[Cite as Seaman v. Sloan, 2016-Ohio-5432.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LUCAS COUNTY
Ari M. Siegel Seaman Court of Appeals No. L-15-1150
Appellant Trial Court No. DM2002-5026
v.
Sara P. Sloan DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellee Decided: August 19, 2016
*****
Douglas K. Jordan, for appellant.
Jerome Phillips and Theodore B. Tucker, III for appellee.
PIETRYKOWSKI, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from the judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common
Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, overruling appellant’s, Ari Siegel, objections to the
magistrate’s decision, and finding appellant in contempt of court for failing to pay his
child support obligations. For the reasons that follow, we affirm. I. Facts and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} This matter concerns appellant’s alleged noncompliance with an October 23,
2012 order of the trial court entered by agreement of the parties. Pursuant to that order,
appellant agreed to pay to appellee, Sara Sloan, a total child support obligation of
$1,656.59 per month. Appellant also agreed to pay any extraordinary medical expenses
for their two children in proportion to his and appellee’s relative incomes. Finally,
appellant agreed to pay a $14,800 judgment, which was comprised of $10,000 for Bat
Mitzvah expenses, $2,800 for extraordinary medical expenses, and $2,000 for appellee’s
attorney fees. Notably, the trial court stated that the $14,800 judgment was in the nature
of child support. Further, the trial court stayed the execution of such judgment provided
that appellant pay $500 per month to appellee until the judgment was repaid.
{¶ 3} On March 27, 2013, appellee filed a motion for contempt, alleging that
appellant had failed to make his required payments. The matter was eventually scheduled
for a hearing on January 28, 2014. Shortly before the hearing, appellant moved to
dismiss the motion to show cause on account of his recent payment of child support in the
amount of $29,244.56, which made him current on his monthly child support obligations
through February 2014. The magistrate denied appellant’s motion to dismiss, and
ultimately rescheduled the hearing for August 6, 2014.
{¶ 4} Seven days before the hearing, on July 30, 2014, appellee filed a
supplemental motion for contempt. In her supplemental motion, appellee alleged that
appellant has continued to fail to pay his monthly child support, has failed to pay medical
2. expenses of $16,896.34 incurred since the March 27, 2013 motion for contempt, and has
failed to pay $559.16 in attorney fees that were awarded when appellant did not comply
with discovery requests pertaining to the motion for contempt.
{¶ 5} On the day of the hearing, appellant filed a motion in limine seeking to
prevent appellee from presenting evidence relative to the allegations in the supplemental
motion for contempt. Appellant argued that the only matters that should be before the
court are those that were raised in the initial motion for contempt. Furthermore, appellant
argued that appellee should be precluded from presenting evidence relative to the
$14,800 lump sum judgment, as the court lacks continuing jurisdiction to enforce that
judgment through contempt proceedings.
{¶ 6} At the beginning of the hearing, the court denied appellant’s motion in
limine. Testimony then was taken from appellant and appellee.
{¶ 7} Appellant testified that as to the monthly child support, he has never made
the scheduled $1,656.59 payment, but that he paid the current balance as of February
2014. Appellant has not paid any child support since then. As to the medical expenses,
appellant acknowledged that he has not made any payments since the October 23, 2012
order. Appellant asserted that he has not received any of the medical bills as required by
the Lucas County medical schedule, and thus he should not have to pay them. However,
appellant acknowledged that the children were on his insurance policy, and that he would
sometimes receive the statement from the insurance company of what it did and did not
pay. Appellant also testified that he entered into a contract with the orthodontist for his
3. daughter’s braces, but failed to pay the amount that was due. As to the lump sum
judgment, appellant conceded that he only made one of the scheduled $500 payments, but
argued that he does not think that he should be held in contempt for failing to pay the
judgment. Finally, appellant testified that he had a check in his car to pay the $559.16 in
attorney’s fees to appellee’s attorney.
