Schuler v. State

771 P.2d 1217, 1989 Wyo. LEXIS 97, 1989 WL 31885
Wyoming Supreme Court·Decided April 5, 1989·No. 87-135·Published·Cited by 11 cases

Opinions

THOMAS, Justice.

The primary question to be addressed in this case is whether a claim that a convict’s sentence is illegal can be raised in a proceeding initiated pursuant to §§ 7-14-101 to -108, W.S.1977.1 There are collateral issues raised which assume jurisdiction in the district court. These need not be addressed. The appellant also presents a [1218] question of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel for failure to present the issue of whether his sentence should be adjusted in accordance with an amendment to the sentencing statutes that became effective following the entry of the judgment and sentence in his case but prior to the disposition of his appeal. That contention was not presented to the district court. We conclude that the claim presented under the guise of a petition for post-conviction relief in the district court could not be addressed as such, and we affirm the order of the district court dismissing the petition for post-conviction relief.

Schuler presented a pro se brief in this case in which he states the issue to be:

“Under 6-l-101(c), Wyoming Statutes 1983, defendant’s case was ‘pending’ and, as such, defendant’s habitual criminal sentence should be dismissed.”

A Brief of Appellant also was filed by the State Public Defender’s Office which presents the following four issues:

“1. Whether appellant’s right to due process under the United States and Wyoming Constitutions was violated by appellate court’s failure to apply the savings clause of a state statute that became effective during the pendency of appellant’s appeal and whether the appellate court disregarded constitutional separation of powers when it failed to apply the savings clause.
“2. Whether it is unconstitutional to sentence appellant to a life term for a non-violent crime.
“3. Whether failure by appellant’s counsel to brief the appellate court as to the change in the statute violated appellant’s right to effective assistance of counsel guaranteed by the United States and Wyoming Constitutions.
“4. Whether appellant was denied" due process by the failure of the district court to appoint an attorney to represent him in post-conviction relief.”

In its Brief of Appellee, the State of Wyoming sets forth six issues to be considered:

“I. Whether the issues raised by the appellant pro se and through counsel are cognizable in a post-conviction action?
“II. Whether the appellant’s case is a case described in W.S. 6-l-101(c) as ‘a case pending on or after the effective date of this act * * *.’?
“III. Whether the appellant’s case is a case described in W.S. 6-l-101(c) as one in which ‘the penalty under this act for the crime is different from the penalty under prior law * * V?
“IV. Whether the appellant’s sentence as a habitual criminal violates the Eighth Amendment?
“V. Whether the appellant received ineffective assistance of counsel on his direct appeal from conviction where counsel did not raise the issue of the change in statute?
“VI. Whether the appellant was denied due process when the district court declined to appoint counsel in this post-conviction action?”

Schuler’s conviction of burglary, which resulted in a sentence to life under the provisions of § 6-1-110, W.S.1977,2 was reviewed on direct appeal by this court in 1983. Schuler v. State, 668 P.2d 1333 (Wyo.1983). The briefs in that appeal were filed prior to the effective date of the amendment to the statute upon which Schuler here relies, and, consequently, the question of whether he should have been sentenced pursuant to the amendment to the statute rather than the statute in effect at the time of his sentencing was not raised. Under the statute in effect at the time of the judgment and sentence, the life sentence was mandatory upon the finding of the jury at his trial that Schuler had committed three prior felonies.

This case was commenced on January 16, 1987, when Schuler filed a document entitled “POST-CONVICTION PETITION TO [1219] VACATE JUDGMENT AND SENTENCE, PURSUANT TO 7-14-101, ET SEQ, Wyoming Statutes 1977.” The petition is on a prepared form that includes a way for a petitioner to indicate whether he requests the assistance of appointed counsel. Schu-ler did check a box preceding the statement “I do request that counsel be appointed to represent me in this proceeding, pursuant to 7-14-104, Wyoming Statutes as amended.” The effect of checking the box is to manifest an affirmative request.

Schuler filed a memorandum with his petition in which he urged that the amendments to the habitual criminal sentencing statutes, which became effective while his case was on appeal to this court, mandate a conclusion that he was sentenced illegally. His point was that, although the statute in effect at the time of the entry of his judgment and sentence required the imposition of a life sentence, once he was found to be a habitual criminal on the basis of the commission of three prior felonies, the amended statutes do not justify that result. Instead, the new statutes permit one to be found a habitual criminal, with the imposition of a life sentence, only if he has been found to have committed a violent felony coupled with three prior felony convictions. Section 6-10-201, W.S.1977 (June 1983 Repl.). In support of this contention, Schu-ler argued that he was entitled to the benefit of sentencing under the amended statutes because of the provisions of § 6-1-101, W.S.1977 (June 1983 Repl.), particularly subsection (c) thereof.3 Schuler argued in his memorandum that not only did this statute manifest a legislative intent that the amended provision would apply if that would result in the imposition of a lesser sentence but, also, that any ambiguity in the application of the statutes must be resolved in his favor pursuant to the rule of lenity.

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Schuler v. State, 771 P.2d 1217, 1989 Wyo. LEXIS 97, 1989 WL 31885 (Wyo. 1989).

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