IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS WESTERN DISTRICT SHANIA A. HARNESS, ) Appellant, ) ) v. ) WD83510 ) STATE OF MISSOURI, ) FILED: November 3, 2020 Respondent. ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of Buchanan County The Honorable Patrick K. Robb, Judge Before Division Four: Cynthia L. Martin, C.J., and Alok Ahuja and Edward R. Ardini, JJ. Shania Harness pleaded guilty in the Circuit Court of Buchanan County to
one count of first-degree robbery and was sentenced to twelve years’ imprisonment.
Harness filed a motion for post-conviction relief under Supreme Court Rule 24.035.
Her appointed counsel filed an untimely amended motion. The circuit court denied
Harness’ amended motion on the merits after an evidentiary hearing, without
addressing the timeliness issue. Harness appeals. Because the circuit court failed
to address whether Harness had been abandoned by her post-conviction counsel’s
filing of an untimely amended motion, we vacate the circuit court’s decision without
reaching the merits of Harness’ appeal. The case is remanded to the circuit court
for it to determine, after an independent inquiry, whether Harness was abandoned
by appointed counsel and to conduct further proceedings accordingly.
Factual Background On February 2, 2017, Harness was charged by felony information with one count of first-degree robbery in violation of § 570.023, RSMo. The information alleged that on or about January 17, 2017, Harness robbed a Metro PCS Wireless
store in Buchanan County, forcibly stealing money while displaying and
threatening to use what appeared to be a deadly weapon.
On March 13, 2017, Harness entered a plea of guilty in exchange for the
State’s agreement not to file any additional charges arising out of the incident. The
circuit court accepted Harness’ guilty plea and later sentenced her to twelve years’
imprisonment. Judgment was entered on April 26, 2017.
Harness filed a timely pro se motion for post-conviction relief pursuant to
Supreme Court Rule 24.035 in October 2017.
On December 27, 2017, the circuit court appointed counsel to represent
Harness. Appointed counsel entered her appearance on February 2, 2018. On the
same date, counsel filed a motion seeking a thirty-day extension of time to file an
amended motion for post-conviction relief. The circuit court granted the extension
motion, and ordered that “[m]ovant’s amended motion shall be filed within ninety
(90) days of the filing of the guilty plea and sentencing transcript.”
The required transcripts were filed with the court on July 19, 2018. As a
result, Harness’ amended motion was due on October 17, 2018.
Counsel filed Harness’ amended motion for post-conviction relief one day late, on October 18, 2018.
The amended motion alleged two claims of ineffective assistance of counsel at
Harness’ sentencing hearing. The motion alleged that counsel’s performance was
deficient for: (1) failing to cross-examine the State’s sole sentencing witness and
adduce evidence that Harness did not threaten anyone during the robbery; and
(2) failing to call Harness’s grandmother as a mitigation witness at sentencing.
The circuit court denied Harness’ amended motion for post-conviction relief
on the merits following an evidentiary hearing. The circuit court’s judgment does not mention the untimeliness of the amended motion; nor does the judgment make
2 a determination as to whether appointed counsel abandoned Harness by filing the
amended motion out-of-time.
Harness appeals.
Discussion Harness raises two Points on appeal. The first is dispositive. In her first
Point, Harness argues that the judgment must be vacated because the circuit court
failed to conduct an abandonment inquiry in light of post-conviction counsel’s
untimely filing of the amended motion. The State agrees that “[t]he motion court
clearly erred in failing to conduct an independent abandonment inquiry following
the untimely filing of the amended motion,” and that the judgment must
accordingly be vacated and the case remanded to the circuit court.
Under Rule 24.035(g), where no appeal is filed following a conviction by
guilty plea, “the amended motion . . . shall be filed within 60 days of the earlier of
the date both a complete transcript consisting of the guilty plea and sentencing
hearing has been filed in the trial court and . . . [c]ounsel is appointed” or non-
appointed counsel enters an appearance. Rule 24.035(g) provides that “[t]he court
may extend the time for filing the amended motion . . ., with no extension exceeding
30 days individually and the total of all extensions not to exceed 60 days.”
In this case, counsel was appointed on December 27, 2017, and the
transcripts of Harness’ guilty plea and sentencing hearings were filed on July 19,
2018. The circuit court granted Harness’ appointed counsel a thirty-day extension
of time within which to file an amended motion. Harness’ amended post-conviction
relief motion was accordingly due within ninety days of the filing of the transcripts,
or by October 17, 2018. The amended motion was instead filed one day late, on
October 18, 2018.
