USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 21-10868 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________
ROOSEVELT MONDESIR, Petitioner-Appellant, versus SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, Julie Jones, in her official capacity,
Respondent-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida D.C. Docket No. 9:18-cv-80513-RLR USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 2 of 8
2 Opinion of the Court 21-10868
Before WILSON, JORDAN, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Roosevelt Mondesir, a Florida prisoner proceeding pro se, is serving a total sentence of life imprisonment after a jury found him guilty of attempted first-degree murder and domestic aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. He appeals from the district court’s denial of his habeas corpus petition, see 28 U.S.C. § 2254, and sub- sequent Rule 59(e) motion. He argues that the district court erred by failing to look through the state appellate court’s per curiam af- firmance and analyze the state trial court’s reasoning, as required by Wilson v. Sellers, 138 S. Ct. 1188 (2018). I We review de novo the district court’s denial of a habeas corpus petition. See McNair v. Campbell, 416 F.3d 1291, 1297 (11th Cir. 2005). That is, we review de novo “the district court’s decision about whether the state court acted contrary to clearly established federal law, unreasonably applied federal law, or made an unrea- sonable determination of fact.” Reed v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 593 F.3d 1217, 1239 (11th Cir. 2010) (quotation marks omitted). In reviewing the district court’s rulings, we are mindful that, in es- sence, we are reviewing the state court’s conclusions. See Peoples v. Campbell, 377 F.3d 1208, 1224 (11th Cir. 2004). Thus, although a district court’s decision is reviewed de novo, we must apply def- erence where appropriate to the final judgment of a state court. USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 3 of 8
21-10868 Opinion of the Court 3
See Reed, 593 F.3d at 1239; 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). When the last state court to decide a claim does not explain its reasoning, we look through and review the last reasoned state court decision. See Wil- son, 138 S. Ct. at 1192. Mr. Mondesir asserted several ineffective assistance of coun- sel claims. To succeed on a claim of ineffective assistance of coun- sel, a prisoner must prove two things: (1) counsel’s performance was deficient; and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced the de- fense. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). The performance prong “requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaran- teed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment.” Id. To prove the prejudice prong, a petitioner must show a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s deficient performance, the result of the pro- ceeding would have been different. See id. at 694. The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“AEDPA”) provides that, after a state court has adjudicated a claim on the merits, a federal court may grant habeas relief only if the state court’s decision was (1) contrary to, or involved an unreason- able application of, clearly established federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court, or (2) based on an unreasonable determina- tion of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the state court proceeding. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d); White v. Woodall, 572 U.S. 415, 419 (2014). Our review of an ineffective assistance claim under § 2254(d) is “doubly” deferential to counsel’s performance. See Harrington USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 4 of 8
4 Opinion of the Court 21-10868
v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 105 (2011). Thus, under § 2254(d), “the question is not whether counsel’s actions were reasonable. The question is whether there is any reasonable argument that counsel satisfied Strickland’s deferential standard.” Id. II As an initial matter, the district court committed Wilson er- ror. The clear directive of Wilson is to “‘look through’ the unex- plained [state high court] decision to the last related state-court de- cision that does provide a relevant rationale.” 138 S. Ct. at 1192. Here, the last reasoned state-court decision was the state trial court’s denial of Mr. Mondesir’s Rule 3.850 motion. The district court had to “look through” the state appellate court’s per curiam affirmance to that reasoning. Instead, it endeavored to determine what “could have supported” the state appellate court’s unrea- soned decision on the merits. See Harrington, 562 U.S. at 102. Such a hypothetical analysis is not required when the state court record tells us exactly why Mr. Mondesir’s Rule 3.850 motion was denied. The district court’s failure to review the state trial court’s decision was therefore error under Wilson. As in other civil matters, a harmless error in a judgment on a § 2254 petition, which does not affect a party’s substantial rights, is not a basis for vacating or modifying that judgment. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 61. See also Williams v. Chatman, 510 F.3d 1290, 1293 (11th Cir. 2007) (affirming that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ap- ply in habeas proceedings unless they are inconsistent with appli- cable statutory law). USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 5 of 8
21-10868 Opinion of the Court 5
To prevail, therefore, Mr. Mondesir must show that the dis- trict court’s error affected his substantial rights. See Williams, 510 F.3d at 1293. If the state trial court’s denial of his claims was rea- sonable, any Wilson error by the district court was harmless. See Reed, 593 F.3d at 1239. That is the case here. First, the state trial court denied Mr. Mondesir’s claim that trial counsel was ineffective for advising him to not testify because the state could not prove premeditation. It concluded that his claim was conclusory because he did not show how his proposed testimony—that he did not intend to set the victim on fire, but upon seeing her was sent into a “blind unreasoning fury”—reason- ably would have affected the outcome of his trial. We conclude that the state trial court reasonably ruled that Mr. Mondesir cannot show prejudice under Strickland. At trial, the victim testified to an acrimonious breakup leading up to the offense, and Mr. Mondesir luring her to the gas station under false pretenses and exiting his vehicle with a machete and a gas can. Surveillance footage of the entire incident was played for the jury. The victim’s uncle testified that, on the day before the offense, Mr. Mondesir left him a voicemail saying, “your niece is playing with fire.” Additionally, had Mr. Mondesir testified, he would have been subject to cross- examination. On this record, the state trial court’s denial of Mr. Mondesir’s first ineffectiveness claim was reasonable.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH] In the United States Court of Appeals For the Eleventh Circuit
____________________
No. 21-10868 Non-Argument Calendar ____________________