{¶ 8} Appellee testified in regards to the child support that while appellant made
the $29,244.56 payment in January 2014, he has not made any payments since then, and
has a current child support arrearage of $11,593.37. As to the medical expenses, appellee
testified that she initially sent copies of the bills to appellant by certified mail, but
appellant would not accept them. Appellee then sent the bills to her attorney, who then
forwarded the bills to appellant’s attorney. An itemization of the bills, prepared by
appellee’s attorney, was entered into evidence. Appellee testified that the itemization
reflected appellant’s share of the responsibility for the medical expenses as determined by
the October 23, 2012 order. Appellee asserted that she has already paid all of the bills.
On cross-examination, appellee was challenged on whether she complied with the Lucas
County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division medical schedule, which
requires the residential parent to notify the non-residential parent of any necessary,
extraordinary, non-emergency medical treatment so as to allow the non-residential parent
ten days to schedule an independent evaluation.
{¶ 9} Following the hearing, on October 30, 2014, the magistrate entered her
decision finding appellant in contempt, and sentencing him to up to 30 days in jail with
4. the purge provision that appellant pay $750 a month for three months beginning
December 10, 2014. The magistrate further ordered the outstanding balance of $14,300
on the lump sum judgment, as well as the recent medical expenses of $16,896.24, to be
added to appellant’s child support arrears. Appellant was ordered to pay his monthly
child support as well as 30 percent of that monthly amount towards his arrears. Finally,
the magistrate ordered appellant to pay $7,612.16 for appellee’s attorney fees. The trial
court adopted the magistrate’s decision on the same day.
{¶ 10} Thereafter, appellant objected to the magistrate’s October 30, 2014
decision, with his supplemental objections being filed on December 29, 2014. Appellee
filed her memorandum in opposition to the objections on February 20, 2015. In a
judgment journalized on May 5, 2015, the trial court denied appellant’s objections.
II. Assignments of Error
{¶ 11} Appellant has timely appealed the trial court’s May 1, 2015 judgment, and
now raises five assignments of error for our review, which are similar to his objections to
the magistrate’s decision:
1. The trial court abused its discretion and committed reversible
error by dismissing Plaintiff’s Motion to Dismiss Defendant’s Motion to
Show Cause, and by not dismissing Defendant’s Motion to Show Cause
AKA Defendant’s Motion for Contempt.
2. The trial court abused its discretion and committed reversible
error by finding Plaintiff Siegel in contempt of court for nonpayment of a
5. lump-sum judgment; for changing the character of the lump-sum judgment
to child support; and for ordering it paid through the Lucas County Child
Support Enforcement Agency.
3. The trial court abused its discretion and committed reversible
error by dismissing Plaintiff Siegel’s Motion in Limine.
4. The trial court abused its discretion and committed reversible
error by finding Plaintiff in contempt of court for failing to pay medical
bills.
5. The trial court abused its discretion and committed reversible
error by ordering Plaintiff Siegel to pay Defendant Sloan’s attorney’s fees.
III. Analysis
{¶ 12} We review a trial court’s ruling on contempt proceedings for an abuse of
discretion. Beck v. Beck, 6th Dist. Fulton No. F-07-021, 2008-Ohio-4027, ¶ 19. An
abuse of discretion connotes that the trial court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or
unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140
(1984).
{¶ 13} For ease of discussion, we will address appellant’s assignments of error out
of order, beginning with his third assignment of error. In that assignment of error,
appellant argues that the trial court abused its discretion when it permitted appellee to
present evidence relative to her supplemental motion to show cause. Appellant contends
6. that the hearing should have been limited to only the issues raised in the initial motion for
contempt as of the date it was filed on March 27, 2013.
