Shaw v. Davis

Opinion

1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 3 * * * 4 NORMAN SHAW, et al., Case No. 3:18-cv-0551-MMD-CLB 5 Plaintiffs, ORDER GRANTING, IN PART, AND 6 v. DENYING, IN PART, SHAW’S MOTION TO COMPEL 7 SCOTT DAVIS, et al.,

8 Defendants. [ECF No. 153] 9 10 11 Before the Court is Plaintiff Norman Shaw’s (“Shaw”) motion to compel discovery 12 from Defendants K. LeGrand (“LeGrand”), Renee Baker (“Baker”), Tara Carpenter 13 (“Carpenter”), Richard Snyder (“Snyder”), Scott Davis (“Davis”), and Kim Thomas 14 (“Thomas”) (ECF No. 153). Defendants opposed the motion, (ECF No. 165), and Shaw 15 replied. (ECF No. 166.) Having considered all the above, the motion is granted, in part, 16 and denied, in part, as stated below. 17 I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 18 A. Factual Background 19 Shaw is an inmate in the custody of the Nevada Department of Corrections 20 (“NDOC”) and is currently housed at the Lovelock Correctional Center (“LCC”). (See 21 ECF No. 39.) Proceeding pro se, Shaw and four other Plaintiffs1 filed the instant civil 22 rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for events that occurred while Plaintiffs were 23 incarcerated at LCC. (ECF Nos. 12, 39.) 24 Plaintiffs allege various claims and seek declaratory, injunctive, and monetary 25 relief. Specifically, Plaintiffs sued Defendants Chaplain Scott Davis, Associate Warden 26 Tara Carpenter, RRT Committee Harold Wickham, RRT Committee Richard Snyder,

27 1 Norman Shaw, Brian Kamedula, Charles Wirth, Ansell Jordan, and Joseph 28 1 Prison Administration,2 Caseworker K. LeGrand, Caseworker J. Ferro, Caseworker C. 2 Potter, Warden Renee Baker, Deputy Director Kim Thomas, John Doe #1, and John Doe 3 #2. (ECF No. 39.) 4 The complaint alleges, in summary, that prior to February 1, 2018, the chapel 5 schedule at LCC accommodated all the various religious faith groups and provided 6 sufficient time and space for each faith group to practice their respective religions. (Id. at 7 3.) On January 18, 2018, Carpenter issued a memo notifying all inmates that a new 8 chapel schedule would be implemented. (Id. at 5.) On January 24, 2018, Davis held a 9 meeting with the religious faith group facilitators and said that major changes were going 10 to be effective February 1, 2018. (Id. at 5-6.) 11 On February 1, 2018, Davis, Carpenter, Wickham, Snyder, Doe #1, and Doe 12 Prison Administration reduced chapel services by over 50% and some faith groups were 13 eliminated completely. (Id. at 6-11.) The five Plaintiffs are members of different faith 14 groups. (Id. at 7-10.) Plaintiffs allege that Episcopal, “The Way,” KAIROS, and Nation of 15 Islam faith groups all suffered either a reduction in chapel time or were eliminated or 16 changed in a manner which placed a substantial burden on each of their abilities to 17 practice the tenets of their religion. (Id.) 18 K. Thomas, Baker, Carpenter, Ferro, LeGrand, and Potter responded that the 19 reasons for the changes were for statewide consistency of the religious program and 20 adequate staff oversight. (Id. at 11-13.) However, LCC chapel services did not and still 21 do not require a chaplain, outside sponsor, correctional officer, or other staff member be 22 present in the chapel for religious services. (Id. at 12-13.) 23 On June 18, 2019, the District Court screened the complaint and allowed Plaintiffs 24 to proceed as follows: (1) in Count I, alleging Religious Land Use and Institutionalized 25 Persons Act of 2000 (“RLUIPA”) violations against Defendants Davis, Carpenter, 26 Wickham, Snyder, K. Thomas, Baker, Ferro, LeGrand, Potter, Doe #1 and Doe Prison

