Rynn v. First Transit Incorporated

Opinion

1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA

9 Richard Rynn, No. CV-21-01755-PHX-DWL

10 Plaintiff, ORDER

11 v.

12 First Transit Incorporated, et al.,

13 Defendants. 14 15 Pending before the Court are Defendant First Transit Incorporated’s (“First 16 Transit”) motion to dismiss (Doc. 6) and pro se Plaintiff Richard Rynn’s motion “seeking 17 leave to file supplement to second amended complaint” (Doc. 13) and motion “seeking 18 leave to file second amended complaint” (Doc. 19). For the following reasons, Defendant’s 19 motion is granted and Plaintiff’s motions are denied. 20 BACKGROUND 21 On May 29, 2020, Rynn filed a complaint in Maricopa County Superior Court 22 against First Transit, which First Transit removed to federal court, where the case was 23 assigned to Judge Tuchi. Rynn v. First Transit Incorporated et al, 2:20-cv-01309-JJT (“the 24 Previous Action”). 25 Judge Tuchi summarized the background of the Previous Action as follows:

26 This matter arises from [First Transit’s] handling of a third party’s sexual harassment allegations against Plaintiff Richard Rynn. Mr. Rynn started 27 working for First Transit in 2016 at its Mesa location. In December 2018, he temporarily worked at the Tempe facility, where he met Shayley 28 Matthews. While working together, Mr. Rynn told Ms. Matthews she was beautiful, commented on her Instagram page, and had other personal 1 conversations with her. In February 2019, Ms. Matthews submitted an Incident Report form to First Transit complaining about these interactions. 2 Ms. Matthews also stated that Mr. Rynn was “internet stalking” and “facebook stalk[ing]” her. 3 On February 26, 2019, First Transit employee, Lynn McLean, met with Mr. 4 Rynn to inform him of Ms. Matthews’s complaint. He instructed Mr. Rynn to stay away from the Tempe facility and not speak with any of the Tempe 5 employees. Subsequently, Ms. Matthews informed First Transit that Mr. Rynn had subscribed to her Youtube account and attempted to contact her 6 through Facebook. On April 19, 2019, Mr. Rynn entered the Tempe location with his daughter and provided a First Transit representative with an apology 7 note for Ms. Matthews. On April 30, 2019, First Transit released a confidential memo to Ms. Matthews concluding that “the investigation leads 8 us to believe that inappropriate conduct did occur.” The next day, First Transit provided Mr. Rynn with a different confidential memo that found 9 “your unwanted comments and remarks were inappropriate under the circumstances and provided a basis for the employee to make allegations 10 against you.” It also instructed him to “not enter the Tempe property without the approval of upper management.” 11 Less than two weeks later, Mr. Rynn sent Ms. Matthews flowers with a note 12 requesting to speak or meet up in order to “resolve all unresolved issues.” In response, Ms. Matthews called the Avondale Police Department, who 13 suggested that Ms. Matthews apply for an Injunction against Harassment (“IAH”) against Mr. Rynn. Ms. Matthews immediately applied for the IAH, 14 which a Judge granted that day. Additionally, both the responding Officer and Ms. Matthews contacted Mr. Rynn to inform him that Ms. Matthews did 15 not wish to have further contact with him.

16 After receiving service of the IAH, Mr. Rynn moved for its dismissal. The court held a hearing, where Ms. Matthews, Mr. Camunez, and Mr. Rynn all 17 testified, and ultimately upheld the IAH.

18 One day later, on June 4, 2019, Mr. Rynn filed a hotline complaint at work, alleging that (1) he was wrongfully accused of sexual harassment; (2) Mr. 19 Camunez provided false information at the hearing; (3) and Mr. Rynn was not informed of certain relevant information until the IAH hearing. First 20 Transit investigated the allegations and found no violation of its polices or procedures. 21 Mr. Rynn subsequently filed his initial Complaint in this matter, which has 22 since been amended. The Complaint alleges (1) Defamation, (2) False Light, and (3) Negligence. 23 24 Rynn v. First Transit Inc., 2021 WL 3209665, *1-2 (D. Ariz. 2021) (citations omitted). 25 On July 28, 2021, Judge Tuchi resolved the parties’ cross-motions for summary 26 judgment, granting summary judgment in favor of First Transit on all claims. Id. at *3-5. 27 Judge Tuchi also denied Rynn’s motion for leave to file a second amended 28 complaint. Id. at *6. Rynn sought leave to add claims “including Fraud, Malicious 1 Prosecution/Abuse of Process, Sexual Harassment, Age Discrimination and Punitive 2 Damages.” (Previous Action, Doc 96 at 1.) Judge Tuchi denied the motion for leave to 3 amend because of “extreme prejudice and delay”:

