POFFENBARGER, JUDGE:
Propriety of the forum resorted to for the relief obtained and admissibility of the evidence upon which award thereof is predicated are the principle matters involved in this appeal. In resistance of the claim of equity jurisdiction, the appellant urges adequacy of the legal remedy. In view of the interests and relations of witnesses upon whose unsupported testimony the decree rests in large measure, he denies their competency and the admissibility of their evidence.
Plaintiff is the administrator of the estate of Charles Duff, deceased, and the defendants are a daughter of said Duff and the surviving husband and administrator of another daughter, [544] in his own right and as administrator. The objects of the suit are adjudication of right in the plaintiff, as administrator, to a fund of $450.00, deposited in the Kanawha National Bank of Charleston, W. Va., to the credit of the two daughters, before the death of the one last mentioned, on the theory that it is a part of the estate of his intestate, and to $401.00 of other money of the estate and the value of certain goods and chattels of said estate, alleged to have passed into the hands of the deceased daughter before her demise. The living daughter is Nancy Whetherholt and the deceased one was Margaret E. Duff, until she married Wm. F. Ray, February 5, 1918, over two years after the death of her father, which occurred in November, 1915.
Ray filed his joint and separate demurrer and answer to the bill, in his individual and representative capacities, but adduced no evidence. Nancy Whetherholt, favoring recovery by the plaintiff and disclaiming title to the deposit in bank, in favor of her father’s estate, allowed the bill to be taken for confessed as to her, and she and her husband testified as witnesses for the plaintiff.
For many years before his death and at the time thereof, Charles Duff kept $460.00 in gold, 23 twenty dollar gold coins, buried in a flower-pit on his premises, and, at some time prior to his death, advised Mrs. Whetherholt of its location. After his death her husband and Margaret E. Duff unearthed it, and the former deposited $450.00 of it, as aforesaid, and expended .the remaining $10.00 for grass-seed purchased for the latter and sowed on the farml This was done upon the assumption that the two daughters were entitled to it. From November, 1915, until April, 1916, this money remained where its owner had placed it. Disturbance thereof was an incident of removal of the then unmarried daughter to the home of her sister.
Besides this money, the intestate had $280.00 concealed in his house in an old piece of carpet and $121.00 in a pocket of his clothes. On his death the unmarried daughter took possession of it. She loaned $250.00'of it to one Edward Clifford, who repaid to her $100.00, which was deposited to her credit with the Elk Banking Company. Sam Duff assumed payment [545] of the remaining $150.00 of this loan, and later paid it, with $9.00 interest, to the defendant, Wm. F. Ray, administrator. Mrs. Whetherholt and her husband both testified that the unmarried daughter took charge of all the money found in the house, and the former swore positively to the amount of it, saying she had counted it. The goods and chattels consisted of household goods, two mowing machines, a wheat drill and other articles of small value.
After the marriage of Margaret E. Duff, February 5, 1918, she seems to have resided with her husband in a home he owned, and some of the goods and chattels seem to have been taken to that place. She died in August, 1918, in the Hospital for the Insane at Spencer, W. Pa.
The decree awards the $450.00 fund deposited in the savings department of the Kanawha National Bank, at interest, to the plaintiff, and requires the defendant Ray to join Nancy Whetherholt in the execution of a check therefor, payable to him, and requires Ray to pay to him $320.57, made up of the $250.00 loaned and the interest thereon, a debt of $20.00 due from Sam Duff and collected by Margaret Duff, and $32.57 on account of the tangible property. For some reason, the decree does not include the $121.00, and the appellee cross-assigns error upon denial thereof. He also charges omission of the Sam Duff debt of $20.00, but it is specifically included in the decree.
As to the sum of money on deposit in the bank, the jurisdiction in equity is clear. Yost v. Wills, 86 W. Va. 71, 103 S. E. 728. Redemonstration of it here by argument is unnecessary. That fund is part of the estate demanded and equity jurisdiction as to it carries jurisdiction as to the residue thereof. All parts of it depend upon the same issue and substantially the same evidence. Avoidance of multiplicity of suits is a well recognized head of equity jurisdiction and it clearly applies.