27 2 Plaintiffs state that Defendants “Prison Administration” are “Doe” defendants that 28 1 Administration; (2) in Count II, alleging Fourteenth Amendment equal protection 2 violations against Davis, Carpenter, Wickham, Snyder, Doe #1 and Doe Prison 3 Administration; (3) in Count III, alleging RLUIPA and Fourteenth Amendment equal 4 protection violations against Defendants LeGrand, Ferro, Potter, Baker, Carpenter, 5 Thomas, and Doe #2; (4) the portion of Count IV alleging First Amendment 6 Establishment Clause violations against Defendants Wickham, Snyder, Baker, 7 Carpenter, Davis, Doe #1 and Doe Prison Administration; (5) the portion of Count IV 8 alleging First Amendment Free Exercise Clause violations against Defendants Wickham, 9 Snyder, Baker, Carpenter, Davis, Doe #1 and Doe Prison Administration; and, (6) the 10 portion of Count IV alleging 42 U.S.C. § 1985(3) conspiracy against Defendants 11 Wickham, Snyder, Baker, Carpenter, Davis, Doe #1 and Doe Prison Administration; 12 (ECF No. 11.) 13 On January 21, 2020, Plaintiffs filed their First Amended Complaint (ECF No. 39), 14 which is now the operative complaint in this case. The allegations contained in Counts I 15 through IV of the original complaint and the FAC are identical. (Compare ECF No. 12 at 16 5-22, with ECF No. 39 at 3-20.) Accordingly, Plaintiffs were permitted to proceed on 17 Counts I through IV as outlined above. Plaintiffs were also permitted to add Count V 18 alleging retaliation against Defendants Davis and Carpenter. (ECF No. 68.) 19 A. Discovery Process 20 The Court entered the discovery scheduling order which required discovery to be 21 completed by October 20, 2020. (ECF No. 88.) The Court granted two extensions to the 22 scheduling order resulting in discovery ending on April 21, 2021. (ECF Nos. 90, 136.) 23 Due to the complexity created by the number of pro se litigants, the Court took an active 24 role in the discovery process to assist the parties and streamline the litigation. In total, 25 the Court held four case management conferences (“CMC”) over the course of this 26 litigation. (See ECF Nos. 101, 135, 145, 151.) Various discovery issues were addressed 27 at the CMCs. After several attempts by the parties to meet and confer, there were still 28 several issues that could not be resolved. 1 Thus, at the final CMC held on April 28, 2021, the Court set a briefing schedule 2 for each Plaintiff to file an individual motion to compel related to any outstanding 3 discovery requests from Defendants. (ECF No. 151.) The Court set forth the 4 requirements for each motion and explicitly indicated that Plaintiffs were not required to 5 include a declaration setting forth the details and results of each disputed discovery 6 request as the Court will assume that the parties have made a good faith effort to meet 7 and confer regarding the discovery disputes. (Id.) 8 The Court also requested that the Office of the Attorney General provide the 9 Court with copies of all discovery requests made in this case, all responses provided, 10 and all the documents provided in response to the discovery requests. The purpose of 11 this request was intended to limit the need for the parties to attach voluminous copies of 12 each discovery request and response as exhibits,3 and to provide the Court with easy 13 access to evaluate whether the documents provided in response to the discovery 14 requests were sufficient. A thumb drive containing these documents was received by the 15 Court on May 27, 2021. (ECF No. 176.) 16 Pursuant to the Court’s Order, Shaw filed the instant motion to compel seeking 17 supplementation of answers to certain Interrogatories and Requests for Production of 18 Documents served on several of the defendants. (ECF No. 153.) 19 II. LEGAL STANDARD 20 “[B]road discretion is vested in the trial court to permit or deny discovery.” Hallett 21 v. Morgan, 296 F.3d 732, 751 (9th Cir. 2002). The “scope of discovery” encompasses 22 “any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any party's claim or defense and 23 proportional to the needs of the case[.]” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). In analyzing 24 proportionality, the Court must consider the need for the information sought based upon 25 “the importance of the issues at stake in the action, the amount in controversy, the 26 27 3 As the Court is aware, inmates are charged for every copy made at the institution, this request was also intended to reduce the cost of the litigation for the pro se inmate 28 1 parties' relative access to relevant information, the parties' resources, the importance of 2 discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the burden or expense of the proposed 3 discovery outweighs its likely benefit.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). Relevance is to be 4 construed broadly to include “any matter that bears on, or that reasonably could lead to 5 other matter that could bear on” any party's claim or defense. Oppenheimer Fund, Inc. v. 6 Sanders, 437 U.S. 340, 351 (1978) (citation omitted). 7 When a party fails to provide discovery and the parties' attempts to resolve the 8 dispute without Court intervention are unsuccessful, the opposing party may seek an 9 order compelling that discovery. Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a). However, the party moving for an 10 order to compel discovery bears the initial burden of informing the court: (1) which 11 discovery requests are the subject of the motion to compel; (2) which of the responses 12 are disputed; (3) why he believes the response is deficient; (4) why defendants’ 13 objections are not justified; and (5) why the information he seeks through discovery is 14 relevant to the prosecution of this action. Harris v. Kernan, No. 2:17-cv-0680-TLN-KJN- 15 P, 2019 WL 4274010, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 10, 2019); see also Ellis v. Cambra, No. 16 1:02-cv-05646-AWI-SMS-PC, 2008 WL 860523, at *4 (E.D. Cal. 2008) (“Plaintiff must 17 inform the court which discovery requests are the subject of his motion to compel, and, 18 for each disputed response, inform the court why the information sought is relevant and 19 why defendant's objections are not justified.”). 20 Thereafter, the party seeking to avoid discovery bears the burden of showing why 21 that discovery should not be permitted. Blankenship v. Hearst Corp., 519 F.2d 418, 429 22 (9th Cir. 1975). The party resisting discovery “‘must specifically detail the reasons why 23 each request is irrelevant’ [or otherwise objectionable,] and may not rely on boilerplate, 24 generalized, conclusory, or speculative arguments.” F.T.C. v. AMG Servs., Inc., 291 25 F.R.D. 544, 553 (D. Nev. 2013) (quoting Painters Joint Comm. v. Emp. Painters Trust 26 Health & Welfare Fund, No. 2:10-cv-1385 JCM (PAL), 2011 WL 4573349, at *5 (D. Nev. 27 2011). Arguments against discovery must be supported by specific examples and 28 articulated reasoning. U.S. E.E.O.C. v. Caesars Ent., Inc., 237 F.R.D. 428, 432 (D. Nev. 1 2006). 2 III. DISCUSSION 3 A. Interrogatories 4 Shaw asserts that the Court should order supplemental responses to various 5 interrogatories served on Defendants LeGrand, Baker, and Carpenter. A party may 6 propound interrogatories related to any matter that may be inquired into under Federal 7 Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b). Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(a)(2). 8 A party is obligated to respond to the fullest extent possible in writing under oath, 9 and the response must be signed by the answering party. Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(b)(3), (5). 10 An interrogatory is not objectionable merely because it asks for an opinion or contention 11 that relates to fact or the application of law to fact. Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(a)(2). However, if 12 an interrogatory is objectionable, the objection must be stated with specificity. Fed. R. 13 Civ. P. 33(b)(4); Davis v. Fendler, 650 F.2d 1154, 1160 (9th Cir. 1981). A district court 14 has broad discretion in deciding whether to require answers to interrogatories. See 8B 15 Wright & Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2176 (3d ed. 2021). 16 A responding party is not generally required to conduct extensive research to 17 answer an interrogatory, but a reasonable effort to respond must be made. Gorrell v. 18 Sneath, 292 F.R.D. 629, 632 (E.D. Cal. 2013); L.H. v. Schwarzenegger, 2007 WL 19 2781132, *2 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 21, 2007). This does require that the responding party must 20 conduct a search for relevant information and must answer interrogatories after a diligent 21 search. F.D.I.C. v. Halpern, 271 F.R.D. 191, 193-94 (D. Nev. 2010). Thus, a responding 22 party “cannot limit its interrogatory answers to matters within its own knowledge and 23 ignore information immediately available to it or under its control”. Id. 24 When a dispute arises out of the completeness of a search undertaken, 25 particularly when there is an absence of information that would have been expected to 26 be included, the responding party “must come forward with an explanation of the search 27 conducted with ‘sufficient specificity to allow the Court to determine whether a 28 reasonable search’” was performed. Cf. V5 Techs. v. Switch, Ltd., 332 F.R.D. 356, 366- 1 67 (D. Nev. 2019) (citation omitted). 2 The Court will address Shaw’s arguments in turn.4 3 1. Legrand Interrogatories 1 through 6 (Discovery Set 15)5 4 Shaw first takes issue with LeGrand’s responses to Interrogatories 1 through 6. 5 The full text and responses to these interrogatories are as follows:6 6 Request for Interrogatory Discovery No. 7 Identify the day, time and location for Alcoholic Anonymous 8 1 meetings at LCC for Phase I inmates, how often they are scheduled, and any changes taking place since 2/1/18 to present. 9 Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, since approximately March 16, 2020, outside volunteers have not been permitted to enter 10 Lovelock Correctional Center; therefore there are currently no 11 Alcoholic Anonymous meetings conducted by outside volunteers taking place. I do not know when, or if, inmates informally 12 participate in their own inmate run Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. I have never been responsible for, or involved with, the 13 scheduling of Alcoholics Anonymous meetings prior to sometime in approximately February or March of 2020, and due to the COVID- 14 Response 19 pandemic we were unable to proceed with allowing the 15 volunteers into the institution for the Alcoholic Anonymous meeting which I was involved with working to schedule. I have no personal 16 knowledge regarding Alcoholic Anonymous meetings which may, or may not, have taken place at Lovelock Correctional Center prior 17 to my involvement in working to schedule meetings with outside volunteers in approximately February or March of 2020, and also I 18 have no personal knowledge regarding any change which many 19 have taken place with respect to such meetings. 20

