FILED NOT FOR PUBLICATION JUL 16 2020 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
SCOTTSDALE INSURANCE COMPANY, No. 19-55350 an Ohio corporation D.C. No. 2:18-cv-03625-PA-AFM Plaintiff-counter-defendant-Appellee,
v. MEMORANDUM*
PTB SALES, INC., a California corporation,
Defendant-counter-claimant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Percy Anderson, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted May 15, 2020** Pasadena, California
Before: EBEL,*** WARDLAW, and HUNSAKER, Circuit Judges.
In this insurance coverage dispute, appellant PTB Sales, Inc. (“PTB”)
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable David M. Ebel, United States Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, sitting by designation. challenges a summary judgment ruling in favor of appellee Scottsdale Insurance
Company (“Scottsdale”). PTB purchased a commercial general liability policy
(“Policy”) from Scottsdale in 2016. In 2017, Scottsdale funded PTB’s defense in
an underlying action between PTB and its competitor, Brooks Automation, Inc.
(“Brooks”). Scottsdale also contributed to the settlement of that action.
Scottsdale then brought this action against its insured, PTB, seeking
declaratory relief and reimbursement of the defense costs and settlement expenses
it had paid. PTB countersued, alleging various claims for breach of contract and
bad faith. Scottsdale moved for summary judgment on its claims and on PTB’s
counterclaims. PTB opposed Scottsdale’s motion but did not itself move for
summary judgment. The district court granted Scottsdale’s motion in its entirety
and entered judgment in favor of Scottsdale. PTB now appeals. Because the
parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recount them here. Exercising
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.
1. The district court correctly concluded that Scottsdale had no duty to
defend PTB in the Brooks action because the underlying allegations either were
not potentially covered under the Policy’s personal and advertising injury
coverage, or else fell within the Policy’s exclusions. Under California law, a duty
to defend arises when the underlying complaint “pleads[] facts giving rise to the
potential for coverage under the insuring agreement.” Street Surfing, LLC v. Great
2 Am. E & S Ins. Co., 776 F.3d 603, 607 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Waller v. Truck
Ins. Exch., Inc., 11 Cal. 4th 1, 19 (1995)). PTB has failed to show that the
underlying allegations implicated “the use of another’s advertising idea” or trade
dress infringement, the only “covered offenses” at issue. See Hyundai Motor Am.
v. Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, 600 F.3d 1092, 1098 (9th Cir. 2010).
Brooks alleged trademark infringement against PTB. It did not raise any facts
related to trade dress—i.e., the “total image” of the labels. See Moldex-Metric,
Inc. v. McKeon Prods., Inc., 891 F.3d 878, 881 (9th Cir. 2018). Nor did it raise
any claims related to any of Brooks’ advertising ideas.
Even if the Brooks allegations implicated the use of advertising ideas or
trade dress infringement, those offenses fall within the Policy’s prior publication,
known injury, and intellectual property exclusions. The prior publication
exclusion precludes coverage for any “‘[p]ersonal and advertising injury’ arising
out of oral or written publication, in any manner, of material whose first
publication took place before the beginning of the policy period.” The known
injury exclusion precludes coverage for “personal and advertising injury” that
“was, prior to the policy period, known to have occurred by any insured.” Both
exclusions squarely apply. The policy period began on September 26, 2016.
Brooks sent a demand letter regarding the infringing labels before then, on May 17,
2016. The record clearly shows that PTB used the offending labels prior to the
3 policy period, which began on September 26, 2016, such that the prior publication
exclusion applies. And the May 17, 2016 demand letter provided notice to PTB,
again prior to the policy period, that an injury had occurred, such that the known
injury exclusion applies.
The intellectual property exclusion also bars coverage. The intellectual
property exclusion eliminates coverage for “‘[p]ersonal and advertising injury’
arising out of the infringement of copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret or other
intellectual property rights.” This exclusion applies because it expressly bars
coverage for trademark infringement claims. And, as described above, Brooks’
allegations centered on trademark infringement.
Thus, the underlying allegations in the litigation between Brooks and PTB
were not potentially covered under the Policy, and therefore Scottsdale owed no
duty to defend PTB.
2. The district court did not err in concluding that Scottsdale properly
reserved its rights to recoup its defense costs and settlement expenses. An insurer
“properly reserve[s] its rights” to recoup its defense costs by advising its insured
that it would provide a defense under a reservation of certain rights, including
“[t]he right to seek reimbursement of defense fees paid toward defending causes of
action which raise no potential for coverage.” Scottsdale Ins. Co. v. MV Transp.,
36 Cal. 4th 643, 650–51 (2005). Even though Scottsdale initially informed PTB
4 that the Brooks Complaint “may include allegations of personal and advertising
injury,” Scottsdale also advised that it would only fund a defense subject to a
reservation of “the right to seek reimbursement . . . for funds paid towards the
defense of claims not covered under the policy.” It repeated that reservation of
rights in three subsequent communications with PTB.
