Segura v. City of San Diego

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 HECTOR SEGURA, Case No.: 3:22-cv-01029-RBM-AHG

12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S 13 v. MOTION FOR LEAVE TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 14 CITY OF SAN DIEGO, et al.,

15 Defendants. [Doc. 2] 16

17 On July 14, 2022, Plaintiff Hector Segura (“Plaintiff”) filed a complaint against the 18 City of San Diego and Does 1 through 10 (“Defendants”). (Doc. 1.) Plaintiff did not pay 19 the required filing fee and instead filed a motion to proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP 20 Motion”). (Doc. 2.) For the reasons outlined below, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s IFP 21 Motion. 22 I. MOTION FOR LEAVE TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS 23 All parties instituting a civil action in a district court of the United States, except an 24 application for a writ of habeas corpus, must pay a filing fee of $402. See 28 U.S.C. 25 § 1914(a); CivLR 4.5(a). Under 28 U.S.C. § 1915, however, a litigant who because of 26 indigency is unable to pay the required fees or security to commence a legal action may 27 petition the court to proceed without making such payment. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1). “An 28 1 pay the court costs and still afford the necessities of life.” Escobedo v. Applebees, 787 F.3d 2 1226, 1234 (9th Cir. 2015). The facts of an affidavit of poverty must be stated “with some 3 particularity, definiteness and certainty.” Id. (quoting United States v. McQuade, 647 F.2d 4 938, 940 (9th Cir. 1981)). The determination of indigency falls within the district court’s 5 discretion. Cal. Men’s Colony v. Rowland, 939 F.2d 854, 858 (9th Cir. 1991), rev’d on 6 other grounds, 506 U.S. 194 (1993). 7 Here, Plaintiff states that he is unable to pay the costs of these proceedings. (Doc. 2 8 at 1.) Plaintiff is currently unemployed and receives income in the amount of $750 per 9 month from public assistance payments. (Id. at 2.) Plaintiff has $5 in a checking or savings 10 account. (Id.) The only asset Plaintiff owns is a 2000 Ford F-150 truck valued at $4,000. 11 (Id. at 3.) Plaintiff’s monthly expenses for rent, food, and laundry costs total $750. (Id. at 12 4–5.) After considering Plaintiff’s application, the Court determines that Plaintiff cannot 13 afford to pay the filing fee in this case and is eligible to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant 14 to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). 15 Accordingly, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s IFP Motion (Doc. 2). 16 II. SCREENING UNDER 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e) 17 A complaint filed by any person proceeding in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 18 § 1915(a) is subject to mandatory, sua sponte review and dismissal by the Court if the 19 action “(i) is frivolous or malicious; (ii) fails to state a claim on which relief may be 20 granted; or (iii) seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from such relief.” 21 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B); Calhoun v. Stahl, 254 F.3d 845, 845 (9th Cir. 2001) (per 22 curiam) (noting 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) is “not limited to prisoners”). 23 Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2), a pleading must contain “a short and 24 plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” FED. R. CIV. P. 25 8(a)(2). While a plaintiff need not give “detailed factual allegations,” a plaintiff must plead 26 sufficient facts that, if true, “raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Bell Atlantic 27 Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 545 (2007). To state a claim upon which relief may be 28 granted, “a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a 1 claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) 2 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). A claim is facially plausible when the factual 3 allegations permit “the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable 4 for the misconduct alleged.” Id. 5 “A document filed pro se is to be liberally construed, and a pro se complaint, 6 however inartfully pleaded, must be held to less stringent standards than formal pleadings 7 drafted by lawyers.” Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 (2007) (internal quotation marks 8 and emphases omitted) (quoting Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 106 (1976)). 9 Nevertheless, “[S]ection 1915(e) not only permits but requires a district court to dismiss 10 an [IFP] complaint that fails to state a claim.” Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127 (9th 11 Cir. 2000). 12 Here, Plaintiff alleges he was “cutting a tree” when a police officer with Defendant 13 City of San Diego approached and “jumped Plaintiff and put him in a choke hold.” (Doc. 14 1 ¶¶ 10–12.) Plaintiff alleges that an ambulance and paramedics arrived, told the police 15 officer to release Plaintiff because he “was having a mental breakdown,” but the police 16 officer continued to hold Plaintiff in a chokehold. (Id. ¶¶ 13–16.) Plaintiff brings claims 17 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for Defendants’ use of excessive force, failure to supervise, 18 and failure to train. (Id. ¶¶ 19–23.) Based on the Court’s review of Plaintiff’s Complaint, 19 the Court finds Plaintiff has sufficiently satisfied the minimal pleading standards above. 20 III. CONCLUSION 21 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: 22 1. Plaintiff’s IFP Motion is GRANTED. 23 2. The Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to issue a summons as to Plaintiff’s 24 complaint and forward it to Plaintiff along with a blank U.S. Marshals Form 285 for the 25 named Defendants. In addition, the Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to provide Plaintiff 26 with certified copies of this Order and the Complaint (Doc. 1). 27 3. Upon receipt of these materials, Plaintiff is DIRECTED to complete Form 28 285 and forward the materials to the United States Marshals Service. 1 4. Upon receipt, the United States Marshals Service is ORDERED to serve a 2 ||copy of the Complaint and summons upon the named Defendants as directed by Plaintiff 3 Form 285, The United States will advance all costs of service. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(d); 4 || FED. R. CrIv. P. 4(c)(3). 5 IT IS SO ORDERED. 6 || DATE: July 28, 2022 7 _ eb Barrick Wpateye □ HON. RUTH BERMUDEZ MONTENEGRO UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28