21 4 Shaw’s motion raises issues with Defendants’ failure to provide verifications to 22 various responses to interrogatories. Defendants filed an erratum to their opposition providing the necessary verifications to the discovery requests made by Shaw. (See 23 ECF No. 173). Based on the Court’s review, it appears that Defendants have provided proper verifications for the discovery responses provided to Shaw. Therefore, this issue 24 has been resolved as to Shaw’s discovery issues and any request to compel these items is denied as moot. 25

26 5 This number refers to the number assigned to this specific discovery document on a discovery table developed and used by Plaintiff, Defendants, and the Court throughout 27 this case. (ECF No. 153-1.)

28 1 Identify the day Identify the day, time and location for Narcotics Anonymous meetings at LCC for Phase I inmates, how often they 2 2 are scheduled, and any changes taking place since 2/1/18 to present. 3 Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, since approximately March 16, 4 2020, outside volunteers have not been permitted to enter Lovelock Correctional Center; therefore there are currently no 5 Narcotics Anonymous meetings conducted by outside volunteers taking place. I do not know when, or if, inmates informally 6 Response participate in their own inmate run Narcotics Anonymous meetings. 7 To date, I have not had any personal responsibility, or involvement with, the scheduling of Narcotics Anonymous meetings at Lovelock 8 Correctional Center and, therefore, have no personal knowledge regarding Narcotics Anonymous meetings which may, or may not, 9 have taken place at Lovelock Correctional Center. 10 Identify the day, time and location for “SCA” meetings at LCC for 3 Phase I inmates, how often they are scheduled, and any changes 11 taking place since 2/1/18 to present. 12 I do not know what “SCA” stands for and therefore cannot provide Response a response Interrogatory as written. 13 Identify the day, time and location for Vietnam Veterans 14 Association (“VVA”) meetings at LCC for Phase I inmates, how 4 often they are scheduled, and any change taking place since 15 2/1/18 to present. 16 To date, I have not had any personal responsibility, or involvement with, the scheduling of Vietnam Veterans Association (“VVA”) 17 meetings at Lovelock Correctional Center and, therefore, have no personal knowledge regarding the scheduling of, and/or any 18 Response change that may have taken place with respect to Vietnam 19 Veterans Association (“VVA”) meeting at Lovelock Correctional Center. Notwithstandin, I have been advised that the Vietnam 20 Veterans Association (“VVA”) holds monthly meetings in the Lovelock Correctional Center Phase I Chow Hall. 21 Identify the day, time and location for Hiternaive [sic] to Violence 22 5 Program meetings at LCC for Phase I inmates, how often they are scheduled, and any changes taking place since 2/1/18 to present. 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, since approximately March 16, 2020, outside volunteers have not been permitted to enter 2 Lovelock Correctional Center; therefore there are currently no Alternatives to Violence Program at Lovelock Correctional Center 3 and, therefore, have no personal knowledge regarding the Response 4 scheduling of, and/or any changes that may have taken place with respect to, the Alternatives to Violence Program. Notwithstanding, 5 to the best of my knowledge, the Alternatives to Violence Program for general population inmates usually takes place in the visiting 6 room at Lovelock Correctional Center. 7 Identify the location and operational hours for the American Legion 6 8 Office at LCC and the location for any meetings for its members. 9 The American Legion and Vietnam Veterans Association (“VVA”) office is currently located in the Unit 1B Activity Room. To date, I 10 have had no personal responsibility or involvement in scheduling American Legion meetings and/or office hours, and there have no 11 Response personal knowledge regarding the same. Notwithstanding, I have been advised that the American Legion hold monthly meetings in 12 the Lovelock Correctional Center visiting room and that office hours 13 are dependent upon the yard schedule. 14 (ECF 153 at 3-7.) 15 In each of these Interrogatories, Shaw is essentially requesting information from 16 LeGrand related to the day, time, and location of various non-religious groups at LCC, 17 such as Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, “SCA” (Sexual Compulsion 18 Anonymous)7, the Vietnam Veterans Association, Alternatives to Violence, and the 19 American Legion. (Id.) In each response, LeGrand ultimately claims that she could not 20 provide responsive information to the interrogatories because she did not have personal 21 responsibility or involvement in scheduling the meetings. (Id.) In short, LeGrand 22 effectively claimed she didn’t know the information necessary to respond. 23 As noted above, when responding to interrogatories, the responding party is 24 25 7 In response to Interrogatory 3, LeGrand refused to answer because she did not know what “SCA” stood for. (ECF No. 153 at 5-7). If this were the case, LeGrand could 26 easily have determined that information by making a simple inquiry at the facility or through a simple meet and confer with Shaw. The Court finds this response to be 27 improper and she and her counsel are advised that such conduct will not be tolerated in the future. 28 1 required to conduct a search for relevant information and answer interrogatories after 2 that diligent search is complete. Halpern, 271 F.R.D. at 193-94. Such review requires the 3 responding party to review documents or items within the party’s possession, custody, 4 and control. Id. at 194. “Control is defined as the legal right to obtain documents upon 5 demand.” U.S. v. Int’ll Union of Petroleum and Indus. Workers, AFL-CIO, 870 F.2d 1450, 6 1452 (9th Cir. 1989); In re Citric Acid Litigation, 191 F.3d 1090, 1107 (9th Cir. 1999); see 7 also Mitchell v. Adams, 2009 WL 674348, at *9 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 6, 2009) (warden of 8 prison deemed to be in constructive control over documents related to prisoner civil 9 rights case). 