later than the expiration of the time limit fixed for the filing of the counter‐memorial.ʺ ICSID AF Rules sched. C, art. 45(2).
raise that challenge during the arbitration. See Sokolowski v. Metro. Transp. Auth., 723 F.3d 187, 191‐92 (2d Cir. 2013) (ʺ[W]here a ʹ[party] participates in an arbitration hearing without voicing objection to the arbitratorʹs authority to decide the matter, the [party] waives its right to challenge the arbitratorʹs jurisdiction.ʹʺ (alterations omitted) (quoting United Indus. Workers v. Govʹt of Virgin Islands, 987 F.2d 162, 169 (3d Cir. 1993)); accord Stotter Div. of Graduate Plastics Co. v. District 65, United Auto. Workers, AFL‐CIO, 991 F.2d 997, 1002 (2d Cir. 1993) (holding respondent in arbitration proceeding waived objection to selection of arbitrator by failing to ʺspecificallyʺ object, even though respondent objected to jurisdiction on different grounds).
As to the Republicʹs second argument, we agree with the district court that the express terms of the BIT authorized both ICSID Convention and ICSID AF proceedings. Article VII of the BIT provides that a dispute ʺcan be submitted . . . [to] the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) set up by the ʹConvention on Settlement of Investment Disputes Between States and Nationals of other Statesʹ, [in case both Parties become signatories of this Convention.].ʺ BIT art. VII(2)(a) (brackets in original). That provision does not distinguish between ICSID Convention and ICSID AF proceedings, nor does it impose any limitation on the arbitral rules that ICSID may apply. Moreover, both types of arbitrations are ICSID arbitrations, administered by the same institution ‐‐ ICSID. Accordingly, as the district court concluded, ʺreferences to arbitration by ICSID or the Centre do not exclusively
describe proceedings implemented pursuant to the Convention,ʺ rather than pursuant to ICSID AF rules. App. 2308 (emphasis added). 4 Finally, at oral argument before this Court, we asked the parties about the impact of two of our decisions on this case, Mobil Cerro Negro, Ltd. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 863 F.3d 96 (2d Cir. 2017), and CBF Industria de Gusa S/A v. AMCI Holdings, Inc., 850 F.3d 58 (2d Cir. 2017), as to whether a party seeking to enforce an arbitral award against a foreign sovereign must strictly comply with the venue requirements of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (the ʺFSIAʺ). Both cases were decided after the district court entered its opinion and order and judgment. We decided CBF Industria on March 2, 2017, and Mobil Cerro on July 11, 2017. The parties had not addressed the cases in their briefs nor had they submitted Fed. R. App. P. 28(j) letters prior to oral argument. At oral argument, we asked the parties to submit supplemental letter briefing. They did so, but neither partyʹs submissions offered any substance on this issue.
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