{¶ 14} In support, he initially argues that consideration of the supplemental motion
deprived him of his due process rights because it was heard within seven days of its filing
in contravention of Loc.R. 7.01(B) of the Court of Common Pleas of Lucas County,
Domestic Relations Division, which states, “Said motion shall not be set for hearing
within seven (7) days of the date filed, except with the prior approval of the assigned
Judge or Magistrate.” Moreover, to the extent that appellee received prior approval,
appellant argues that she did so ex parte. Alternatively, appellant compares the motion
for contempt to a complaint, and contends that the rules pertaining to filing a
supplemental complaint should apply. However, we note that appellant did not raise the
issues of timing or due process in his motion in limine, instead, raising it for the first time
in his objections to the magistrate’s decision. Thus, the issue was not before the
magistrate. See State ex rel. Durbin v. Indus. Comm., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 10AP-712,
2012-Ohio-664, ¶ 10 (“[I]ssues being raised for the first time on objections to the
magistrate’s decision without having first appeared in the complaint were not properly
before the court.”). Therefore, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
overruling appellant’s objection on the basis of due process to the magistrate’s denial of
his motion in limine.
{¶ 15} Appellant next argues that the trial court abused its discretion because the
supplemental motion did not contain any additional issues outside of those raised in the
7. March 27, 2013 motion for contempt.1 Indeed, both the original March 27, 2013 motion,
and the supplemental July 30, 2014 motion addressed the same subject matter, namely
appellant’s obligations under the October 23, 2012 order. Nevertheless, contrary to
appellant’s argument, that does not mean that the supplemental motion did not contain
new issues. Rather, the supplemental motion contained allegations of appellant’s
continued failure to make the required payments during the period between the two
motions. Therefore, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it
overruled appellant’s objection to the magistrate’s consideration of the issues raised in
the supplemental motion.
{¶ 16} Accordingly, appellant’s third assignment of error is not well-taken.
{¶ 17} In his fourth assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court
abused its discretion by finding him in contempt for failure to pay his children’s
extraordinary medical bills because appellee did not comply with the Lucas County Court
of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division medical schedule. Appellant asserts two
ways that appellee failed to comply with the medical schedule. First, she did not send
copies of the bills within 30 days of the billing. Second, she did not notify him of any
proposed extraordinary, non-emergency treatment so that he could obtain an independent
evaluation.
1 The supplemental motion did include an allegation that appellant failed to pay attorney’s fees awarded subsequent to the March 27, 2013 motion for contempt. However, those fees were paid on the day of the hearing and are not an issue in this appeal.
8. {¶ 18} As to the former, the magistrate found, based on appellee’s testimony, that
appellee initially sent several bills via certified mail to appellant, but that appellant
refused to accept them. Appellee testified that she then sought the advice of counsel, and
based on that advice, gave the medical bills to her attorney who forwarded them to
appellant’s attorney. The trial court, in overruling appellant’s objection, also noted that
the children’s insurance was through appellant’s plan, and thus appellant would receive
copies of the bills from the insurer. Finally, a large portion of the bills were for the
children’s braces, for which appellant entered into a contract with the orthodontist, yet
still failed to pay. Thus, we find no merit to appellant’s argument that he should not be
held in contempt for failing to pay the medical expenses because he was somehow
unaware of the bills.
{¶ 19} As to the latter argument, paragraph seven of the medical schedule
provides,
When it is determined that the child will require extraordinary, non-
emergency treatment, the residential parent shall notify the non-residential
parent in writing of the proposed course of treatment and the cost. The
non-residential parent may schedule an independent evaluation within ten
(10) days of the written notice. Failure to promptly notify the non-
residential parent of extraordinary treatment may result in the Court
allocating the medical expense to the residential parent.
9. {¶ 20} In this case, there is a dispute between the parties whether appellee notified
appellant in advance of shoulder surgery that was required for one of their children.
