Opinion of the court by
PANCOAST, J.:
Numerous objections were made in the court below, both to the sufficiency of the pleadings and to the introduction of evidence. All contentions, however, are abandoned in this court, save three; the first of which is that the demurrer to the petition of plaintiff below should have been sustained, because there was no allegation in the petition that the material sold and for which claim was made, was used in the construction of the building upon which the lien was claimed; second, that as to the material claimed to have been sold the contractor Matkin, the plaintiff was not a subcontractor, under the evidence, but a mere material man, and not entitled to any lien; third, that as to the material sold to the contractor Matkin, and for which plaintiff below claimed as a.' sub-contractor, there was n<o proof of the service of notice upon the owner as required by statute.
It is true that there is no direct allegation contained in the petition that the lumber sold to the contractor was used in the building. Was the defect in the petition in this respect properly challenged by the demurrer ?
The first ground of the demurrer, that there was a defect of parties, certainly did not reach this proposition. The second, that there were several causes of action improperly joined, did not reach, it. The third, that the petition did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, did not reach it. A general demurrer will not reach this proposition. The foreclosure of a mechanic’s lien is only ancillary to the main cause of action. The basis of the cause of action was the debt claimed to be due the plaintiff. The petition was sufficient as a cause of action upon an open account,
and even if the action as to the mechanic's lien had been eliminated, . still there was a, good cause of action stated in the petition. The mechanic's lien statement was sufficient for its purpose- The petition is defective, in that it does not contain a direct allegation that the material was,used in the-construction of the building. No proper objection, however,, being taken to the petition to reach this defect, either before or after pleading,. or on the trial of the ease,, it was waived, and the petition will be considered here as if the proper amendment had been made.
(El Reno Electric Light & Telephone Company v. Jennison, 5
Okla. 760;
Mulhall v.
Mulhall, 3 Okla. 304.)
•More particularly should this rule be adhered to, there being no objection made to the introduction of evidence because of this defect in the petition. The record discloses that .there was ample evidence of the lumber having been used in the building, and this evidence was offered and introduced without any objection whatever that the petition did not contain an allegation that the lumber was so used. The-objection, in this respect, is. more or less a technical one, and, in order to have any force in this court, should have been urged in the proper way in the court below. This was not done; indeed, no effort was made in that direction.
Again, it will be noted that the answer and demurrer ' were both filed upon the same day. This is not the correct practice; and it is the rule, under codes like ours, that where an answer is filed before a decision is had upon a demurrer already on file, and there is but one cause of action stated in the petition, the answer will supersede the demurrer. We think that is the effect of filing the demurrer and the answer
upon the same day in this case. The answer should be held to have superseded the demurrer, and the trial to have proceeded as though no demurrer had been filed.
' The objection that the material man was not a subcontractor under the evidence, and was not entitled to any lien, is not well taken. The statement for a lien showed that a part of the lumber was furnished to the contractor Mat-kin and a part to Ryndak direct, the material man claiming to be a sub-contractor. The evidence was introduced, and the case was tried out principally .upon this theory, although the instructions to the jury were to the effect that if Ryn-dak, in. the cancellation of his contract with Matkin, assumed the obligations ' for the material purchased by Matkin, he then became personally responsible for them. Counsel’s argument that Seawell was not a sub-contractor within the meaning of the mechanic’s lien law, is very ingenious to.say the least; but we think their construction in this respect is a very narrow one, and is not borne out by the authorities upon this subject. It is true that the statute should not be enlarged 'beyond its express provisions; but it is equally true that it should not receive such a narrow construction as to exclude from its application persons or classes who are intended to be placed - within its protection. The rule that statutes in derogation of the common law shall be strictly construed, has no application here. This statute under contemplation should receive a liberal interpretation. Of course, it should not be so construed as to reach out and bring within its provisions persons not included within it, or so as to confer special privileges upon.them..
We think that where a material man enters into a con
tract with a contractor to furnish material for a building, which the contractor has agreed to build, and where the material man has knowledge of such contract, and makes his contract in relation thereto with the understanding that the material is to be used by the contractor in the building, he thereby becomes a sub-contractor within the meaning of the mechanic’s lien law, and if the material is used in the construction of the building, he is entitled to a lien. A subcontract is one made under a previous contract; and a subcontractor is one who takes a portion of a contract from the principal contractor.