4 Plaintiff’s proposed amendments would cause substantial prejudice to Defendants. Plaintiff filed this request to add additional claims after all 5 motions for summary judgment were fully briefed and two and half months after the close of discovery. If the Court were to grant Plaintiff’s request, the 6 case would essentially start from the beginning for the added claims. At the least, Defendant would need to respond to an amended complaint, re-take 7 Mr. Rynn’s deposition and participate in Discovery. Plaintiff does not provide any reason why the Court should subject Defendant to such 8 prejudice. Nor does Plaintiff explain why [he] waited until the close of summary judgment to request to amend. 9 10 Rynn, 2021 WL 3209665 at *6. 11 On July 29, 2021, the Clerk entered judgment and terminated the action. (Previous 12 Action, Doc. 117.) 13 On August 11, 2021, Rynn filed a motion for reconsideration, asserting that Judge 14 Tuchi’s July 28, 2021 order was “seriously false and misconstrued and not on the merits.” 15 (Previous Action, Doc. 119 at 1.) Rynn took issue with the summary judgment rulings on 16 all claims, as well as the denial of his motion for leave to amend. Regarding the latter, 17 Rynn stated that Judge Tuchi’s denial of leave to amend “forces [Rynn] to file multiple 18 lawsuits against defendant to claim for injuries within Federal Rules of law of age 19 discrimination and abuse of process, etc.” (Id. at 16.) 20 Although the case was already terminated, Rynn—while awaiting a ruling on his 21 motion for reconsideration—filed, on August 16, 2021, a motion seeking leave to file a 22 “third” amended complaint (despite never having been permitted to file a second amended 23 complaint) (Previous Action, Doc. 121), and then filed, on August 20, 2021, a motion for 24 leave to “file corrections to third amended complaint” (Previous Action, Doc. 122) and yet 25 another updated version of the proposed “third” amended complaint (Previous Action, 26 Doc. 123). On August 26, 2021, Rynn filed a renewed motion for reconsideration. 27 (Previous Action, Doc. 127.) And on September 4, 2021, Rynn filed a motion seeking 28 leave to file a “fourth” amended complaint. (Previous Action, Doc. 129.) 1 On September 23, 2021, Rynn filed a new lawsuit against First Transit (the “Present 2 Action”) in in Maricopa County Superior Court (Doc. 1-3), which First Transit removed to 3 federal court (Doc. 1), where the case was assigned to the undersigned judge (Doc. 2). The 4 complaint in the Present Action brings the exact claims that Rynn unsuccessfully sought 5 leave to bring in the Previous Action: Fraud, Malicious Prosecution/Abuse of Process, 6 Sexual Harassment, Age Discrimination, and Punitive Damages. (Doc. 1-3 at 2.)1 7 On October 22, 2021, First Transit filed the pending motion to dismiss, arguing that 8 the claims in the Present Action are barred by the doctrine of res judicata, or, in the 9 alternative, that the claims fail as a matter of law due to failure to exhaust administrative 10 remedies as well as failure to state a plausible claim. (Doc. 6.) 11 On October 29, 2021, First Transit filed a notice of errata explaining that Rynn filed 12 a first amended complaint (“FAC”) on October 14, 2021, the day before First Transit 13 removed this action, but that First Transit was unaware of the existence of the FAC when 14 it removed the action and filed the motion to dismiss, as the state court did not add the 15 filing to its docket until October 19, 2021, several days after removal, and Rynn did not 16 mention the amendment during his correspondence with First Transit. (Doc. 9 at 1-2.) The 17 FAC asserts the same causes of action as the original complaint. (Doc. 9-2 at 28-35.) First 18 Transit requests that its motion to dismiss “be considered its response” to the FAC, as the 19 FAC “is substantively very similar” to the original complaint. (Doc. 9 at 2.) 20 1 For the sake of cohesion, the remainder of this background section focuses on 21 developments in the Present Action. Meanwhile, the Previous Action—despite having been terminated on July 29, 2021 (Previous Action, Doc. 117)—continued to have an 22 active docket. On October 19, 2021, Judge Tuchi denied Rynn’s motions for reconsideration and motions to amend. (Previous Action, Doc. 139.) On October 29, 2021, 23 Rynn filed yet another motion for leave to amend (Previous Action, Doc. 140.) On November 1, 2021, Rynn filed a “motion for change of judge,” in which Rynn accused 24 Judge Tuchi of violating his civil rights and concealing a personal bias warranting recusal. (Previous Action, Doc. 141.) That same day, Rynn filed a motion to set aside the judgment 25 (Previous Action, Doc. 142), a notice of appeal (Previous Action, Doc. 143), an amended notice of appeal (Previous Action, Doc. 144), and yet another motion to amend (Previous 26 Action, Doc. 145), this time attempting to add Judge Tuchi as a defendant (Previous Action, Doc. 145-2). On November 22, 2021, Rynn filed another motion for change of 27 judge. (Previous Action, Doc. 153.) On December 13, 2021, Judge Tuchi denied the various motions, reiterated that the matter is closed, noted that any additional filings would 28 be stricken from the record, and warned Rynn that any further filings would result in the termination of his electronic filing privileges in that case. (Doc. 162.) 