Appellant contends that he was not provided with notice, and concludes that he should
not be held in contempt for failing to pay the medical bills because appellee failed to
comply with the medical schedule. As support, appellant cites a five-part test to
determine whether to dismiss a complaint for a minor violation of a local rule, which
considers whether
(1) the mistake was made in good faith and not as part of a continuing
course of conduct for purposes of delay, (2) neither the opposing party nor
the court is prejudiced by the error, (3) dismissal is a sanction that is
disproportionate to the nature of the mistake, (4) the client will be unfairly
punished for the fault of his counsel, and (5) dismissal frustrates the
prevailing policy of deciding cases on the merits. McCollum v. Bolgrin,
2014-Ohio-1167, 10 N.E.3d 744, ¶ 20 (5th Dist.).
{¶ 21} However, we need not discuss or determine the applicability of the five-
part test because even if appellee failed to notify appellant in advance of the
extraordinary, non-emergency medical treatment, such failure “may result in the Court
allocating the medical expense to the residential parent.” (Emphasis added.) Loc.R.
13.07(D) of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division.
Here, the magistrate did not change the allocation of the medical expenses. Further,
given appellant’s history of not paying his children’s extraordinary medical expenses,
10. which the trial court noted, we hold that the court did not abuse its discretion in denying
appellant’s objection to the magistrate’s finding of contempt on this basis.
{¶ 22} Accordingly, appellant’s fourth assignment of error is not well-taken.
{¶ 23} Turning to appellant’s second assignment of error, appellant argues that the
trial court abused its discretion for finding him in contempt for his failure to pay the lump
sum judgment of $14,300. In support, appellant cites Sizemore v. Sizemore, 12th Dist.
Warren No. CA2009-04-045, 2010-Ohio-1525, ¶ 15, in which the Twelfth District
reasoned,
Maintaining the distinction between “judgments” and continuing
“orders” of the court is particularly important in light of the different
characteristics attributable to each remedy; while contempt is the proper
remedy to enforce continuing “orders” to pay child support arrearages,
child support arrearages that have been reduced to lump sum “judgments”
are properly enforced through execution and levying proceedings. Once
child support arrearages have been reduced to a lump sum judgment,
contempt has no place in enforcing the outstanding obligation.
The Twelfth District concluded that using contempt to imprison a party for failing to pay
a lump sum judgment would violate Article I, Section 15 of the Ohio Constitution, which
provides, “No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any civil action, on mesne or final
process, unless in cases of fraud.” Sizemore at ¶ 18.
11. {¶ 24} We agree with appellant that the magistrate should not have found
appellant in contempt for failing to pay the lump sum judgment, albeit for a slightly
different reason. We reject the Twelfth District’s conclusion in Sizemore to the extent
that it holds that child support obligations that have been reduced to a lump sum
judgment constitute a “debt.” Rather, we find instructive the Supreme Court of Ohio’s
reasoning in Cramer v. Petrie, 70 Ohio St.3d 131, 135-136, 637 N.E.2d 882 (1994), in
which it held that “an order to pay child support may be enforced by means of
imprisonment through contempt proceedings even after the child who is the subject of the
order is emancipated”:
We do not view an obligation to pay child support as such a debt.
An obligation to pay child support arises by operation of law and is a
personal duty owed to the former spouse, the child, and society in general.
It does not arise out of any business transaction or contractual agreement,
as does an ordinary debt. Thus, we have consistently held that support
obligations are not debts in the ordinary sense of that word.
{¶ 25} Relying on Cramer, we conclude that it is not the form of the obligation—
ongoing monthly payments or a lump sum—but instead the nature of the obligation as
child support that determines that it is not a debt. Because the lump sum judgment is in
the nature of child support, it does not violate Article I, Section 15 of the Ohio
Constitution to imprison appellant for his failure to pay. See Young v. Young, 70 Ohio
St.3d 679, 640 N.E.2d 839 (1994) (reversing the appellate court on the authority of
12. Cramer, and reinstating the trial court’s finding of contempt based on the failure to pay a
lump sum judgment and continuing support obligations, all of which were referred to as
“child support”); Collette v. Baxter, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25821, 2012-Ohio-1333, ¶ 11
(rejecting Sizemore’s reasoning and holding that the trial court could order imprisonment
for the failure to pay a lump sum judgment of attorney fees awarded in a contempt action
for failure to pay child support).