In this case, Matkin had a contract for the construction of the entire building, which included the furnishing of all the material to be used therein. Seawell contracted with Matkin to furnish the material for the building. In doing so, he agreed to perform a part of the contract which Mat-kin had obligated himself to perform. Why, under such circumstances, should not Seawell be held to be a sub-contractor within the meaning of the mechanic’s lien law ? The statute provides that any person who shall furnish material under contract with a contractor, may obtain a lien. This means, of course, that a sub-contractor must contract with reference to the original contract. He must have knowledge of such original contract, and that the material is to be furnished for the property, and is to go to the betterment thereof; and the material must actually be used in the construction of the improvement to be made. When material is furnished under such circumstances, the material man becomes, within the meaning of the mechanic’s lien law, a sub-contractor, and is entitled to a lien under the pro
visions oí that act.
(Springfield Boiler & Manufacturing Company v. Best
[Kan.], 65 Pac. 239.)
The remaining contention is that there was
no
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Opinion of the court by
PANCOAST, J.:
Numerous objections were made in the court below, both to the sufficiency of the pleadings and to the introduction of evidence. All contentions, however, are abandoned in this court, save three; the first of which is that the demurrer to the petition of plaintiff below should have been sustained, because there was no allegation in the petition that the material sold and for which claim was made, was used in the construction of the building upon which the lien was claimed; second, that as to the material claimed to have been sold the contractor Matkin, the plaintiff was not a subcontractor, under the evidence, but a mere material man, and not entitled to any lien; third, that as to the material sold to the contractor Matkin, and for which plaintiff below claimed as a.' sub-contractor, there was n<o proof of the service of notice upon the owner as required by statute.
It is true that there is no direct allegation contained in the petition that the lumber sold to the contractor was used in the building. Was the defect in the petition in this respect properly challenged by the demurrer ?
The first ground of the demurrer, that there was a defect of parties, certainly did not reach this proposition. The second, that there were several causes of action improperly joined, did not reach, it. The third, that the petition did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, did not reach it. A general demurrer will not reach this proposition. The foreclosure of a mechanic’s lien is only ancillary to the main cause of action. The basis of the cause of action was the debt claimed to be due the plaintiff. The petition was sufficient as a cause of action upon an open account,
and even if the action as to the mechanic's lien had been eliminated, . still there was a, good cause of action stated in the petition. The mechanic's lien statement was sufficient for its purpose- The petition is defective, in that it does not contain a direct allegation that the material was,used in the-construction of the building. No proper objection, however,, being taken to the petition to reach this defect, either before or after pleading,. or on the trial of the ease,, it was waived, and the petition will be considered here as if the proper amendment had been made.
(El Reno Electric Light & Telephone Company v. Jennison, 5
Okla. 760;
Mulhall v.
Mulhall, 3 Okla. 304.)
•More particularly should this rule be adhered to, there being no objection made to the introduction of evidence because of this defect in the petition. The record discloses that .there was ample evidence of the lumber having been used in the building, and this evidence was offered and introduced without any objection whatever that the petition did not contain an allegation that the lumber was so used. The-objection, in this respect, is. more or less a technical one, and, in order to have any force in this court, should have been urged in the proper way in the court below. This was not done; indeed, no effort was made in that direction.
Again, it will be noted that the answer and demurrer ' were both filed upon the same day. This is not the correct practice; and it is the rule, under codes like ours, that where an answer is filed before a decision is had upon a demurrer already on file, and there is but one cause of action stated in the petition, the answer will supersede the demurrer. We think that is the effect of filing the demurrer and the answer
upon the same day in this case. The answer should be held to have superseded the demurrer, and the trial to have proceeded as though no demurrer had been filed.
' The objection that the material man was not a subcontractor under the evidence, and was not entitled to any lien, is not well taken. The statement for a lien showed that a part of the lumber was furnished to the contractor Mat-kin and a part to Ryndak direct, the material man claiming to be a sub-contractor. The evidence was introduced, and the case was tried out principally .upon this theory, although the instructions to the jury were to the effect that if Ryn-dak, in. the cancellation of his contract with Matkin, assumed the obligations ' for the material purchased by Matkin, he then became personally responsible for them. Counsel’s argument that Seawell was not a sub-contractor within the meaning of the mechanic’s lien law, is very ingenious to.say the least; but we think their construction in this respect is a very narrow one, and is not borne out by the authorities upon this subject. It is true that the statute should not be enlarged 'beyond its express provisions; but it is equally true that it should not receive such a narrow construction as to exclude from its application persons or classes who are intended to be placed - within its protection. The rule that statutes in derogation of the common law shall be strictly construed, has no application here. This statute under contemplation should receive a liberal interpretation. Of course, it should not be so construed as to reach out and bring within its provisions persons not included within it, or so as to confer special privileges upon.them..
We think that where a material man enters into a con
tract with a contractor to furnish material for a building, which the contractor has agreed to build, and where the material man has knowledge of such contract, and makes his contract in relation thereto with the understanding that the material is to be used by the contractor in the building, he thereby becomes a sub-contractor within the meaning of the mechanic’s lien law, and if the material is used in the construction of the building, he is entitled to a lien. A subcontract is one made under a previous contract; and a subcontractor is one who takes a portion of a contract from the principal contractor.
