KARLA WYNETTE SHERRELL, ) ) Plaintiff/Appellee, ) ) Appeal No. ) 01-A-01-9703-CH-00131 VS. ) ) Lawrence Chancery ) No. 8132-96 ROBBIE JAMES SHERRELL, )
Defendant/Appellant. ) ) FILED February 13, 1998 COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE MIDDLE SECTION AT NASHVILLE Cecil W. Crowson Appellate Court Clerk
APPEALED FROM THE CHANCERY COURT OF LAWRENCE COUNTY AT LAWRENCEBURG, TENNESSEE
THE HONORABLE JIM T. HAMILTON, JUDGE
CHARLES W. HOLT, JR. BOSTON, BATES, HOLT & SOCKWELL 235 Waterloo Street P. O. Box 357 Lawrenceburg, TN 38464 Attorney for Plaintiff/Appellee
DAVID L. ALLEN 200 Mahr Avenue P. O. Box 369 Lawrenceburg, Tennessee 38464 Attorney for Defendant/Appellant
REVERSED AND REMANDED
BEN H. CANTRELL, JUDGE
CONCUR: TODD, P.J., M.S. KOCH, J. OPINION
In this divorce case, we granted the husband’s Motion for Interlocutory
Appeal solely on the question of the trial court’s jurisdiction to determine the custody
of the parties’ three year old son. Our examination of the applicable law and of the
facts in the record lead us to find that the requirements of the Uniform Child Custody
Jurisdiction Act (UCCJA) preclude the trial court from deciding child custody without
first conferring with the court in the child’s home state of Texas.
I. The Marriage
James Sherrell and Karla Wynette Sherrell lived together in Lawrence
County, Tennessee for over a year, and then moved to the State of Texas. Their son,
Robbie Sherrell Jr. was born in Waxahachie, Texas on March 17, 1993. The parties
were married on April 10, 1993.
For most of their married life, the parties lived in Waxahachie, Texas, in
a trailer home next door to the home of Mr. Sherrell’s mother and father. Mrs.
Sherrell’s family live in Lawrence County, Tennessee. Problems in the marriage led
the Sherrells to return to Lawrence County on several occasions. The first such
episode in the record occurred when Mrs. Sherrell came to Lawrence County in April
of 1994, and ended when she returned to W axahachie in May of that same year.
Mrs. Sherrell returned again to Lawrence County in December of 1995
after her husband allegedly committed an act of physical violence against her. Robbie
Sherrell subsequently made many promises that he would no longer abuse his wife,
and she went back to Texas. However another episode of domestic violence led
Robbie Sherrell, Karla Sherrell and their child to move to Tennessee on March 15
-2- 1996. On May 19, 1996, while they were still in Tennessee, Mr. Sherrell allegedly
abused Mrs. Sherrell once more. She set out the details of the alleged abuse in a
criminal warrant she swore out against her husband. Mr. Sherrell was arrested. Upon
making bond, he returned to Texas.
II. Divorce Proceedings and Interlocutory Appeal
Mrs. Sherrell allowed her husband to persuade her to return to Texas
about two weeks later. She states “[a]t the time I went back to Texas it was my
intention to live there only if my husband quit his acts of physical violence towards
me.” She claims that the pattern of abuse continued, and she returned to Lawrence
County on or about September 3, 1996. She filed for divorce in the Chancery Court
of Lawrence County on September 10, 1996.
Robbie Sherrell subsequently filed his own suit for divorce in Ellis County
Texas, on November 18, 1996. The Texas court dismissed that suit, apparently
because it had been made aware of the Tennessee proceedings.
Mr. Sherrell responded to the Tennessee divorce complaint by making
a limited appearance for the purpose of moving the trial court to dismiss the complaint
for lack of jurisdiction and forum non conveniens. He argued that the parties were
both residents of Texas, not Tennessee, that Texas was the home state of Robbie
Sherrell Jr. under the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act, and that Texas was
therefore the more appropriate forum for determining both divorce and child custody.
The trial court overruled the motion on the ground that the complaint
alleged that “the Defendant was guilty of acts constituting inappropriate marital
conduct while the Plaintiff and the Defendant were bona fide residents of the State of
-3- Tennessee.” See Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-104(a), and Atchley v. Atchley, 585
S.W.2d 614 (Tenn. App. 1978).
Mr. Sherrell then moved the trial court for interlocutory appeal by
permission under Rule 9(a) T.R.A.P. The trial court granted the motion, and this court
granted his application for appeal, solely on the question of the trial court’s jurisdiction
over the issue of child custody.