The Missouri Supreme Court has explained that
3 Rule 24.035(g) filing deadlines are mandatory. Both circuit and appellate courts “have a ‘duty to enforce the mandatory time limits . . . even if the state does not raise the issue.’” Accordingly, this Court will not consider the merits of a motion for post-conviction relief without first determining whether the motion was timely filed. When appointed counsel fails to file a timely amended motion, this Court will remand the case to the motion court to determine whether appointed counsel abandoned the post-conviction movant. Moore v. State, 458 S.W.3d 822, 825-26 (Mo. 2015). Bearden v. State, 530 S.W.3d 504, 506 (Mo. 2017) (other citations and footnote
omitted); see also Moore, 458 S.W.3d at 825 (“When an untimely amended motion is
filed [by appointed counsel], the motion court has a duty to undertake an
independent inquiry . . . to determine if abandonment occurred.”). “‘The untimely
filing of an amended motion by post-conviction counsel creates a presumption of
abandonment.’” Milner v. State, 551 S.W.3d 476, 479 (Mo. 2018) (quoting Watson v.
State, 536 S.W.3d 716, 719 (Mo. 2018)).
The abandonment inquiry asks whether responsibility for the untimely filing
of the amended motion rests with appointed counsel, or instead with the movant.
See Ross v. State, 527 S.W.3d 116, 120 (Mo. App. W.D. 2017) (“[T]he ‘abandonment’
inquiry requires the court to determine whether the failure to file a timely amended
motion is ‘the result of movant's action or inaction,’ or instead whether ‘movant is
free of responsibility for the failure to comply with the requirements of the rule.’” (citations omitted)).
The abandonment inquiry is necessary to determine whether the untimely
amended motion will be permitted to be filed and adjudicated, or instead whether
the circuit court should address only the claims raised in the movant’s original pro
se motion. See Latham v. State, 554 S.W.3d 397, 405 (Mo. 2018). “If postconviction
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IN THE MISSOURI COURT OF APPEALS WESTERN DISTRICT SHANIA A. HARNESS, ) Appellant, ) ) v. ) WD83510 ) STATE OF MISSOURI, ) FILED: November 3, 2020 Respondent. ) Appeal from the Circuit Court of Buchanan County The Honorable Patrick K. Robb, Judge Before Division Four: Cynthia L. Martin, C.J., and Alok Ahuja and Edward R. Ardini, JJ. Shania Harness pleaded guilty in the Circuit Court of Buchanan County to
one count of first-degree robbery and was sentenced to twelve years’ imprisonment.
Harness filed a motion for post-conviction relief under Supreme Court Rule 24.035.
Her appointed counsel filed an untimely amended motion. The circuit court denied
Harness’ amended motion on the merits after an evidentiary hearing, without
addressing the timeliness issue. Harness appeals. Because the circuit court failed
to address whether Harness had been abandoned by her post-conviction counsel’s
filing of an untimely amended motion, we vacate the circuit court’s decision without
reaching the merits of Harness’ appeal. The case is remanded to the circuit court
for it to determine, after an independent inquiry, whether Harness was abandoned
by appointed counsel and to conduct further proceedings accordingly.
Factual Background On February 2, 2017, Harness was charged by felony information with one count of first-degree robbery in violation of § 570.023, RSMo. The information alleged that on or about January 17, 2017, Harness robbed a Metro PCS Wireless
store in Buchanan County, forcibly stealing money while displaying and
threatening to use what appeared to be a deadly weapon.
On March 13, 2017, Harness entered a plea of guilty in exchange for the
State’s agreement not to file any additional charges arising out of the incident. The
circuit court accepted Harness’ guilty plea and later sentenced her to twelve years’
imprisonment. Judgment was entered on April 26, 2017.
Harness filed a timely pro se motion for post-conviction relief pursuant to
Supreme Court Rule 24.035 in October 2017.
On December 27, 2017, the circuit court appointed counsel to represent
Harness. Appointed counsel entered her appearance on February 2, 2018. On the
same date, counsel filed a motion seeking a thirty-day extension of time to file an
amended motion for post-conviction relief. The circuit court granted the extension
motion, and ordered that “[m]ovant’s amended motion shall be filed within ninety
(90) days of the filing of the guilty plea and sentencing transcript.”
The required transcripts were filed with the court on July 19, 2018. As a
result, Harness’ amended motion was due on October 17, 2018.
Counsel filed Harness’ amended motion for post-conviction relief one day late, on October 18, 2018.
The amended motion alleged two claims of ineffective assistance of counsel at
Harness’ sentencing hearing. The motion alleged that counsel’s performance was
deficient for: (1) failing to cross-examine the State’s sole sentencing witness and
adduce evidence that Harness did not threaten anyone during the robbery; and
(2) failing to call Harness’s grandmother as a mitigation witness at sentencing.
The circuit court denied Harness’ amended motion for post-conviction relief
on the merits following an evidentiary hearing. The circuit court’s judgment does not mention the untimeliness of the amended motion; nor does the judgment make
2 a determination as to whether appointed counsel abandoned Harness by filing the
amended motion out-of-time.
Harness appeals.