In this case, Matkin had a contract for the construction of the entire building, which included the furnishing of all the material to be used therein. Seawell contracted with Matkin to furnish the material for the building. In doing so, he agreed to perform a part of the contract which Mat-kin had obligated himself to perform. Why, under such circumstances, should not Seawell be held to be a sub-contractor within the meaning of the mechanic’s lien law ? The statute provides that any person who shall furnish material under contract with a contractor, may obtain a lien. This means, of course, that a sub-contractor must contract with reference to the original contract. He must have knowledge of such original contract, and that the material is to be furnished for the property, and is to go to the betterment thereof; and the material must actually be used in the construction of the improvement to be made. When material is furnished under such circumstances, the material man becomes, within the meaning of the mechanic’s lien law, a sub-contractor, and is entitled to a lien under the pro
visions oí that act.
(Springfield Boiler & Manufacturing Company v. Best
[Kan.], 65 Pac. 239.)
The remaining contention is that there was
no
proof sustaining the allegation of the petition that notice was given to Ryndak of the filing of the mechanic’s lien, as required by •statute.
Upon the trial, the plaintiff offered in evidence a copy of the mechanic’s lien, which was attached to the petition, together with an endorsement of service thereon. This endorsement reads as follows: k
“October 26, 1901. Served a true and certified copy of this writ by delivering same to Felix J. Ryndak, on October 26, 1901. W. F. Austin, dep. sher., by W. B. S.”
The only objection interposed to the introduction of this copy of the mechanic’s lien and the endorsement theTeon, was that it was not properly certified. Just what was meant by this objection is not clear. At any rate, it is not the ‘objection which should have been made in order to defeat its introduction. The objection should have been that it was incompetent, and we have no doubt that had such an objection been raised, it would have been sustained. No sufficient ■objection having been made, it was properly allowed to be introduced, and when introduced, it was some evidence, how■ever slight, that notice had been given of the filing of the mechanic’s lien. The paper itself is conceded to have been notice, the only contention being that there was no sufficient proof of service. There was no evidence, however slight, denying the service of notice. We can not agree with counsel that the return was no evidence whatever of service. We think it was evidence, though perhaps but slight evidence,
and there being no contradiction of it in-any way, it was sufficient for the purpose. The trouble with this contention is that the claim is made in this court for the first time that the return was no evidence of hotice of filing of the mechanic’s lien, while in the court below no proper objection was made to the introduction of the return. This notice of filing of a mechanic’s lien provided by statute not being required to be served by an officer or any special individual, the rules with reference to 'the return of an officer to the writ or the service by an officer of any writ, cannot apply here, and it is therefore unnecessary to discuss this question under that head; applying those rules. The only question under this head is, was notice served on Ryndak of the filing of the mechanic’s lien? Nowhere in the record does he claim that it was not served. By the introduction of the endorsement on the copy of the' mechanic’s lien attached to the petition, there was slight evidence on the part of the plaintiff that notice had been given. Therefore, the finding of the court in favor of the plaintiff upon this point must be sustained.
But we think, owing to the peculiar conditions of this case, that Seawell should be held to be entitled to a mechanic’s lien as a principal contractor with Ryndak; and this because of the written agreement which wa's entered into on the part of Ryndak with his contractor, Matkin, which is as follows:
“This agreement, made this 3rd day of September, A. D. 1901, Witnesseth: That as there is some misunderstanding between W. H. Matkin and Felix Ryndak on a contract dated August 19, 1901, for the construction of a building for Mr. Ryndak, it is therefore mutually agreed between them that said contract be and the same is hereby cancelled
and terminated. Mr. Ryndak is given possession of tbe building, is to complete tbe same, is to pay all claims for material and labor now outstanding, and said Matkin is released and discharged from any and all claims and demands growing out of the said contract, and likewise Mr. Ryndak is released and discharged from any and all claims for and on behalf of Mr. Matkin. (Signed)
“W. H. MatKIN,
“Felix J. Ryndak".
By the provisions of this contract, Ryndak assumed all the obligations of the contractor. There was sufficient consideration for this contract, and Ryndak, from that time on, became in effect the principal contractor, both as to the material already furnished and that subsequently purchased by him. He should be held as having dealt directly with the material man. This being so, all questions of sub-contract and notice were eliminated, and the verdict and judgment were proper and right.
Having carefully examined all questions presented by the petition in error and brief, and seeing no error in the record, the judgment of the coiirt below is affirmed.
Burford, C. J., who presided in the court below, not sitting; all the other Justices concurring.