III. The UCCJA and Home State Jurisdiction
Both parties acknowledge that this court must look to the Uniform Child
Custody Jurisdiction Act, Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-201, et seq. to make its
determination. The UCCJA was established, among other things, to enable the court
to “promote cooperation with the courts of other states to the end that a custody
decree is rendered in that state which can best decide the case in the interest of the
child.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-201(a)(2).
The UCCJA makes the “home state” of the child “the preferred if not
exclusive basis for awarding or modifying custody.” Brown v. Brown, 847 S.W. 2d
496, 508 (Tenn. 1993). The definition of home state is found in Tenn. Code Ann. §
36-6-602, and reads in relevant part:
(5) “Home state” means the state in which the child immediately preceding the time involved lived with such child’s parents, a parent or a person acting as parent, for at least six (6) consecutive months, . . . . Periods of temporary absence of any of the named persons are counted as part of the six (6) months or other period.
The phrase “immediately preceding the time involved” means the period
of time prior to the institution of the action. State ex rel Cooper v. Hamilton, 688
S.W.2d 821, 823 (Tenn. 1985). “The period during which a child has resided in this
state pending resolution of a custody dispute may not be considered in reckoning the
-4- time necessary to establish ‘home state’ jurisdiction.” Boyd v. Boyd, 653 S.W.2d 732,
738 (Tenn. App. 1983). Therefore for the purposes of these proceedings, Tennessee
has not become the home state of Robbie Sherrell Jr. by virtue of the time he has
spent in this state between September 3, 1996 and this appeal.
Although the appellee argues otherwise, it appears from the undisputed
facts in the record that Tennessee cannot be considered the home state of Robbie
Sherrell Jr., and if the child has a home state, it must be Texas. The parties had a
fixed habitation in Texas, but when they were in Tennessee, they stayed in the homes
of relatives. Robbie Sherrell Jr. was listed on the Texas Medicaid roll. The appellee
had a Texas driver’s license. The motor vehicle of the parties was registered in the
State of Texas. Mrs. Sherrell entered into a two-year rental-purchase agreement for
furniture in August of 1996 on which she listed a W axahachie home address. All
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KARLA WYNETTE SHERRELL, ) ) Plaintiff/Appellee, ) ) Appeal No. ) 01-A-01-9703-CH-00131 VS. ) ) Lawrence Chancery ) No. 8132-96 ROBBIE JAMES SHERRELL, )
Defendant/Appellant. ) ) FILED February 13, 1998 COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE MIDDLE SECTION AT NASHVILLE Cecil W. Crowson Appellate Court Clerk
APPEALED FROM THE CHANCERY COURT OF LAWRENCE COUNTY AT LAWRENCEBURG, TENNESSEE
THE HONORABLE JIM T. HAMILTON, JUDGE
CHARLES W. HOLT, JR. BOSTON, BATES, HOLT & SOCKWELL 235 Waterloo Street P. O. Box 357 Lawrenceburg, TN 38464 Attorney for Plaintiff/Appellee
DAVID L. ALLEN 200 Mahr Avenue P. O. Box 369 Lawrenceburg, Tennessee 38464 Attorney for Defendant/Appellant
REVERSED AND REMANDED
BEN H. CANTRELL, JUDGE
CONCUR: TODD, P.J., M.S. KOCH, J. OPINION
In this divorce case, we granted the husband’s Motion for Interlocutory
Appeal solely on the question of the trial court’s jurisdiction to determine the custody
of the parties’ three year old son. Our examination of the applicable law and of the
facts in the record lead us to find that the requirements of the Uniform Child Custody
Jurisdiction Act (UCCJA) preclude the trial court from deciding child custody without
first conferring with the court in the child’s home state of Texas.
I. The Marriage
James Sherrell and Karla Wynette Sherrell lived together in Lawrence
County, Tennessee for over a year, and then moved to the State of Texas. Their son,
Robbie Sherrell Jr. was born in Waxahachie, Texas on March 17, 1993. The parties
were married on April 10, 1993.
For most of their married life, the parties lived in Waxahachie, Texas, in
a trailer home next door to the home of Mr. Sherrell’s mother and father. Mrs.
Sherrell’s family live in Lawrence County, Tennessee. Problems in the marriage led
the Sherrells to return to Lawrence County on several occasions. The first such
episode in the record occurred when Mrs. Sherrell came to Lawrence County in April
of 1994, and ended when she returned to W axahachie in May of that same year.