Discussion Harness raises two Points on appeal. The first is dispositive. In her first
Point, Harness argues that the judgment must be vacated because the circuit court
failed to conduct an abandonment inquiry in light of post-conviction counsel’s
untimely filing of the amended motion. The State agrees that “[t]he motion court
clearly erred in failing to conduct an independent abandonment inquiry following
the untimely filing of the amended motion,” and that the judgment must
accordingly be vacated and the case remanded to the circuit court.
Under Rule 24.035(g), where no appeal is filed following a conviction by
guilty plea, “the amended motion . . . shall be filed within 60 days of the earlier of
the date both a complete transcript consisting of the guilty plea and sentencing
hearing has been filed in the trial court and . . . [c]ounsel is appointed” or non-
appointed counsel enters an appearance. Rule 24.035(g) provides that “[t]he court
may extend the time for filing the amended motion . . ., with no extension exceeding
30 days individually and the total of all extensions not to exceed 60 days.”
In this case, counsel was appointed on December 27, 2017, and the
transcripts of Harness’ guilty plea and sentencing hearings were filed on July 19,
2018. The circuit court granted Harness’ appointed counsel a thirty-day extension
of time within which to file an amended motion. Harness’ amended post-conviction
relief motion was accordingly due within ninety days of the filing of the transcripts,
or by October 17, 2018. The amended motion was instead filed one day late, on
October 18, 2018.
The Missouri Supreme Court has explained that
3 Rule 24.035(g) filing deadlines are mandatory. Both circuit and appellate courts “have a ‘duty to enforce the mandatory time limits . . . even if the state does not raise the issue.’” Accordingly, this Court will not consider the merits of a motion for post-conviction relief without first determining whether the motion was timely filed. When appointed counsel fails to file a timely amended motion, this Court will remand the case to the motion court to determine whether appointed counsel abandoned the post-conviction movant. Moore v. State, 458 S.W.3d 822, 825-26 (Mo. 2015). Bearden v. State, 530 S.W.3d 504, 506 (Mo. 2017) (other citations and footnote
omitted); see also Moore, 458 S.W.3d at 825 (“When an untimely amended motion is
filed [by appointed counsel], the motion court has a duty to undertake an
independent inquiry . . . to determine if abandonment occurred.”). “‘The untimely
filing of an amended motion by post-conviction counsel creates a presumption of
abandonment.’” Milner v. State, 551 S.W.3d 476, 479 (Mo. 2018) (quoting Watson v.
State, 536 S.W.3d 716, 719 (Mo. 2018)).
The abandonment inquiry asks whether responsibility for the untimely filing
of the amended motion rests with appointed counsel, or instead with the movant.
See Ross v. State, 527 S.W.3d 116, 120 (Mo. App. W.D. 2017) (“[T]he ‘abandonment’
inquiry requires the court to determine whether the failure to file a timely amended
motion is ‘the result of movant's action or inaction,’ or instead whether ‘movant is
free of responsibility for the failure to comply with the requirements of the rule.’” (citations omitted)).
The abandonment inquiry is necessary to determine whether the untimely
amended motion will be permitted to be filed and adjudicated, or instead whether
the circuit court should address only the claims raised in the movant’s original pro
se motion. See Latham v. State, 554 S.W.3d 397, 405 (Mo. 2018). “If postconviction
counsel’s failure to timely file an amended motion or a statement in lieu of an
amended motion was the result of [the movant]’s action or inaction,” or in other words, due to movant’s “negligence or intentional failure to act,” then the movant
4 was not abandoned. Id. In that circumstance, the movant is entitled to no relief
from Rule 24.035(g)’s filing deadlines, and the circuit court “must proceed to
adjudicate only [the movant]’s pro se motion.” Id. On the other hand, “if the motion
court determines that the movant was abandoned by appointed counsel’s untimely
filing of an amended motion, the court is directed to [disregard the filing deadline,]
permit the untimely filing and adjudicate the amended motion.” Staten v. State,
540 S.W.3d 873, 875 (Mo. App. W.D. 2018) (citation and internal quotation marks
omitted); accord Latham, 554 S.W.3d at 405 (“if . . . postconviction [counsel] acted
on movant’s behalf but did so untimely under the postconviction rules, the motion
court should treat the late-filed amended motion . . . as timely”; citation omitted).
Given the untimely filing of Harness’ amended motion, the circuit court was
required to conduct an abandonment inquiry, to determine whether the court
should address the claims presented in Harness’ original or amended post-
conviction relief motions. Because the circuit court failed to decide the
abandonment question, “the motion court’s judgment must be reversed, and the
matter must be remanded for the motion court to conduct an independent inquiry
into whether appointed counsel abandoned [Harness].” Staten, 540 S.W.3d at 876.
Conclusion The judgment of the circuit court denying Harness’ amended motion for post-
conviction relief is reversed. The case is remanded to permit the circuit court to
conduct an independent inquiry into whether Harness was abandoned by appointed
counsel, and for further proceedings consistent with the outcome of that inquiry.
Alok Ahuja, Judge All concur.