10 LeGrand is currently the Associate Warden of LCC. As the Associate Warden and 11 as a current employee of the NDOC, she has control over information and documents 12 that she could search in order to obtain the information necessary to adequately respond 13 to interrogatories. Thus, LeGrand was, and is, required to at least look for information 14 available to her that is related to the meetings involving these non-religious groups. She 15 cannot simply claim she lacked responsibility or involvement for setting the meetings, 16 without conducting any search of relevant information that she undoubtedly has both 17 access to and control over. 18 Therefore, the Court agrees with Shaw and orders LeGrand to supplement her 19 responses to Interrogatories 1-6 within 30 days of the date of this order. If she is unable 20 to locate information to assist her in these responses, LeGrand is reminded that she is 21 required to provide an explanation of the search she conducted with sufficient specificity 22 to allow the Court to determine whether a reasonable search was performed. Cf. V5 23 Techs. v. Switch, Ltd., 332 F.R.D. 356, 366-67 (D. Nev. 2019). Finally, her supplemental 24 responses must contain proper verifications. 25 2. Legrand - Interrogatories 7 through 9 (Discovery Set 17) 26 Next, Shaw argues LeGrand’s responses to Interrogatories 7 through 9 are 27 equally inadequate. The full text and responses of these interrogatories is as follows: 28 1 Request for Interrogatory 2 Discovery No. 3 Identify each and every record you reviewed which support your 4 7 contentions as stated in your official response to Informal Grievance No. 2006-30-63928. 5 Objection – unduly burdensome 6 Notwithstanding this objection and without waiving it, Defendant states: I do not recall what I reviewed when responding to Informal 7 Level Grievance 2006-30-63928. Notwithstanding, I reference the 8 Response following within my Response to Informal Level Grievance 2006- 30-63298: Nevada Department of Corrections Religious Practice 9 Manual (Effective 09/05/17): Lovelock Correctional Center’s 02/01/18 Chapel Schedule; and Administrative Regulation 810. 10 11 Did you meet with or interview any person relating to Informal Grievance No. 2006-30-63298 prior to completing your official 12 8 response? If so, provide the dates the meetings took place, identity of the person(s) you interviewed, and identify any 13 document generated as a result of the meeting/interview. 14 Objection – improperly compound and conjunctive Notwithstanding . . . Defendant states: I do not recall whether I met 15 Response with or interviewed any person relating to Informal Level Grievance 16 2006-30-63928 prior to completing the response. Did anyone give you any type of guidance, instruction, or 17 information as to how you should respond to Informal Grievance 18 9 2006-30-63928? If so, identify the person and state with specificity what guidance, instruction or information was provided to you. 19 Objection – improperly compound and conjunctive 20 Notwithstanding . . . Defendant states: I have no recollection of 21 what occurred, or did not occur, at the time I was preparing my response to Informal Level Grievance 2006-30-63928. I have no 22 Response recollection as to receiving any type of guidance, instruction or information as to how to respond to Informal Level Grievance 2006- 23 30-63928, and I cannot affirmatively state whether I may have discussed this grievance with anyone, or not as I have no specific 24 recollection of responding to this grievance. 25 (ECF No. 153 at 8-10.) 26 Shaw asserts that LeGrand answered these interrogatories by stating she has “no 27 recollection.” (Id.) Shaw argues that LeGrand should be compelled, after inquiry, to 28 provide further responses, or if there is no evidence that she interviewed any person or 1 was provided with guidance, she should so state. (Id. at 10.) 2 Defendants responded that LeGrand is entitled to lack definitive knowledge after 3 making a reasonable inquiry, that she is not required to conduct an overly extensive 4 investigation if some obscure document might exist that would refresh her memory, and 5 that Shaw cannot coerce LeGrand to make a definitive response. (ECF No. 165 at 2.) 6 Defendants further state that if the Court requires additional information as to the 7 reasonably inquiry conducted by LeGrand to answer these interrogatories, LeGrand will 8 comply. (Id. at 2-3.) 9 As noted above, a responding party must conduct a search for relevant 10 information and must answer interrogatories after a diligent search. Halpern, 271 F.R.D. 11 at 193-94. Moreover, a responding party “cannot limit its interrogatory answers to 12 matters within its own knowledge and ignore information immediately available to it or 13 under its control”. Id. at 193. 14 As such, the Court again agrees with Shaw that the responses provided by 15 LeGrand are insufficient. In response to these interrogatories, LeGrand states she simply 16 doesn’t recall information related to the requests. However, LeGrand did not provide any 17 information about what, if any, search she did to locate any documents or records that 18 may be in her possession that could assist her in providing complete answers—such as 19 reviewing any calendars she may maintain related to meetings she may have had or 20 reviewing any correspondence (such as emails) that may be in her possession related to 21 the specific grievance, or the like. Rather, based on the information provided to the 22 Court, Legrand relied entirely upon her “own knowledge” and did not make any attempt 23 research any information to assist her in responding. (ECF Nos. 153, 165.) 24 Therefore, the Court orders LeGrand to supplement her responses to these 25 interrogatories, within 30 days of the date of this order, consistent with the requirements 26 stated above.8 If, after making a reasonable inquiry into any available records she is still 27