Mrs. Sherrell returned again to Lawrence County in December of 1995
after her husband allegedly committed an act of physical violence against her. Robbie
Sherrell subsequently made many promises that he would no longer abuse his wife,
and she went back to Texas. However another episode of domestic violence led
Robbie Sherrell, Karla Sherrell and their child to move to Tennessee on March 15
-2- 1996. On May 19, 1996, while they were still in Tennessee, Mr. Sherrell allegedly
abused Mrs. Sherrell once more. She set out the details of the alleged abuse in a
criminal warrant she swore out against her husband. Mr. Sherrell was arrested. Upon
making bond, he returned to Texas.
II. Divorce Proceedings and Interlocutory Appeal
Mrs. Sherrell allowed her husband to persuade her to return to Texas
about two weeks later. She states “[a]t the time I went back to Texas it was my
intention to live there only if my husband quit his acts of physical violence towards
me.” She claims that the pattern of abuse continued, and she returned to Lawrence
County on or about September 3, 1996. She filed for divorce in the Chancery Court
of Lawrence County on September 10, 1996.
Robbie Sherrell subsequently filed his own suit for divorce in Ellis County
Texas, on November 18, 1996. The Texas court dismissed that suit, apparently
because it had been made aware of the Tennessee proceedings.
Mr. Sherrell responded to the Tennessee divorce complaint by making
a limited appearance for the purpose of moving the trial court to dismiss the complaint
for lack of jurisdiction and forum non conveniens. He argued that the parties were
both residents of Texas, not Tennessee, that Texas was the home state of Robbie
Sherrell Jr. under the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act, and that Texas was
therefore the more appropriate forum for determining both divorce and child custody.
The trial court overruled the motion on the ground that the complaint
alleged that “the Defendant was guilty of acts constituting inappropriate marital
conduct while the Plaintiff and the Defendant were bona fide residents of the State of
-3- Tennessee.” See Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-104(a), and Atchley v. Atchley, 585
S.W.2d 614 (Tenn. App. 1978).
Mr. Sherrell then moved the trial court for interlocutory appeal by
permission under Rule 9(a) T.R.A.P. The trial court granted the motion, and this court
granted his application for appeal, solely on the question of the trial court’s jurisdiction
over the issue of child custody.
III. The UCCJA and Home State Jurisdiction
Both parties acknowledge that this court must look to the Uniform Child
Custody Jurisdiction Act, Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-201, et seq. to make its
determination. The UCCJA was established, among other things, to enable the court
to “promote cooperation with the courts of other states to the end that a custody
decree is rendered in that state which can best decide the case in the interest of the
child.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-201(a)(2).
The UCCJA makes the “home state” of the child “the preferred if not
exclusive basis for awarding or modifying custody.” Brown v. Brown, 847 S.W. 2d
496, 508 (Tenn. 1993). The definition of home state is found in Tenn. Code Ann. §
36-6-602, and reads in relevant part:
(5) “Home state” means the state in which the child immediately preceding the time involved lived with such child’s parents, a parent or a person acting as parent, for at least six (6) consecutive months, . . . . Periods of temporary absence of any of the named persons are counted as part of the six (6) months or other period.
The phrase “immediately preceding the time involved” means the period
of time prior to the institution of the action. State ex rel Cooper v. Hamilton, 688
S.W.2d 821, 823 (Tenn. 1985). “The period during which a child has resided in this
state pending resolution of a custody dispute may not be considered in reckoning the
-4- time necessary to establish ‘home state’ jurisdiction.” Boyd v. Boyd, 653 S.W.2d 732,
738 (Tenn. App. 1983). Therefore for the purposes of these proceedings, Tennessee
has not become the home state of Robbie Sherrell Jr. by virtue of the time he has
spent in this state between September 3, 1996 and this appeal.