If Mrs. Whetherholt is incompetent to testify to the matters above detailed or any of them, on the ground of interest and their character as personal transactions or communication with a deceased person, her husband is also. Freeman v. Free[546] man, 71 W. Va. 303; Kilgore’s Adm’r. v. Hanley, 27 W. Va. 451. Part of the amount could no doubt be sustained without their evidence. This is particularly true of the Sam Duff $20.00 debt. It is unnecessary, however, to enter upon any inquiry as to the extent to which the decree is so sustained.
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POFFENBARGER, JUDGE:
Propriety of the forum resorted to for the relief obtained and admissibility of the evidence upon which award thereof is predicated are the principle matters involved in this appeal. In resistance of the claim of equity jurisdiction, the appellant urges adequacy of the legal remedy. In view of the interests and relations of witnesses upon whose unsupported testimony the decree rests in large measure, he denies their competency and the admissibility of their evidence.
Plaintiff is the administrator of the estate of Charles Duff, deceased, and the defendants are a daughter of said Duff and the surviving husband and administrator of another daughter, [544] in his own right and as administrator. The objects of the suit are adjudication of right in the plaintiff, as administrator, to a fund of $450.00, deposited in the Kanawha National Bank of Charleston, W. Va., to the credit of the two daughters, before the death of the one last mentioned, on the theory that it is a part of the estate of his intestate, and to $401.00 of other money of the estate and the value of certain goods and chattels of said estate, alleged to have passed into the hands of the deceased daughter before her demise. The living daughter is Nancy Whetherholt and the deceased one was Margaret E. Duff, until she married Wm. F. Ray, February 5, 1918, over two years after the death of her father, which occurred in November, 1915.
Ray filed his joint and separate demurrer and answer to the bill, in his individual and representative capacities, but adduced no evidence. Nancy Whetherholt, favoring recovery by the plaintiff and disclaiming title to the deposit in bank, in favor of her father’s estate, allowed the bill to be taken for confessed as to her, and she and her husband testified as witnesses for the plaintiff.
For many years before his death and at the time thereof, Charles Duff kept $460.00 in gold, 23 twenty dollar gold coins, buried in a flower-pit on his premises, and, at some time prior to his death, advised Mrs. Whetherholt of its location. After his death her husband and Margaret E. Duff unearthed it, and the former deposited $450.00 of it, as aforesaid, and expended .the remaining $10.00 for grass-seed purchased for the latter and sowed on the farml This was done upon the assumption that the two daughters were entitled to it. From November, 1915, until April, 1916, this money remained where its owner had placed it. Disturbance thereof was an incident of removal of the then unmarried daughter to the home of her sister.
Besides this money, the intestate had $280.00 concealed in his house in an old piece of carpet and $121.00 in a pocket of his clothes. On his death the unmarried daughter took possession of it. She loaned $250.00'of it to one Edward Clifford, who repaid to her $100.00, which was deposited to her credit with the Elk Banking Company. Sam Duff assumed payment [545] of the remaining $150.00 of this loan, and later paid it, with $9.00 interest, to the defendant, Wm. F. Ray, administrator. Mrs. Whetherholt and her husband both testified that the unmarried daughter took charge of all the money found in the house, and the former swore positively to the amount of it, saying she had counted it. The goods and chattels consisted of household goods, two mowing machines, a wheat drill and other articles of small value.
After the marriage of Margaret E. Duff, February 5, 1918, she seems to have resided with her husband in a home he owned, and some of the goods and chattels seem to have been taken to that place. She died in August, 1918, in the Hospital for the Insane at Spencer, W. Pa.
The decree awards the $450.00 fund deposited in the savings department of the Kanawha National Bank, at interest, to the plaintiff, and requires the defendant Ray to join Nancy Whetherholt in the execution of a check therefor, payable to him, and requires Ray to pay to him $320.57, made up of the $250.00 loaned and the interest thereon, a debt of $20.00 due from Sam Duff and collected by Margaret Duff, and $32.57 on account of the tangible property. For some reason, the decree does not include the $121.00, and the appellee cross-assigns error upon denial thereof. He also charges omission of the Sam Duff debt of $20.00, but it is specifically included in the decree.