28 1 unable to recall the requesting information, she must provide an answer stating, under 2 oath, that she does not recall and explain the steps taken to search for information 3 relevant to the inquiry. 4 3. Additional Interrogatories 5 Shaw’s Motion also seeks an order compelling supplemental answers to the 6 following interrogatories: 7 • Interrogatory 16 (Discovery Set 34) to Defendant LeGrand 8 • Interrogatories 4-8; 16-8 (Discovery Set 30) to Defendant Baker 9 • Interrogatory 1 (Discovery Set 31) to Defendant Carpenter 10 (ECF 153 at 10-16.) 11 In the opposition, it appears Defendants either concede, or agree, to provide 12 supplementation to each of these items. Therefore, the Court grants Shaw’s motion to 13 compel Defendants to supplement the above interrogatories within 30 days of the date of 14 this order. Moreover, the supplemental responses should be provided in a manner that is 15 consistent with the standards and guidance set forth above in this order in that: (1) the 16 responses must be verified; (2) a reasonable search must be conducted of items within 17 the possession, custody, and control of the individual defendants;9 and (3) the search 18 conducted must be described and provided to Shaw. 19 B. Requests for Production of Documents 20 Shaw also asserts that the Court should order supplemental responses to several 21 Requests for Production of Documents he served upon Defendants LeGrand, Davis, and 22

23 any records in her possession or control, she must explicitly state that in her 24 supplemental responses.

25 9 It must be unscored that if any of these defendants are former employees of NDOC, they are not required to search records held by NDOC to provide supplemental 26 answers. “Former employees of government agencies do not have ‘possession, custody, or control’ of documents held by their former employers.” Lowe v. District of Columbia, 27 250 F.R.D. 36, 38 (D.D.C.2008).

