Singal v. General Motors Corp.

447 N.W.2d 152, 179 Mich. App. 497
CourtMichigan Court of Appeals
DecidedMay 25, 1989
DocketDocket No. 107418
StatusPublished
Cited by22 cases

This text of 447 N.W.2d 152 (Singal v. General Motors Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Michigan Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Singal v. General Motors Corp., 447 N.W.2d 152, 179 Mich. App. 497 (Mich. Ct. App. 1989).

Opinion

Per Curiam.

Plaintiff appeals as of right from the order of the Wayne Circuit Court granting summary disposition to defendant as to plaintiff’s claims of national origin discrimination and breach of employment contract. We affirm.

Plaintiff, a native of India, was a salaried nonsupervisory employee with defendant’s Cadillac Motor Division, working as a chemist. On the day of his hire, plaintiff received a copy of defendant’s employment handbook which stated that regular salaried employees were employed on a calendar month-to-month basis. In addition, plaintiff signed an employment agreement in 1977, shortly after being hired, which indicated that his employ was on a calendar month-to-month basis only. The agreement also provided that it was the sole arrangement between the parties and could be modified only by signed written agreement.

During the course of his employ, plaintiff—like other similar employees—was subject to periodic performance evaluations. Generally, the evaluations of plaintiff were negative. Defendant felt that plaintiff could not interact with his supervisors and fellow workers in a professional manner. He was viewed as continuously berating and belittling his supervisors and questioning their competence. On May 2, 1983, plaintiff was informed that his employment would be terminated unless he changed his behavior. That behavior which was deemed unacceptable included his contesting each performance evaluation by attacking the compe[500]*500tency and objectivity of the supervisor who prepared it and his belligerent reactions whenever defendant rejected his suggestions.

On February 7, 1984, plaintiff set in place the proverbial straw that broke the camel’s back. On that date, he subjected his supervisor to a twenty-minute "verbal tirade.” As a result of the confrontation, plaintiff was immediately suspended from work. Later, on February 15, 1984, his employment was terminated permanently.

Plaintiff commenced the instant action in the Wayne Circuit Court on October 28, 1986, alleging claims for breach of employment contract, discrimination on the basis of national origin and race, and negligent preparation of the performance evaluations. At the conclusion of discovery, defendant moved for summary disposition, pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(8) and (10), as to all of plaintiff’s claims.

A hearing on the motion was conducted on January 29, 1988, at which time the parties argued their respective positions. At the conclusion of the arguments, the court adjourned' the hearing to take the matter under advisement. On February 17, 1988, the hearing was reconvened and the court rendered its decision on the open record.

The court first ruled that plaintiff failed to establish a prima facie case of discrimination on the basis of national origin or race. MCR 2.116(0(10). Although plaintiff had alleged that his supervisors had made derogatory remarks about him, this was insufficient to create a genuine issue of material fact since defendant established a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for discharging plaintiff which plaintiff had not rebutted with supporting evidence. The court also stated that plaintiff believed that he was more qualified than his supervisors. It was clear from reading plaintiff’s responses to the performance evaluations [501]*501that he was terminated because of his attitude and not because of some discriminatory purpose. Thus, the court granted summary disposition to defendant as to plaintiffs discrimination claim.

The court next found that the parties’ employment agreement created a month-to-month employment arrangement, not one which permitted discharge for just cause only. Furthermore, nothing in the employment handbook modified that agreement. Because the employment contract was month-to-month, the court granted defendant’s summary disposition motion only to the extent that plaintiff sought damages beyond one month’s salary. The court stated that, if defendant paid the one month’s salary, it would dismiss the breach of employment contract claim in its entirety.

Lastly, the court held that Michigan did not recognize a claim for the negligent evaluation of plaintiff’s employment performance because any duty in that regard would be based on the employment agreement itself. Hence, summary disposition was granted as to that claim also.

On March 1, 1988, the trial court entered an order granting summary disposition to defendant as to each of plaintiffs claims. Again, though, summary disposition as to the breach of employment contract claim was limited to the extent that plaintiff was entitled to one month’s salary. Shortly thereafter, defendant tendered the salary to plaintiff. Consequently, a second order was entered on March 15, 1988, dismissing the employment contract claim in its entirety.

In this appeal, plaintiff does not challenge the trial court’s dismissal of his claim for negligent preparation of the performance evaluation. He challenges only the dismissal of his other two claims.

Defendant was granted summary disposition as [502]*502to the claims for discrimination and breach of employment contract on the ground that there was no genuine issue of material fact. MCR 2.116(0(10).

A motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(0(10) tests whether there is factual support for a claim. In deciding the motion, the court must consider the pleadings, affidavits, depositions, admissions, and other documentary evidence available to it. MCR 2.116(G)(5); Dumas v Auto Club Ins Ass’n, 168 Mich App 619, 626; 425 NW2d 480 (1988). The party opposing the motion has the burden of showing that a genuine issue of material fact exists, and, in so doing, may not rest upon mere allegations or denials in the pleadings. Id. Rather, the documentary evidence must set forth specific facts establishing a genuine issue for trial. Metropolitan Life Ins Co v Reist, 167 Mich App 112, 118; 421 NW2d 592 (1988), lv den 431 Mich 876 (1988). Giving the benefit of every reasonable doubt to the nonmovant, the court must determine whether a record might be developed which would leave open an issue upon which reasonable minds could differ. Id. Before summary judgment can be granted, the court must be satisfied that it is impossible for the claim to be supported by evidence at trial because of some deficiency which cannot be overcome. Rizzo v Kretschmer, 389 Mich 363, 371; 207 NW2d 316 (1973); Reist, supra.

The Civil Rights Act prohibits an employer from discharging an employee or otherwise discriminating against an individual with respect to employment because of, among other things, national origin and race. MCL 37.2202(l)(a); MSA 3.548(202)(l)(a). A prima facie case of discrimination under § 202 of the Civil Rights Act can be made by showing either intentional discrimination or disparate treatment. Hickman v W-S Equip[503]*503ment Co, Inc, 176 Mich App 17, 20; 438 NW2d 872 (1989). Under the former, the plaintiff must show that he was a member of the affected class, that he was discharged, and that the person who discharged him was predisposed to discriminate against persons in the affected class and had actually acted on that disposition in discharging him. Dixon v WW Grainger, Inc, 168 Mich App 107, 114; 423 NW2d 580 (1987). The latter requires a showing that the plaintiff was a member of the class entitled to protection under the act and that he was treated differently than persons of a different class for the same or similar conduct. Id.

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Bluebook (online)
447 N.W.2d 152, 179 Mich. App. 497, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/singal-v-general-motors-corp-michctapp-1989.