{¶ 26} However, although imprisonment for contempt for failure to pay the lump
sum judgment would not violate the constitution in this case, appellant should not have
been held in contempt for failure to pay the lump sum judgment in the first instance.
“The purpose of civil contempt proceedings is to secure the dignity of the courts and the
uninterrupted and unimpeded administration of justice. ‘* * * [T]he purpose of sanctions
in a case of civil contempt is to coerce the contemnor in order to obtain compliance with
the lawful orders of the court.’” Windham Bank v. Tomaszczyk, 27 Ohio St.2d 55, 58,
271 N.E.2d 815 (1971), quoting State v. United Steelworkers of Am., 172 Ohio St. 75, 83,
173 N.E.2d 331 (1961). Here, the October 23, 2012 entry did not order appellant to make
payments on the lump sum judgment, rather it stayed execution of the judgment on the
condition of appellant making payments. “It is this distinction between continuing orders
and final judgments that demonstrates the reason why courts cannot use contempt
proceedings to enforce lump-sum judgments.” Gibson v. Gibson, 5th Dist. Stark No.
2011-CA-00186, 2012-Ohio-1161, ¶ 30. “A true lump-sum judgment does not order an
obligor to do anything. It is well settled that a party cannot be found in contempt of court
13. premised upon a failure to obey an order of the court if the order is not clear, definite, and
unambiguous.” Id. Therefore, because the October 23, 2012 entry did not include a
continuing order to make the $500 monthly payments, appellant could not be held in
contempt for failing to make them.
{¶ 27} Nevertheless, alternative grounds for holding appellant in contempt exist.
As discussed in his third and fourth assignments of error, the magistrate properly
considered the issues raised in appellee’s supplemental motion for contempt, which
included appellant’s failure to make the ongoing monthly child support payments and his
failure to pay his portion of the extraordinary medical expenses as ordered in the October
23, 2012 judgment. Notably, the magistrate did not limit her finding of contempt to
appellant’s failure to pay the lump sum judgment. Therefore, we hold that the trial court
did not abuse its discretion in overruling appellant’s objection and finding him in
contempt.
{¶ 28} Accordingly, appellant’s second assignment of error is not well-taken.
{¶ 29} In his fifth assignment of error, appellant presents two arguments why the
trial court abused its discretion in awarding attorney fees. We find both to be without
merit.
{¶ 30} First, appellant contends that attorney fees are inappropriate under R.C.
3109.05(C), which provides,
If any person required to pay child support under an order made
under division (A) of this section on or after April 15, 1985, or modified on
14. or after December 1, 1986, is found in contempt of court for failure to make
support payments under the order, the court that makes the finding, in
addition to any other penalty or remedy imposed, shall assess all court costs
arising out of the contempt proceeding against the person and require the
person to pay any reasonable attorney’s fees of any adverse party, as
determined by the court, that arose in relation to the act of contempt.
Appellant asserts that the finding of contempt was erroneous, and therefore the court
should not have awarded attorney fees. However, as discussed in appellant’s second
assignment of error, we have come to the opposite conclusion, and have determined that
the trial court properly found appellant in contempt. Thus, ordering appellant to pay
attorney fees pursuant to R.C. 3109.05 was appropriate.
{¶ 31} Alternatively, appellant argues that the court abused its discretion in
awarding attorney fees because appellee is most responsible for prolonging the litigation.
In the context of R.C. 3109.05, this argument is tantamount to contending that the
attorney fees were unreasonable.2 We disagree with appellant’s characterization of the
2 Appellant raises this argument under R.C. 3105.73(B), which states,
In any post-decree motion or proceeding that arises out of an action for divorce, dissolution, legal separation, or annulment of marriage or an appeal of that motion or proceeding, the court may award all or part of reasonable attorney’s fees and litigation expenses to either party if the court finds the award equitable. In determining whether an award is equitable, the court may consider the parties’ income, the conduct of the parties, and any other relevant factors the court deems appropriate, but it may not consider the parties’ assets.