28 1 Thomas. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 34, a “party may serve on any 2 other party a request within the scope of Rule 26(b)” for production of documents “in the 3 responding party's possession, custody, or control.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(a). The 4 requesting party “is entitled to individualized, complete responses to each of the 5 [Requests for Production], . . . accompanied by production of each of the documents 6 responsive to the request, regardless of whether the documents have already been 7 produced.” Womack v. Gibbons, No. 1:19-cv-00615-AWI-SAB-PC, 2021 WL 1734809, at 8 *2 (E.D. Cal. May 3, 2021) (citing Louen v. Twedt, 236 F.R.D. 502, 505 (E.D. Cal. 2006). 9 Failure to object to requests for production of documents within the time required 10 constitutes a waiver of any objection. See Richmark Corp. v. Timber Falling Consultants, 11 959 F.2d 1468, 1473 (9th Cir. 1992). 12 1. LeGrand - Requests for Production 4 - 6 (Discovery Set 16) 13 First, Shaw requests an order compelling LeGrand to supplement her responses 14 to Requests for Production of Documents 4 - 6, which requested the following: 15 Request for Request for Production Discovery No. 16 Each and every document relating to any investigations by 17 4 NDOC/LCC staff relating to Grievance 2006-30-63298. 18 Each and every record, note, email, correspondence, NOTIS 19 5 entry/document, and/or any other document relating to Grievance No. 2006-30-63298. 20 Each and every proposed responses [sic] relating to Grievance 21 6 No. 2006-30-63298. 22 23 (ECF No. 153 at 19-22.) 24 To each of these requests, LeGrand responded as follows: 25 Objection – overly broad, unduly vague, ambiguous and confusing, burdensome, beyond Defendant’s personal knowledge 26 Notwithstanding . . . Defendant produced Grievance 2006-30-63298, with all documents, identified as Shaw 051: Def. LeGrand Resp. to Shaw 27 RFPD [1] – 002-014, in response to No. 2 above. Further, the Lovelock 28 Correctional Center’s February 1, 2018 Chapel Schedule, the January 18, 1 2018 memo from Associate Warden Carpenter to all inmates regarding the Chapel Schedule were produced and identified as SHAW 051: Def. 2 Davis Resp. to Shaw RFPD [1] – 003-005, and AR 810 was produced and identified as SHAW 015: Def. Garrett Resp. to Shaw RFPD [1] 034-129. 3 Defendant, however, produced AR 810.3 “Religious Practice Manual,” 4 effective September 5, 2017, identified as SHAW 051: Def. LeGrand Resp. to Cowart RFPD [1] – 014-047. All of the above may be responsive 5 to this request. (Id.) 6 The Court has reviewed all the documents provided by LeGrand to Shaw in 7 response to these interrogatories, which are contained on the thumb drive submitted to 8 the Court. (ECF No. 176.) Based on this review, the Court finds that the documents 9 provided are sufficient and provide the information that was requested. Therefore, the 10 Court finds that no further supplementation is necessary with respect to Cowart’s 11 Requests for Production of Documents 4 - 6. 12 2. Legrand - Requests for Production 8 - 10 (Discovery Set 16) 13 Next, Shaw seeks an order compelling LeGrand to supplement her responses to 14 Requests for Production 8 - 10. The full text of the requests and responses are as 15 follows: 16 Request for 17 Request for Production Discovery No. 18 Each and every document showing, advising, or providing guidance on how you were to draft a response to Grievance 2006- 8 19 30-63298.

20 Objection – Argumentative, Plaintiff assumes Defendant received 21 guidance, assumes facts as true without supporting evidence. Response Defendant has no documents responsive to this request in her 22 possession.

23 All Chapel Schedules from other NDOC institutions you reviewed 9 prior to the implementation of the 2/1/18 Chapel Schedule at LCC. 24

25 Objection – Argumentative, Plaintiff assumes Defendant received guidance, assumes facts as true without supporting evidence. 26 Response Defendant has no documents responsive to this request in her possession. 27 28 1 All documents relating to any input you received from the Religious Review Team prior to the implementation of the 2/1/18 LCC Chapel 2 10 Schedule.

3 Objection - Argumentative, Plaintiff assumes Defendant received 4 guidance, assumes facts as true without supporting evidence, overly broad and burdensome 5 Notwithstanding . . . Defendant has no documents in her Response possession relating to input she received from the Religious 6 Review Team pertaining to the issue addressed within Grievance 2006-30-63298. 7

8 9 (ECF No. 153 at 22-24.) 10 In each response, LeGrand claims that she does not have any responsive 11 documents “in her possession.” However, as explained in Section III(A)(1), this is an 12 improper response. Therefore, consistent with the above guidance in this order, LeGrand 13 shall provide supplemental responses to these Requests for Production of Documents 14 within 30 days of this Order. The supplemental answers must provide any documents 15 located. If no documents can be located, LeGrand must provide a detailed declaration 16 explaining the steps that were taken to search of responsive documents. 17 3. LeGrand - Requests for Production 16 - 18 (Discovery Set 41) 18 Next, Shaw served Requests for Production of Documents 16 – 18 on LeGrand, a 19 current NDOC employee, requesting information directly related to the assertions made 20 in Baker’s declaration related to the change in the LCC Chapel schedule. The full text of 21 these requests are as follows: 22 Request for Request for Production Discovery No. 23 16 In Renee Baker’s Declaration (ECF 72-7) she alleges she became 24 aware inmates were engaging in sexual activities in the LCC Chapel from September 2016 thru December 2017. Produce each 25 document, statement, and/or other tangible item that defendants intend to use (or can be used) as evidence to support this 26 allegation.

27 28 1 17 In Renee Baker’s Declaration (ECF 72-7) she alleges she became aware inmates were selling drugs and other contraband in the LCC 2 Chapel from September 2016 thru December 2017. Produce each document, statement, and/or other tangible item that defendants 3 intend to use (or can be used) as evidence to support this 4 allegation.

