Saracena v. United States

508 F.2d 1333, 206 Ct. Cl. 90, 35 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 571, 1975 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 191
CourtUnited States Court of Claims
DecidedJanuary 22, 1975
DocketNo. 216-74
StatusPublished
Cited by22 cases

This text of 508 F.2d 1333 (Saracena v. United States) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Court of Claims primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Saracena v. United States, 508 F.2d 1333, 206 Ct. Cl. 90, 35 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 571, 1975 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 191 (cc 1975).

Opinion

Cowen, Ohief Judge,

delivered tbe opinion of tbe court: In 1962, plaintiffs found more than two million dollars in United States currency which they turned over to the Govern[92]*92ment. After tbe Internal Revenue Service bad applied all the money to the recovery of income taxes, penalties, and fines due by the individual to whom the funds belonged, the District Director of the IRS paid each plaintiff a reward. They brought this action to recover additional amounts as rewards, claiming that the amounts paid were inadequate and that the determination of the amount of the reward was not made in compliance with 26 U.S.C. § 7623 and Treasury Regulation 26 C.F.R. 301.7623-1. The case is before the court on defendant’s motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action upon which relief can be granted. After considering the briefs of the parties and the facts admitted by defendant’s motion, we conclude that the amount of the reward was determined pursuant to a statute and regulation which vest broad discretion in the District Director of the Internal Revenue Service, and that plaintiffs have failed to show that his determination was an abuse of the discretion reposed in him. Therefore, we grant defendant’s motion to dismiss.

The plaintiffs are seven workmen who were employed during the summer of 1962 to remove old doors and install new ones in several garage buildings in Jersey City, New Jersey.1 In the course of their work on July 3, 1962, they found $2,-438,110 in United States currency in the trunk of an old car in one of the garages. Upon finding the money, plaintiffs notified the Federal Bureau of Investigation, whereupon FBI agents took possession of the currency and turned it over to the United States Marshal for the District of New Jersey. Shortly after the money was found, it was discovered that it probably belonged to one Joseph Y. Moriarty. On July 5, 1962, the Internal Revenue Service effected a jeopardy assessment for delinquent income taxes and interest due from Mr. Moriarty in an amount which exceeded the currency found by plaintiffs. Thereafter, the Internal Revenue Service caused a lien to be filed in Hudson County, New Jersey, and a notice of levy to be served upon the U.S. Marshal who, on July 16, 1962, paid the $2,438,110 into the Treasury of the United States.

[93]*93On September 19, 1962, when Mr. Moriarty filed a tax return for 1961, be reported the $2,438,110 as “other income” and requested that any moneys refundable to him be used to reduce his bach taxes. The entire sum, which the workmen turned over to the FBI, has been applied to income taxes, penalties, fines, and forfeitures owed by Mr. Moriarty.

Beginning in 1962, several law suits were filed by parties claiming an interest in the $2,438,110. The United States District Court for the District of New Jersey held that Hudson County, New Jersey, was entitled to the money. On February 25, 1969, the seven plaintiffs filed an application and a public voucher for a reward based on their having turned over the currency to Federal authorities and the fact that all of it was applied to the recovery of taxes, penalties, fines, and forfeitures owed by Mr. Moriarty. The application was not acted upon by the District Director of Internal Revenue pending a review of the District Court’s decision by the Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. On January 25, 1972, the Court of Appeals reversed the judgment of the District Court, dismissed the complaint of Hudson County, and held that the United States was the owner of the money. See Stapleton v. Two Million Four Hundred Thirty-Eight Thousand, One Hundred and Ten Dollars, 454 F. 2d 1210 (3rd Cir.), cert denied, 409 U.S. 894 (1972).

On May 9, 1974, after it was firmly established that the United States would be able to retain the money and apply it to the taxes due by Mr. Moriarty, the District Director of the Internal Revenue Service awarded each of the plaintiffs or their heirs $4,590. The total amount of the reward was $32,131, which was approximately 1.32 percent of the amount recovered by the United States in taxes and other assessments against Mr. Moriarty.

Plaintiffs’ claims are based on 26 U.S.C. § 7623 and the implementing regulation, 26 C.F.R. § 301.7623-1, which provide:

§ 7623. EXPENSES OF DETECTION AND PUNISHMENT OF FRAUDS
The Secretary or his delegate, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary or his delegate, is authorized to pay such sums, not exceeding in the aggregate the [94]*94sum appropriated therefor, as he may deem necessary for detecting and bringing to trial and punishment persons guilty of violating the internal revenue laws, or conniving at the same, in cases where such expenses are not otherwise provided for by law.
§ 301.7623-1 Rewards for information relating to violations of internal revenue laws.
(a) In general. A district director may approve such reward as he deems suitable for information that leads to the detection and punishment of any person guilty of violating any internal revenue law, or conniving at the same. The rewards provided for by section 7623 are limited in their aggregate to the sum appropriated therefor and shall be paid only in cases not otherwise provided for by law.
* * * *
(c) Amount cmd payment of reward. All relevant factors, including the value of the information furnished in relation to the facts developed by the investigation of the violation, shall be taken into account by a district director in determining whether a reward shall be paid, and, if so, the amount thereof. The amount of a reward shall represent what the district director deems to be adequate compensation in the particular case, normally not to exceed 10 percent of the additional taxes, penalties, and fines which are recovered as a result of the information. No reward, however, shall be paid with respect to any additional interest that may be collected. Payment of a reward will be made as promptly as the circumstances of the case permit, but generally not until the taxes, penalties, or fines involved have been collected. However, the informant may waive any claim for reward with respect to an uncollected portion of the taxes, penalties, or fines involved, in which case the claim may be immediately processed. No person is authorized under these regulations to make any offer, or promise, or otherwise to bind a district director with respect to the payment of any reward or the amount thereof.

It is the position of the plaintiffs that once the District Director determined that a reward was due them, it was incumbent upon him to fix the amount upon a reasonable basis and that no reasonable basis has been shown. The argument continues that, since the regulation lays down a standard — 10 percent of the additional taxes, penalties, and fines [95]

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Bluebook (online)
508 F.2d 1333, 206 Ct. Cl. 90, 35 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 571, 1975 U.S. Ct. Cl. LEXIS 191, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/saracena-v-united-states-cc-1975.