Although the appellee argues otherwise, it appears from the undisputed
facts in the record that Tennessee cannot be considered the home state of Robbie
Sherrell Jr., and if the child has a home state, it must be Texas. The parties had a
fixed habitation in Texas, but when they were in Tennessee, they stayed in the homes
of relatives. Robbie Sherrell Jr. was listed on the Texas Medicaid roll. The appellee
had a Texas driver’s license. The motor vehicle of the parties was registered in the
State of Texas. Mrs. Sherrell entered into a two-year rental-purchase agreement for
furniture in August of 1996 on which she listed a W axahachie home address. All
these facts tend to show that the child’s home state was Texas, with periods of
temporary absence in Tennessee, rather than the other way around.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-203(a)(1) gives this state jurisdiction to
determine child custody when it is the home state of the child, but under limited
circumstances, Tennessee may issue a custody order, even if it is not the child’s
home state, when
It appears that no state has jurisdiction under subdivision (a)(1), or each state with jurisdiction under subdivision (a)(1) has declined to exercise jurisdiction on the ground that this state is the more appropriate forum to determine the custody of the child; and (B) The child and at least one (1) contestant have a significant connection with this state; and (C) There is available in this state substantial evidence concerning the child’s present or future care, protection, training and personal relationship; and (D) It is in the best interest of the child that a court of this state assume jurisdiction.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-203(a)(2).
-5- The appellee moved this court to modify the record on appeal by
allowing her to file an authenticated copy of the transcript of the record of the Texas
divorce action, including the order dismissing that action. This court denied the
motion, because matters concerning the content of the record on appeal are primarily
questions for the trial court. At the time of oral argument, the trial court had not yet
ruled on the motion.
Though we do not have the Texas court’s order before us, the parties
have given us no reason to believe that the Texas court specifically found Tennessee
to be a more appropriate forum for the determination of child custody than Texas.
IV. Communication with other Courts
The UCCJA instructs the trial court to examine the pleadings for
information as to the child’s residence for the five years previous to the filing of the
complaint. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-210. It also must consult the child care
registry that the clerk of each court is required to maintain for communications as to
the pendency of custody proceedings in other states which may affect the jurisdiction
of the trial court. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-217. If the court has reason to believe
that proceedings are pending in another state, it must make an inquiry to the state
court administrator or other appropriate official of the other state. Tenn. Code Ann.
§ 36-6-207(c). If the trial court learns from these inquiries that there is a proceeding
pending in another state, it should not exercise its jurisdiction unless the other state
has stayed its proceedings for an appropriate reason. Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-
207(a).
There is nothing in the record to indicate that there was any
communication between the Texas court and the Tennessee court such as is
contemplated by the Act. In all fairness to the trial court, we must note that it may not
-6- have been as attentive to these requirements as it should have been, because the
appellee’s attorney failed to complete that part of the initial divorce complaint that
requires her to disclose the child’s address for the past five years.
One purpose of the UCCJA is to “[d]eter abductions and other unilateral
removals of children undertaken to obtain custody awards.” Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-
201(5). Though Mrs. Sherrell may have left Texas for a valid reason, i.e. to escape
an abusive relationship, her departure should not have the effect of stripping the
Texas courts of jurisdiction over the custody of a child whose home is in that state.
Further, we believe that one purpose of requiring substantive
communication between the courts is to prevent a “race to the courthouse” which
would give an unfair jurisdictional advantage to the party filing first. If the Texas court
dismissed Mr. Sherrell’s case under a misconception that the earlier-filed Tennessee
divorce complaint relieved it of the obligation to look to the Texas version of the
UCCJA to determine if it had jurisdiction over the child custody aspects of this case,
we would be reluctant to award Mrs. Sherrell the benefits flowing from such an error.
We would also be reluctant to support the proposition that the trial court
could bootstrap its jurisdiction over the divorce, which is not at issue here, into
jurisdiction over child custody, in the face of explicit provisions in the UCCJA that
require it confer with the Texas court to determine if Texas has declined to exercise
jurisdiction on the grounds listed in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-6-203(a)(2).
V.
The facts before us are not sufficient to confer jurisdiction on the trial
court to determine the custody of Robbie Sherrell Jr. We therefore remand this case
to the trial court so that it may consult with the Texas court, learn the status of any
-7- proceedings there, and reach a mutually acceptable decision on child custody
jurisdiction. We see no legal obstacle to a bifurcated proceeding, with divorce
determined in one state and child custody in the other, but as a practical matter, and
for the benefit of all parties, it would probably be best if all the issues were determined
in a single forum, whether that forum be in Tennessee or Texas.
This cause is remanded to the Chancery Court of Lawrence County for
further proceedings consistent with this opinion. Costs of this appeal are taxed
against the appellee, Karla Wynette Sherrell.
________________________________ BEN H. CANTRELL, JUDGE
CONCUR:
_______________________________ HENRY F. TODD, PRESIDING JUDGE MIDDLE SECTION
_______________________________ WILLIAM C. KOCH, JR., JUDGE
-8-