5 18 In Renee Baker’s Declaration (ECF 72-7) she alleges she became aware inmates were engaging in other impermissible actions in the 6 LCC Chapel from September 2016 thru December 2017. Produce each document, statement, and/or other tangible item that 7 defendants intend to use (or can be used) as evidence to support 8 this allegation. 9 (ECF No. 153 at 24-26.) (emphasis added.) 10 LeGrand provided the same response to each request. Specifically, she stated 11 the following: 12 Objection – confidential and sensitive information about other inmates (if it exists), official information privilege, requesting Defendant to produce 13 documents that another Defendant may or may not have reviewed is beyond Defendant’s personal knowledge.10 14 15 (Id.) Shaw seeks an order compelling LeGrand to provide documents responsive to 16 these requests. Shaw argues that the documents he is requesting are presumed to exist 17 because of Baker’s declaration, (ECF No. 72-7), and her response to his interrogatories. 18 (ECF No. 153 at 26.) Shaw also argues that LeGrand failed to produce a privilege log or 19 file a motion for protective order and now belatedly raises a “safety and security” claim 20 and should produce documents in camera for the Court’s review. (Id.) In opposition, 21 LeGrand stated that if such documents exist it calls for the identification of confidential 22 information about other inmates. (Id. at 25-26.) She also answered each request by

23 10 LeGrand’s objection that she is being asked to produce documents that another 24 Defendant “may or may not have used” to create her declaration is inaccurate. Shaw did not ask LeGrand to identify any documents Baker may or may not have used to draft her 25 declaration. Rather, Shaw requested LeGrand to produce any documents that 26 Defendants intend to use as evidence to support the allegations in Baker’s declaration. The entire purpose of the rules of discovery are intended to ensure that either party 27 receives the documents and information that the other party intends to use to support their claims or defenses. 28 1 stating that Shaw was requesting her to produce documents that another Defendant may 2 or may not have reviewed, therefore, this was beyond her personal knowledge. (Id. at 3 25-26.) In response, LeGrand merely states that she is “willing to produce any 4 disciplinary documents substantiating Baker’s claims in her declaration for in camera 5 review.” (ECF No. 165 at 6.) 6 Therefore, the Court grants Shaw’s motion to compel and orders LeGrand to 7 produce all documents or records in her possession, custody, and control that are 8 responsive to Interrogatories 16 – 18 for in camera review by no later than 30 days after 9 the date of the entry of this order.11 10 4. Requests for Production of Documents re: Sign In Sheets 11 Shaw seeks an order compelling Defendants LeGrand and Davis to provide 12 unredacted copies of sign-in sheets from meetings held at LCC during the relevant time 13 period. These requests are as follows: 14 Legrand Request for Request for Production (Discovery Set 41) 15 Discovery No. Produce a copy of the sign-in sheet for the chapel based facilitators 16 meeting held by Chaplain Davis on 7/19/2018 at 10:30 am in the 20 17 LCC Chapel.

