Ryan v. Best In Slot LLC

• Court: District Court, S.D. California
• Decided: September 10, 2025
• Docket: 3:25-cv-02348
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 2 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 3 Jeremy RYAN, Case No.: 25-cv-2348-AGS-BLM

4 ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO Plaintiff, 5 PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS v. (ECF 3), DISMISSING COMPLAINT 6 WITH LEAVE TO AMEND, AND

7 DENYING MOTION FOR BEST IN SLOT, LLC, TEMPORARY RESTRAINING 8 Defendant. ORDER (ECF 2) 9 Plaintiff Jeremy Ryan, proceeding without an attorney, is suing Best In Slot, LLC, 10 over alleged misrepresentations. He also requests to proceed in forma pauperis, that is, 11 without paying the court’s filing fees. And he wants the Court to order emergency 12 temporary injunctive relief. As explained below, his IFP application is granted. But his 13 complaint does not survive mandatory screening, and his request for emergency injunctive 14 relief fails. 15 DISCUSSION 16 A. IFP Application 17 Parties instituting civil actions in United States district courts must pay $405 in filing 18 fees. See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a); Judicial Conference Schedule of Fees, District Court Misc. 19 Fee Schedule, § 14 (eff. Dec. 1, 2023). But plaintiffs granted the right to proceed IFP need 20 not pay those fees. Rodriguez v. Cook, 169 F.3d 1176, 1177 (9th Cir. 1999). 21 Ryan’s application states that he receives only “1,180” dollars a month in disability 22 payments, has only “125.23” cash on hand, and owns other assets he values at “570.” (ECF 23 3, at 1–3.) He totals his monthly expenses at “$1,050.” (Id. at 4–5.) Paying the filing fee 24 would result in an undue hardship on plaintiff, and as “a party need not be completely 25 destitute to proceed IFP,” the motion is granted. See Blount v. Saul, No. 21-CV-0679-BLM, 26 2021 WL 1561453, at *1 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 21, 2021). 27 28 1 B. Screening and Dismissal 2 The IFP statute “not only permits but requires a district court to dismiss an in forma 3 pauperis complaint that fails to state a claim.” Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127 (9th Cir. 4 2000) (citing 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)). Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8 and 12(b)(6) 5 require a complaint to “contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim 6 to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting 7 Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). 8 Ryan, however, doesn’t even get that far. As the “party asserting jurisdiction,” he 9 “bears the burden of establishing subject matter jurisdiction.” In re Dynamic Random 10 Access Memory (DRAM) Antitrust Litig., 546 F.3d 981, 984 (9th Cir. 2008). Ryan suggests 11 this Court has diversity jurisdiction over his state-law claims, which requires him to show, 12 among other things, that the claim is (1) between “citizens of different States” or “citizens 13 of a State and citizens or subjects of a foreign state.” 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)(1), (a)(2). He 14 alleges that defendant “is, on information and belief, organized under the laws of the United 15 Arab Emirates . . . .” (ECF 1, at 2.) But for diversity purposes, “an LLC is a citizen of every 16 state of which its owners/members are citizens.” Johnson v. Columbia Props. Anchorage, 17 LP, 437 F.3d 894, 899 (9th Cir. 2006). Since the complaint is silent as to the citizenship of 18 defendant’s members, it does not carry Ryan’s burden to establish this Court’s diversity 19 jurisdiction. 20 But in “Count 4,” Ryan also seeks “Declaratory and Injunctive Relief” under “28 21 U.S.C. §§ 2201–2202.” (ECF 1, at 6.) And this Court does “have original jurisdiction of 22 all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States,” 23 typically referred to as federal-question jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 1331. But sections “2201 24 and 2202, which comprise the Declaratory Judgment Act,” do “not create subject matter 25 jurisdiction where none otherwise exists.” Jarrett v. Resor, 426 F.2d 213, 216 (9th Cir. 26 1970). “It only creates a particular kind of remedy available in actions where the district 27 court already has jurisdiction to entertain a suit.” Id. Thus, Ryan’s reference to the 28 Declaratory Judgment Act does not confer jurisdiction on this Court, either. 1 So, the complaint is dismissed without prejudice and with leave to amend to correct 2 || the deficiencies. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3) (“If the court determines at any time that it 3 lacks subject-matter jurisdiction, the court must dismiss the action.”’). And Ryan’s motion 4 ||for a temporary restraining order is denied because, when “a court lacks subject matter 5 ||jurisdiction over an action, it necessarily is powerless to grant a TRO.” Eftekari v. Select 6 || Portfolio Servicing, Inc., No. 24-CV-2274 JLS (KSC), 2025 WL 97609, at *3 (S.D. Cal. 7 13, 2025). 8 CONCLUSION 9 Thus, the Court orders as follows: 10 1. Plaintiffs motion to proceed in forma pauperis is GRANTED, and the filing 11 || fee is waived. 12 2. Plaintiffs complaint is DISMISSED without prejudice due to lack of 13 jurisdiction. But plaintiff is granted leave to amend. 14 3. By November 10, 2025, plaintiff must file any amended complaint. The 15 |}amended complaint must be complete by itself without reference to any previous version 16 |/of the pleading; defendants not named and any claims not re-alleged in the amended 17 || complaint will be considered waived. If plaintiff fails to ttmely amend, the Court will enter 18 |/a final order dismissing this civil action. 19 4. Plaintiff's motion for a temporary restraining order is DENIED. 20 || Dated: September 10, 2025 21 Z | f. 09 Andrew G. Schopler United States District Judge 23 24 25 26 27 28 3