Ross v. State

835 N.E.2d 1090, 2005 Ind. App. LEXIS 1995, 2005 WL 2757849
CourtIndiana Court of Appeals
DecidedOctober 26, 2005
DocketNo. 71A03-0504-CR-162
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 835 N.E.2d 1090 (Ross v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Indiana Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ross v. State, 835 N.E.2d 1090, 2005 Ind. App. LEXIS 1995, 2005 WL 2757849 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005).

Opinion

OPINION

MATHIAS, Judge.

Jeffery S. Ross ("Ross") was charged with murder in St. Joseph Superior Court, pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-42-1-1(1).1 Ross pled guilty to murder in exchange for a plea agreement that placed a cap on any possible sentence at fifty-five years. After a sentencing hearing, the trial court sentenced Ross to 55 years imprisonment for murder. Ross appeals, arguing that the trial court abused its discretion when it sentenced him. Specifically, Ross claims the trial court improperly considered the aggravating and mitigating circumstances. Because the trial court properly found and weighed the aggrava-tors and mitigators, we affirm.

Facts and Procedural History

On February 7, 2003, Ross entered a Burger King restaurant in South Bend as [1092]*1092Terrell Woods ("Woods") was preparing to leave. Ross and Woods exchanged words and Woods left the restaurant. Moments later, Woods reentered and both men threw punches at each other. At that point, Woods stopped, stepped back and removed his coat. As Woods was doing this, Ross removed a handgun from his waistband and fired a shot into Woods, knocking him to the ground. When Woods was able to bring himself to his feet, he tried to run, but Ross fired several more shots, striking Woods twice. Woods died later that evening at the hospital while being treated for his gunshot wounds. Woods' ex-wife, Jennifer Woods, was Ross's girlfriend at the time. She was present at the restaurant during the commission of this crime and positively identified Ross from police photographs as the person who shot Woods.

On February 10, 2003, the State charged Ross with murder pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-42-1-1(1). Appellant's App. p. 7. On September 26, 2008, Ross pled guilty to murder in exchange for a plea agreement that called for a maximum sentence of fifty-five years. Appellant's App. pp. 29-81. Under the terms of the plea agreement, the State made no recommendation as to Ross's sentencing. Id. On November 5, 2008, the court sentenced Ross to a term of fifty-five years. Appellant's App. p. 6; Tr. p. 57. |

In sentencing Ross, the court observed that the particular crime was a result of circumstances unlikely to recur, due to Woods's death. The court found as aggravating factors Ross's minimal eriminal history, including a battery conviction, the nature and circumstances of the offense, and an indication, although minimal, of a propensity for violence, noting his failure to complete MAP counseling. Tr. pp. 54-55. The court weighed the aggravators and mitigators and chose not to mitigate Ross's sentence below the presumptive term of fifty-five years.2 Tr. pp. 56-57. Ross now appeals his sentence.

Standard of Review

Sentencing decisions rest within the discretion of the trial court and are reviewed on appeal only for an abuse of discretion. Buchanan v. State, 767 N.E.2d 967, 970 (Ind.2002). An abuse of discretion occurs if the trial court's decision is clearly against the logic and effect of the facts and circumstances before it or if the trial court has misinterpreted the law. State v. Willits, 773 N.E.2d 808, 811 (Ind. 2002). Furthermore, an "error involving an abuse of discretion does not require reversal unless it affects the substantial rights of a party or is inconsistent with substantial justice." Marshall v. State, 832 N.E.2d 615, 624 (Ind.Ct.App.2005) (citing Carpenter v. State, 786 N.E.2d 696, 704 (Ind.2003)); Ind. Trial Rule 61 (2005).

Discussion and Decision

Ross asserts that he was improperly sentenced to fifty-five years imprisonment. Specifically, he maintains that the trial court improperly considered the aggravating and mitigating circumstances.

I. Plea Agreement

As an initial matter, we address Ross's plea agreement with the State. Indiana courts "have long held that plea agreements are in the nature of contracts entered into between the defendant and the State." Lee v. State, 816 N.E.2d 35, 38 (Ind.2004); see also Brewer v. State, 830 [1093]*1093N.E.2d 115, 118 (Ind.Ct.App.2005) ("(al plea agreement is a contract, binding upon both parties when accepted by the trial court.") (citation omitted). Here, the trial court advised Ross of the consequences of pleading guilty, including an explanation regarding the possible punishment he would face in doing so, as well as the punishment range available under Indiana Code section 35-50-2-3, should he choose to go to trial. Ross answered in the affirmative when asked if he understood the range of penalties he was facing for this conviction. Tr. p. 13. l

While it is true that Ross was given the maximum sentence under the plea agreement, his fifty-five year sentence is merely the presumptive sentence set by the General Assembly for crimes committed pursuant to Indiana Code section 35-50-2-8. As his sentence was still within the purview of the plea agreement, Ross may not now complain. "[When a defendant is sentenced in accordance with a plea agreement, he has implicitly agreed that his sentence is appropriate." Bennett v. State, 813 N.E.2d 335, 338 (Ind.Ct.App. 2004) (citing Gist v. State, 804 N.E.2d 1204, 1207 (Ind.Ct.App.2004)). "Moreover, when no term is specified in the plea bargain recommendation, sentencing falls within the ambit of the trial court's discretion upon acceptance of the agreement." Id. (citing State ex rel. Goldsmith v. Marion County Superior Court, Criminal Division No. 1, 275 Ind. 545, 552, 419 N.E.2d 109, 114 (1981)).

II. Aggravators and Mitigators

Ross further argues that the trial court abused its discretion by giving improper consideration to aggravating and mitigating cireumstances. Specifically, Ross contends the court improperly considered the nature and cireumstances of the crime as an Additionally, Ross. argues that the court failed to make any findings regarding the following miti-gators offered in his sentencing memorandum: 1) substantial grounds tending to excuse or justify the crime; 2) undue hardship to Ross and his dependents as a result of imprisonment; 3) Ross's guilty plea; and 4) Ross's voluntary surrender to police. See Br. of Appellant, p. 9.

The trial judge is responsible for determining the appropriate weight of aggravating and mitigating factors in sentencing. Wingett v. State, 640 N.E.2d 372, 373 (Ind.1994). A sentence may be enhanced by a single aggravating circum-stance. Haddock v. State, 800 N.E.2d 242, 245 (Ind.Ct.App.2003). Trial courts have discretion to determine both the existence and the weight of a significant mitigating circumstance. Jones v. State, 705 N.E.2d 452, 454 (Ind.1999).

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835 N.E.2d 1090, 2005 Ind. App. LEXIS 1995, 2005 WL 2757849, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ross-v-state-indctapp-2005.