18 Defendant produces the July 19, 2018, sign-in sheet, identified as Response SHAW 551: Def. LeGrand Resp. to Shaw RFPD [2] – 050-***. 19 20 (ECF No. 153 at 27.) 21 Davis Request for Discovery Request for Production (Discovery Set 1) 22 No. 23 A copy of the sign-in sheet for the Faith Group Facilitators meeting 2 you held in the LCC Chapel on 1/24/18. 24 25 26 11 It must be underscored that the Requests are not limited merely to “disciplinary documents.” Rather, these requests seek all documents or other items Defendants 27 intend to use as evidence to support their claims in this case. Therefore, the Court’s order is not limited to only “disciplinary documents” and Defendants should not limit their 28 1 The sign-in sheets are only retained for 2 years as they take up too Response 2 much room, therefore, no longer exist. 3 The sign-in sheets are generally only retained for 2 years as they take up too much room. Defendant has reviewed the file in which 4 Supp. the sign-in sheets are kept, as well as other places in his office and 5 Response at LCC where sign-in sheets could be kept, and Defendant could not locate the sought sign-in sheets. See, generally, Declaration of 6 Scott Davis. 7 (ECF No. 153 at 16-17.) 8 LeGrand produced the July 19, 2018, sign-in sheet, however, it is heavily 9 redacted. (Id. at 27.) Shaw argues LeGrand should be compelled to produce an 10 unredacted version. (Id.) In addition, Shaw argues that Davis should be required to 11 produce an unredacted version of the Religious Facilitators list that LeGrand produced 12 as Exhibit 5, DI #21, doc. 100-101, which was also heavily redacted. (Id. at 17.) 13 Defendants object to the production of the unredacted sign-in sheet from LeGrand 14 for safety and security reasons. (ECF No. 165 at 6.) Defendants further object to the 15 production of the unredacted lists requested from Davis as Defendants claim the lists 16 contain sensitive information regarding positions other inmates held, or still hold, in the 17 chapel which could pose a potential threat to institutional safety. (Id. at 4.) 18 The Court finds that Defendants have failed to explain how providing unredacted 19 versions of these lists would provide a safety or security concern. Rather, Defendant 20 merely states—without any explanation, evidence, or citation to any institutional policy or 21 rule—that releasing the unredacted information creates a “safety and security concern.” 22 Therefore, the Court overrules Defendants’ objection and orders Defendants to produce 23 unredacted versions of these documents within 30 days of the date of this order. 24 5. Thomas - Request for Production 1 (Discovery Set 8) 25 Request for Request for Production Discovery No. 26 27 1 Each and every Chapel Schedule from each and every NDOC institution facility for the period of June 2017 thru June 2018. 28 1 Objection – previously propounded, continuous discovery, oppressive 2 Notwithstanding . . . Defendant produces the June 2017 through Response January 2018 Chapel Schedules, that could be located, identified 3 as SHAW 551: Def. Thomas Resp. to Shaw RFPD [2] – 008-013. 4 See response to RFPD No. 1, set, for 2018. 5 (ECF No. 153 at 17.) 6 Thomas produced the June 2017, through January 2018, Chapel Schedules. (Id. 7 at 18.) Shaw argues, however, that he is requesting each and every Chapel schedule for 8 the six-month period before and after February 1, 2018, from each NDOC institution 9 because Baker claimed inconsistency of LCC’s chapel schedule with other NDOC 10 institutions in her declaration. (Id. at 18.) 11 Defendants responded that Shaw is seeking a total of 192 separate chapel 12 schedules from 16 institutions making this request overbroad and not proportional to the 13 needs of this case. (ECF No. 165 at 4-5.) 14 Defendants’ arguments lack merit. One of the assertions from Defendants in this 15 case for changing the LCC Chapel schedule is that the LCC schedule was inconsistent 16 with other NDOC institutions. Therefore, the request seeks relevant evidence. Moreover, 17 the requests seek documents for a limited period of time—only one year—between June 18 2017, to June 2018. This request is narrow in time, and it does not appear that gathering 19 these schedules would create a significant burden of time or resources for Defendants. 20 In fact, it appears that Defendants already have these items gathered—given that they 21 were able to state that “192 separate chapel schedules exist.” (Id. at 4.) Therefore, the 22 Court grants Shaw’s motion to compel Thomas to supplement his request to Request for 23 Production 1 within 30 days of the date of this order. 24 6. Thomas - Request for Production 2 (Discovery Set 8) 25 Request for Request for Production 26 Discovery No. Each and every Operational Procedure (“OP”) 810 and/or 27 2 Institutional Procedure (“IF”) 810, in effect from June 2017 thru 28 June 2018 for each and every NDOC institution/facility. 1 Defendant produces OP 810, identified as SHAW 551: Def. Response 2 Thomas Resp. to Shaw RFPD [2] – 014-081. 3 (ECF No. 153 at 18.) 4 Thomas produced OP 810 for FMWCC (the women’s prison) for the requested 5 period but failed to produce any other OP 810 for the other institutions. (Id.) 6 Defendants responded that each OP 810 for every NDOC institution is not 7 proportional to the needs of this case. (ECF No. 165 at 5.) However, Defendants will 8 produce this if required by the Court. (Id.) 9 Here again, the Court disagrees with Defendants that this request is 10 disproportional to the needs of the case. It is appropriately limited to only a one-year time 11 frame and limited to only the policies in place during this limited time period. Therefore, 12 the Court grants Shaw’s motion to compel Thomas to supplement his request to Request 13 for Production 2 within 30 days of the date of this order. 14 C. Snyder Discovery Requests 15 Shaw asserts Defendant Richard Snyder was served with interrogatories on 16 November 18, 2020 and failed to respond. (ECF No. 153 at 16.) Defendants indicated 17 that they have been attempting to reach Snyder and have learned that Snyder had been 18 experiencing serious COVID-19 complications requiring multiple hospitalizations. (ECF 19 No. 165 at 4.) Defendants will obtain responses from Snyder once he is healthy. (Id.) 20 However, since the filing of these documents, Defendants filed a “Suggestion of 21 Death on the Record,” indicating that Snyder passed away on June 20, 2021. (ECF No. 22 170.) The Court has since ordered Plaintiffs to file a motion for substitution for Defendant 23 Snyder. (ECF No. 171.) Therefore, Shaw’s motion to compel discovery responses from 24 Snyder is denied as moot. 25 IV. CONCLUSION 26 IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Shaw’s motion to compel production of 27 discovery (ECF No. 153) is GRANTED, in part, and DENIED, as follows: 28 1 1) As to LeGrand Interrogatories 1-6 (Set 15), 7-9 (Set 17) and 16 (Set 34) 2 and LeGrand Request for Production of Documents 8-10 (Set 16) and 20 3 (Set 4), the motion is GRANTED. LeGrand shall supplement her responses 4 to these discovery requests no later 30 days from the date of this order. 5 2) As to LeGrand Requests for Production 8-10 (Set 16) and 16-18 and 20 6 (Set 41), the motion is GRANTED. LeGrand shall provide all documents 7 and items responsive these requests within 30 days from the date of this 8 order to the Court for an in-camera review; 9 3) As to LeGrand Requests for Production 4-6 (Set 16), the motion is 10 DENIED. 11 4) As to Baker Interrogatories 4-8 and 16-18 (Set 31), the motion is 12 GRANTED. Baker shall supplement her responses to these discovery 13 requests no later 30 days from the date of this order. 14 5) As to Carpenter Interrogatory 1 (Set 31), the motion is GRANTED. 15 Carpenter shall have 30 days from the date of this order to supplement the 16 response to this interrogatory. 17 6) As to Davis Request for Production 2 (Set 1), the motion is GRANTED. 18 Davis shall have 30 days from the date of this order to supplement the 19 response to this interrogatory. 20 7) As to Thomas Requests for Production 1-2 (Set 8), the motion is 21 GRANTED. Thomas shall have 30 days from the date of this order to 22 supplement the responses to these interrogatories. 23 8) As to the Synder discovery requests, the motion is DENIED as moot. 24 || DATED: August 31, 2021 25 .

26 UNITED STATES ipl JUDGE 27 28