1 On November 8, 2021, Rynn filed a response to the motion to dismiss (Doc. 12), 2 and on November 15, 2021, First Transit filed a reply (Doc. 15). 3 On November 11, 2021, Rynn filed a motion for leave to file a second amended 4 complaint in which Rynn proposes adding claims against Judge Craig Jennings of the 5 Avondale City Court and Judge Tuchi. (Doc. 13.) On November 12, 2021, Rynn filed a 6 “notice of errata,” proposing additional amendments. (Doc. 14.) 7 On November 23, 2021, First Transit filed a response to the motion for leave to 8 amend. (Doc. 17.) 9 On November 24, 2021, Rynn filed a notice of errata, which inexplicably and 10 inaccurately asserts that his motion for leave to amend “was not entered on court records” 11 (Doc. 18), and a renewed motion for leave to file a second amended complaint, despite the 12 fact that First Transit had already responded to his first motion seeking this relief, which 13 was not yet resolved (or even fully briefed). (Doc. 19.) Rynn also filed another notice of 14 errata with another version of proposed amendments to the FAC. (Doc. 20.) 15 On December 6, 2021, Rynn filed a reply in support of his first motion for leave to 16 file a second amended complaint. (Doc. 21.) 17 On December 8, 2021, First Transit filed a response to Rynn’s second motion for 18 leave to file a second amended complaint. (Doc. 22.) 19 DISCUSSION 20 As a preliminary matter, pursuant to First Transit’s request (Doc. 9 at 2), the Court 21 construes the motion to dismiss (Doc. 6) as First Transit’s response to the FAC. 22 First Transit argues that Plaintiff’s claims are barred by the doctrine of res judicata. 23 (Doc. 6 at 6-11.) “Res judicata, also known as claim preclusion, bars litigation in a 24 subsequent action of any claims that were raised or could have been raised in the prior 25 action.” W. Radio Servs. Co. v. Glickman, 123 F.3d 1189, 1192 (9th Cir. 1997). “In order 26 for res judicata to apply there must be: 1) an identity of claims, 2) a final judgment on the 27 merits, and 3) identity or privity between parties.” Id. 28 When evaluating the first element—identity of claims—courts look to the following 1 four considerations: “(1) whether the two suits arise out of the same transactional nucleus 2 of facts; (2) whether rights or interests established in the prior judgment would be destroyed 3 or impaired by prosecution of the second action; (3) whether the two suits involve 4 infringement of the same right; and (4) whether substantially the same evidence is 5 presented in the two actions.” Mpoyo v. Litton Electro-Optical Sys., 430 F.3d 985, 987 6 (9th Cir. 2005). Courts do not apply these criteria “mechanistically.” Id. 7 The Ninth Circuit uses “a transaction test to determine whether the two suits share 8 a common nucleus of operative fact.” Id. “Whether two events are part of the same 9 transaction or series depends on whether they are related to the same set of facts and 10 whether they could conveniently be tried together.” Id. 11 The Present Action—like the Previous Action—arises from First Transit’s handling 12 of Shayley Matthews’s sexual harassment allegations against Rynn. (Doc. 9-2.) The FAC 13 alleges that First Transit “wrongly authorized” its employees “to falsely accuse Plaintiff of 14 contacts between May 13, 2019 and June 3, 2019,” leading to “Avondale court Case No. 15 PO2019000235” (id. at 4)—the IAH proceeding that featured so prominently in the 16 Previous Action. (Previous Action, Doc. 41 ¶ 82.) Indeed, much of the language of the 17 complaint in the Present Action appears verbatim in proposed amended complaints in the 18 Previous Action. (See, e.g., Previous Action, Doc. 140-2 ¶ 6 [alleging that First Transit 19 “wrongly authorized” its employees “to falsely accuse Plaintiff of contacts between May 20 13, 2019 and June 3, 2019,” leading to “Avondale court Case No. PO2019000235”].) The 21 claims all hinge on First Transit’s alleged involvement in Ms. Matthews’s IAH proceeding 22 in the Avondale Court, and they are identical to the claims Rynn sought leave to add via 23 amendment in the Previous Action. (Compare Present Action, Doc. 9-2 ¶¶ 112-162 with 24 Previous Action, Doc. 140-2 ¶¶ 146-184.) The Court has no trouble concluding that there 25 is a common nucleus of operative fact between the Previous Action and the Present Action. 