Likewise, to recoup its settlement expenses, an insurer must make “a timely
and express reservation of rights.” Blue Ridge Ins. Co. v. Jacobsen, 25 Cal. 4th
489, 502 (2001). Here, after an unsuccessful attempt to settle during the parties’
first mediation, Scottsdale sent PTB a letter reserving “the right to seek
reimbursement for any judgment or settlement paid.” During the second round of
settlement negotiations, Scottsdale twice offered to “contribute $300,000 toward
settlement of this matter, subject to its reservation of rights,” in response to
Brooks’ $850,000 settlement demand. Brooks then reduced its demand to
$725,000 and Scottsdale increased its settlement offer to $350,000. A reasonable
party in PTB’s position would have understood Scottsdale’s reservation of the right
to seek reimbursement for “any settlement” to apply to its offer to contribute
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FILED NOT FOR PUBLICATION JUL 16 2020 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
SCOTTSDALE INSURANCE COMPANY, No. 19-55350 an Ohio corporation D.C. No. 2:18-cv-03625-PA-AFM Plaintiff-counter-defendant-Appellee,
v. MEMORANDUM*
PTB SALES, INC., a California corporation,
Defendant-counter-claimant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Percy Anderson, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted May 15, 2020** Pasadena, California
Before: EBEL,*** WARDLAW, and HUNSAKER, Circuit Judges.
In this insurance coverage dispute, appellant PTB Sales, Inc. (“PTB”)
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable David M. Ebel, United States Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, sitting by designation. challenges a summary judgment ruling in favor of appellee Scottsdale Insurance
Company (“Scottsdale”). PTB purchased a commercial general liability policy
(“Policy”) from Scottsdale in 2016. In 2017, Scottsdale funded PTB’s defense in
an underlying action between PTB and its competitor, Brooks Automation, Inc.
(“Brooks”). Scottsdale also contributed to the settlement of that action.
Scottsdale then brought this action against its insured, PTB, seeking
declaratory relief and reimbursement of the defense costs and settlement expenses
it had paid. PTB countersued, alleging various claims for breach of contract and
bad faith. Scottsdale moved for summary judgment on its claims and on PTB’s
counterclaims. PTB opposed Scottsdale’s motion but did not itself move for
summary judgment. The district court granted Scottsdale’s motion in its entirety
and entered judgment in favor of Scottsdale. PTB now appeals. Because the
parties are familiar with the facts, we do not recount them here. Exercising
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.
1. The district court correctly concluded that Scottsdale had no duty to
defend PTB in the Brooks action because the underlying allegations either were
not potentially covered under the Policy’s personal and advertising injury
coverage, or else fell within the Policy’s exclusions. Under California law, a duty
to defend arises when the underlying complaint “pleads[] facts giving rise to the
potential for coverage under the insuring agreement.” Street Surfing, LLC v. Great
2 Am. E & S Ins. Co., 776 F.3d 603, 607 (9th Cir. 2014) (quoting Waller v. Truck
Ins. Exch., Inc., 11 Cal. 4th 1, 19 (1995)). PTB has failed to show that the
underlying allegations implicated “the use of another’s advertising idea” or trade
dress infringement, the only “covered offenses” at issue. See Hyundai Motor Am.
v. Nat’l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, 600 F.3d 1092, 1098 (9th Cir. 2010).
Brooks alleged trademark infringement against PTB. It did not raise any facts
related to trade dress—i.e., the “total image” of the labels. See Moldex-Metric,
Inc. v. McKeon Prods., Inc., 891 F.3d 878, 881 (9th Cir. 2018). Nor did it raise
any claims related to any of Brooks’ advertising ideas.
Even if the Brooks allegations implicated the use of advertising ideas or
trade dress infringement, those offenses fall within the Policy’s prior publication,
known injury, and intellectual property exclusions. The prior publication
exclusion precludes coverage for any “‘[p]ersonal and advertising injury’ arising
out of oral or written publication, in any manner, of material whose first
publication took place before the beginning of the policy period.” The known
injury exclusion precludes coverage for “personal and advertising injury” that
“was, prior to the policy period, known to have occurred by any insured.” Both
exclusions squarely apply. The policy period began on September 26, 2016.