As to the sum of money on deposit in the bank, the jurisdiction in equity is clear. Yost v. Wills, 86 W. Va. 71, 103 S. E. 728. Redemonstration of it here by argument is unnecessary. That fund is part of the estate demanded and equity jurisdiction as to it carries jurisdiction as to the residue thereof. All parts of it depend upon the same issue and substantially the same evidence. Avoidance of multiplicity of suits is a well recognized head of equity jurisdiction and it clearly applies.
If Mrs. Whetherholt is incompetent to testify to the matters above detailed or any of them, on the ground of interest and their character as personal transactions or communication with a deceased person, her husband is also. Freeman v. Free[546] man, 71 W. Va. 303; Kilgore’s Adm’r. v. Hanley, 27 W. Va. 451. Part of the amount could no doubt be sustained without their evidence. This is particularly true of the Sam Duff $20.00 debt. It is unnecessary, however, to enter upon any inquiry as to the extent to which the decree is so sustained.
The Whetherholts are not incompetent to testify to any of the matters material to the issue raised. Margaret E. Duff, in assuming control of her father’s estate, was acting in a fiduciary capacity, although not appointed to the trust of admin-istratrix. She was an executrix de son tort and, in general, became liable for her acts in respect of the estate, as if she had qualified as administratrix of the estate, under a valid appointment. Caperton v. Ballard, 4 W. Va. 420; Hansford v. Elliott, 9 Leigh 79; Campbell v. Alsop, 116 Va. 39. It is obvious that neither she nor her administrator can occupy a higher or better position than if she had been a duly qualified admin-istratrix. Transactions and communications between an interested witness and a deceased executor or administrator or other person acting in a representative capacity are not within the exception to the statute removing the common law disability of interest on the part of witnesses, sec. 23, ch. 130, Code, because they are not within the terms of the exception. Interested witnesses are prohibited by the exception from testifying to such transactions'and communications, “against the executor, administrator, heir at law, next of kin, assignee, legatee, devisee or survivor of such person.” An administrator de bonis non is not the administrator of his predecessor in the trust, as regards the trust ’estate. He is the administrator of the intestate of the first administrator, as to the unad-ministered portion of the estate. Hence, as to that estate, he is not the administrator of the person with whom the transaction or communication was had, if that person was his predecessor in the administration. Such transactions and communications are almost universally held not to be within the exception when worded as ours is or expressed in equivalent terms. Wassell v. Armstrong, 35 Ark. 247; Dunne v. Deery, 40 Ia. 251; St. John v. Lofland, 5 N. Dak. 140; Palmasteer v. Tilton, 40 N. J. Eq. 555; Davis v. Beall, 24 Tex. Civ. App. 183, 12 Ency., Evidence, 869.
[547] Since Margaret E. Duff, in taking charge of her father’s personal estate, cannot be accorded the status of an adminis-tratrix in all respects, it may not he legally possible to treat the defendant Ray as administrator de bonis non of Charles Duff’s estate, but that is immaterial. Margaret E. Duff, his intestate, was liable as administratrix, though not entitled to .all of the rights of an administratrix, and her transactions and communications with the witnesses here involved, related to her father’s estate and were transactions and communications with it, witnessed by them rather than had with them. In so far as they acted in reference to the estate, the witnesses were her agents. These considerations make it manifest that the transactions and communications, if ány, in question here, cannot stand upon any higher ground than if they had transpired between the witnesses and a duly appointed administrator.
No ground is perceived upon which the $121.00 item could properly be excluded or omitted by the decree. Its existence as a part of the estate and Margaret E. Duff’s possession thereof are as fully and clearly proved as any other facts in the cause. To make the defendant liable, it is not necessary to prove that it went into his hands. Her liability for it manifestly fixes his as her administrator.
For the reasons stated, our conclusion is to increase the amount of the decree by the sum of $121.00, and, as so modified, to affirm it.
Modified and affirmed.