26 Although “examination of the latter three criteria does not yield a clear outcome,” 27 the Ninth Circuit has “often held the common nucleus criterion to be outcome 28 determinative under the first res judicata element.” Mpoyo, 430 F.3d at 988. “The first 1 criterion controls and assures the two suits involve the same claim or cause of action.” Id. 2 “It is also appropriate to weight more heavily the common nucleus of operative fact 3 criterion here where denial of leave to amend was based on unjustified untimeliness on the 4 part of the plaintiff that would cause unfair prejudice to the defendant.” Id. Thus, the two 5 lawsuits share an identity of claims. 6 The second element of the res judicata test asks whether the earlier lawsuit “reached 7 a final judgment on the merits.” Id. at 987 (quotation omitted). It did. “The second res 8 judicata element is satisfied by a summary judgment dismissal which is considered a 9 decision on the merits for res judicata purposes.” Id. at 988. It is irrelevant that Rynn is 10 currently pursuing an appeal in the Previous Action. Eichman v. Fotomat Corp., 759 F.2d 11 1434, 1439 (9th Cir. 1985) (“The federal rule on the preclusive effect of a judgment from 12 which an appeal has been taken is that the pendency of an appeal does not suspend the 13 operation of an otherwise final judgment for purposes of res judicata.”). 14 The final element of the res judicata test asks whether the earlier lawsuit “involved 15 identical parties or privies.” Id. at 987 (quotation omitted). This element is satisfied here, 16 too—the parties in the two lawsuits are identical. 17 For these reasons, the claims in the Present Action are barred by the doctrine of res 18 judicata. 19 Rynn’s motions to amend the FAC (Docs. 13 and 19) are denied because 20 amendment would be futile. Saul v. United States, 928 F.2d 829, 843 (9th Cir. 1991) (“A 21 district court does not err in denying leave to amend where the amendment would be 22 futile, . . . or where the amended complaint would be subject to dismissal.”). None of the 23 various proposed amended complaints Rynn has filed can “overcome the fundamental 24 futility of the claims.” Id. Cf. Sibley v. Lando, 437 F.3d 1067, 1074 (11th Cir. 2005) (“[T]o 25 the extent Sibley sought to amend his complaint to clarify that he wished to sue Judges 26 Schwartz and Goderich in their individual capacities, such an amendment would also be 27 futile, as both judges were entitled to judicial immunity from suit in their individual 28 capacities. Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion in declining to permit Sibley 1 || to amend his complaint because that amendment, as well as the other requested actions, 2|| would be futile.”) (citation omitted). Furthermore, leave to amend would prejudice First || Transit and create more untenable delay. Rynn, 2021 WL 3209665 at *6. 4 For these reasons, the Present Action is dismissed without leave to amend and shall be terminated. As a final matter, the Court notes that in the Previous Action, Rynn filed 6|| numerous post-judgment motions, including multiple motions for reconsideration. || Motions for reconsideration are disfavored and are denied “absent a showing of manifest 8 || error or a showing of new facts or legal authority that could not have been brought to [the 9|| Court’s] attention earlier with reasonable diligence.” LRCiv. 7.2(g). Reconsideration is || an “extraordinary remedy” that is available only in “highly unusual circumstances.” Kona || Enters., Inc. v. Estate of Bishop, 229 F.3d 877, 890 (9th Cir. 2000) (citations omitted). □□ Rynn may file one—and only one—motion for reconsideration of this order, if—and only 13} if—he can meet this high standard. Rynn shall not file any motions to amend or any other kind of motion. 15 Accordingly, 16 IT IS ORDERED that First Transit’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 6) is granted. The 17 || above-captioned action is dismissed on res judicata grounds without leave to amend. The 18 || Clerk of Court shall enter judgment and terminate this action. 19 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Rynn’s motions for leave to amend (Docs. 13, 19) are denied. 21 Dated this 21st day of December, 2021. 22 23 Lm ee” 24 f t _o——— Dominic W. Lanza 25 United States District Judge 26 27 28

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