Brooks sent a demand letter regarding the infringing labels before then, on May 17,
2016. The record clearly shows that PTB used the offending labels prior to the
3 policy period, which began on September 26, 2016, such that the prior publication
exclusion applies. And the May 17, 2016 demand letter provided notice to PTB,
again prior to the policy period, that an injury had occurred, such that the known
injury exclusion applies.
The intellectual property exclusion also bars coverage. The intellectual
property exclusion eliminates coverage for “‘[p]ersonal and advertising injury’
arising out of the infringement of copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret or other
intellectual property rights.” This exclusion applies because it expressly bars
coverage for trademark infringement claims. And, as described above, Brooks’
allegations centered on trademark infringement.
Thus, the underlying allegations in the litigation between Brooks and PTB
were not potentially covered under the Policy, and therefore Scottsdale owed no
duty to defend PTB.
2. The district court did not err in concluding that Scottsdale properly
reserved its rights to recoup its defense costs and settlement expenses. An insurer
“properly reserve[s] its rights” to recoup its defense costs by advising its insured
that it would provide a defense under a reservation of certain rights, including
“[t]he right to seek reimbursement of defense fees paid toward defending causes of
action which raise no potential for coverage.” Scottsdale Ins. Co. v. MV Transp.,
36 Cal. 4th 643, 650–51 (2005). Even though Scottsdale initially informed PTB
4 that the Brooks Complaint “may include allegations of personal and advertising
injury,” Scottsdale also advised that it would only fund a defense subject to a
reservation of “the right to seek reimbursement . . . for funds paid towards the
defense of claims not covered under the policy.” It repeated that reservation of
rights in three subsequent communications with PTB.
Likewise, to recoup its settlement expenses, an insurer must make “a timely
and express reservation of rights.” Blue Ridge Ins. Co. v. Jacobsen, 25 Cal. 4th
489, 502 (2001). Here, after an unsuccessful attempt to settle during the parties’
first mediation, Scottsdale sent PTB a letter reserving “the right to seek
reimbursement for any judgment or settlement paid.” During the second round of
settlement negotiations, Scottsdale twice offered to “contribute $300,000 toward
settlement of this matter, subject to its reservation of rights,” in response to
Brooks’ $850,000 settlement demand. Brooks then reduced its demand to
$725,000 and Scottsdale increased its settlement offer to $350,000. A reasonable
party in PTB’s position would have understood Scottsdale’s reservation of the right
to seek reimbursement for “any settlement” to apply to its offer to contribute
$350,000, as both were made during the second attempt at settlement negotiations.
Cf. State Nat’l Ins. Co. v. Khatri, 2013 WL 5183193, at *6 (N.D. Cal. Sept. 13,
2013) (explaining that, where parties made “two distinct attempts to settle” a
lawsuit, the reservation of rights made in connection with the earlier repudiated
5 settlement offer did not apply to an offer made in the second round of settlement
negotiations).
3. The district court correctly concluded that Scottsdale did not breach a
duty to fund independent counsel for PTB under California Civil Code § 2860.
Under Section 2860, an insurer must provide independent counsel to the insured
“[i]f the provisions of a policy of insurance impose a duty to defend upon an
insurer and a conflict of interest arises.” The district court properly concluded that
this claim failed as a matter of law because Scottsdale owed no duty to defend.
Moreover, we note that there was no conflict of interest, which arises “when an
insurer reserves its rights on a given issue and the outcome of that coverage issue
can be controlled by counsel first retained by the insurer for the defense of the
claim.” Cal. Civ. Code § 2860(b). Coverage depended simply on a comparison of
the allegations in the Brooks Complaint against the terms of the Policy. In this
case, that is a solely legal issue, and the provisions of the Brooks Complaint and
the Policy are fixed and not susceptible to manipulation by appointed counsel.
4. Finally, the district court did not err in granting summary judgment in
Scottsdale’s favor on PTB’s counterclaim for bad faith interference with the
prosecution of PTB’s counterclaims against Brooks. The record shows that PTB
voluntarily settled its counterclaims against Brooks in exchange for $250,000. The
record further shows that PTB entered into the settlement agreement with notice
6 that Scottsdale had reserved its rights to recoup any settlement expenses, yet PTB
asked Scottsdale to fund the settlement, which it did. There is simply no evidence
that Scottsdale interfered with PTB’s successful and self-initiated effort to settle its
claims against Brooks for $250,000. The district court therefore properly granted
Scottsdale’s motion for summary judgment on PTB’s counterclaims against
Scottsdale.
AFFIRMED.