15. reason for the prolonged litigation and note his continued failure to meet his support
obligations, as well as his failure to timely comply with discovery requests. Moreover,
appellant stipulated to the reasonableness of appellee’s attorneys’ fees at the hearing.
Therefore, we hold that the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it overruled his
objection to the magistrate’s award of attorney fees based on the finding of contempt.
{¶ 32} Accordingly, appellant’s fifth assignment of error is not well-taken.
{¶ 33} Finally, in his first assignment of error, appellant initially argues that the
trial court erred in failing to dismiss appellee’s motion for contempt for failure to pay
support because the motion did not comply with Loc.R. 7.09(C) of the Lucas County
Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, which requires the inclusion of a
statement from the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services.
{¶ 34} As recognized by appellee, however, appellant did not move for dismissal
or argue against the motion for contempt on this ground. Furthermore, at the hearing,
appellant stipulated to the Lucas County Child Support Enforcement Agency arrearage
statement, and the amount of the unpaid support was never in dispute. Thus, we hold that
the trial court did not abuse its discretion in not dismissing the motion for contempt on
this basis.
{¶ 35} Appellant next argues that the trial court abused its discretion by finding
him in contempt when he had already paid the child support. Appellant makes this
argument in two separate instances. First, he contends that he should not have been held
in contempt after he paid his outstanding child support in January 2014. Second, he
16. contends that the trial court should not have overruled his objections to the magistrate’s
decision and found him in contempt when, in the time between the magistrate’s
October 30, 2014 decision, and the trial court’s May 1, 2015 judgment, he paid the
outstanding monthly child support, made the purge provision monthly payments of $750,
and made his scheduled child support payments, including the amount towards his
arrearages.
{¶ 36} Regarding the former instance, we find appellant’s argument to be without
merit because it does not consider appellee’s supplemental motion for contempt. Thus,
even though he ultimately complied with his monthly child support obligation through
February 2014, appellant made no further child support payments after the one-time
payment in January 2014. Furthermore, he acknowledged at the hearing on the motion
for contempt that he was then over $11,000 behind in child support payments. As
discussed in appellant’s second assignment of error, failure to meet his ongoing
obligation as raised in appellee’s supplemental motion was an appropriate basis for
finding appellant in contempt.
{¶ 37} As to the latter instance regarding the payments made between the
magistrate’s decision and the trial court’s ruling on appellant’s objections, we find that
the record does not contain any evidence of those payments. While we have no reason to
doubt appellant’s assertions as true, it is well-settled that “A reviewing court cannot add
matter to the record before it, which was not a part of the trial court’s proceedings, and
then decide the appeal on the basis of the new matter.” State v. Ishmail, 54 Ohio St.2d
17. 402, 377 N.E.2d 500 (1978), paragraph one of the syllabus. Therefore, we cannot hold
that the trial court abused its discretion in overruling appellant’s objections to the
magistrate’s decision and finding him in contempt.
{¶ 38} In support of his first assignment of error, appellant also raises and
incorporates the same arguments from his second, fourth, and fifth assignments of error.
For the reasons stated in our discussion of those assignments of error, we find appellant’s
arguments to be without merit.
{¶ 39} Accordingly, appellant’s first assignment of error is not well-taken.
IV. Conclusion
{¶ 40} For the foregoing reasons, we find that substantial justice has been done the
party complaining, and the judgment of the Lucas County Court of Common Pleas,
Domestic Relations Division is affirmed. Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this
appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
18. Seaman v. Sloan C.A. No. L-15-1150
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Stephen A. Yarbrough, J. _______________________________ James D. Jensen, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
19.