ROOSEVELT MONDESIR, Petitioner-Appellant, versus SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, Julie Jones, in her official capacity,
Respondent-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida D.C. Docket No. 9:18-cv-80513-RLR USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 2 of 8
2 Opinion of the Court 21-10868
Before WILSON, JORDAN, and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM: Roosevelt Mondesir, a Florida prisoner proceeding pro se, is serving a total sentence of life imprisonment after a jury found him guilty of attempted first-degree murder and domestic aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. He appeals from the district court’s denial of his habeas corpus petition, see 28 U.S.C. § 2254, and sub- sequent Rule 59(e) motion. He argues that the district court erred by failing to look through the state appellate court’s per curiam af- firmance and analyze the state trial court’s reasoning, as required by Wilson v. Sellers, 138 S. Ct. 1188 (2018). I We review de novo the district court’s denial of a habeas corpus petition. See McNair v. Campbell, 416 F.3d 1291, 1297 (11th Cir. 2005). That is, we review de novo “the district court’s decision about whether the state court acted contrary to clearly established federal law, unreasonably applied federal law, or made an unrea- sonable determination of fact.” Reed v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 593 F.3d 1217, 1239 (11th Cir. 2010) (quotation marks omitted). In reviewing the district court’s rulings, we are mindful that, in es- sence, we are reviewing the state court’s conclusions. See Peoples v. Campbell, 377 F.3d 1208, 1224 (11th Cir. 2004). Thus, although a district court’s decision is reviewed de novo, we must apply def- erence where appropriate to the final judgment of a state court. USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 3 of 8
21-10868 Opinion of the Court 3
See Reed, 593 F.3d at 1239; 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). When the last state court to decide a claim does not explain its reasoning, we look through and review the last reasoned state court decision. See Wil- son, 138 S. Ct. at 1192. Mr. Mondesir asserted several ineffective assistance of coun- sel claims. To succeed on a claim of ineffective assistance of coun- sel, a prisoner must prove two things: (1) counsel’s performance was deficient; and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced the de- fense. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). The performance prong “requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaran- teed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment.” Id. To prove the prejudice prong, a petitioner must show a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s deficient performance, the result of the pro- ceeding would have been different. See id. at 694. The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (“AEDPA”) provides that, after a state court has adjudicated a claim on the merits, a federal court may grant habeas relief only if the state court’s decision was (1) contrary to, or involved an unreason- able application of, clearly established federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court, or (2) based on an unreasonable determina- tion of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the state court proceeding. See 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d); White v. Woodall, 572 U.S. 415, 419 (2014). Our review of an ineffective assistance claim under § 2254(d) is “doubly” deferential to counsel’s performance. See Harrington USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 4 of 8
4 Opinion of the Court 21-10868
v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 105 (2011). Thus, under § 2254(d), “the question is not whether counsel’s actions were reasonable. The question is whether there is any reasonable argument that counsel satisfied Strickland’s deferential standard.” Id. II As an initial matter, the district court committed Wilson er- ror. The clear directive of Wilson is to “‘look through’ the unex- plained [state high court] decision to the last related state-court de- cision that does provide a relevant rationale.” 138 S. Ct. at 1192. Here, the last reasoned state-court decision was the state trial court’s denial of Mr. Mondesir’s Rule 3.850 motion. The district court had to “look through” the state appellate court’s per curiam affirmance to that reasoning. Instead, it endeavored to determine what “could have supported” the state appellate court’s unrea- soned decision on the merits. See Harrington, 562 U.S. at 102. Such a hypothetical analysis is not required when the state court record tells us exactly why Mr. Mondesir’s Rule 3.850 motion was denied. The district court’s failure to review the state trial court’s decision was therefore error under Wilson. As in other civil matters, a harmless error in a judgment on a § 2254 petition, which does not affect a party’s substantial rights, is not a basis for vacating or modifying that judgment. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 61. See also Williams v. Chatman, 510 F.3d 1290, 1293 (11th Cir. 2007) (affirming that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ap- ply in habeas proceedings unless they are inconsistent with appli- cable statutory law). USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 5 of 8
21-10868 Opinion of the Court 5
To prevail, therefore, Mr. Mondesir must show that the dis- trict court’s error affected his substantial rights. See Williams, 510 F.3d at 1293. If the state trial court’s denial of his claims was rea- sonable, any Wilson error by the district court was harmless. See Reed, 593 F.3d at 1239. That is the case here. First, the state trial court denied Mr. Mondesir’s claim that trial counsel was ineffective for advising him to not testify because the state could not prove premeditation. It concluded that his claim was conclusory because he did not show how his proposed testimony—that he did not intend to set the victim on fire, but upon seeing her was sent into a “blind unreasoning fury”—reason- ably would have affected the outcome of his trial. We conclude that the state trial court reasonably ruled that Mr. Mondesir cannot show prejudice under Strickland. At trial, the victim testified to an acrimonious breakup leading up to the offense, and Mr. Mondesir luring her to the gas station under false pretenses and exiting his vehicle with a machete and a gas can. Surveillance footage of the entire incident was played for the jury. The victim’s uncle testified that, on the day before the offense, Mr. Mondesir left him a voicemail saying, “your niece is playing with fire.” Additionally, had Mr. Mondesir testified, he would have been subject to cross- examination. On this record, the state trial court’s denial of Mr. Mondesir’s first ineffectiveness claim was reasonable. Second, the state trial court rejected Mr. Mondesir’s claim that trial counsel failed to argue the affirmative defenses of “heat of passion” and “voluntary abatement,” as inconsistent and not USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 6 of 8
6 Opinion of the Court 21-10868
supported by the evidence at trial. The state trial court concluded that Mr. Mondesir did not have a viable defense under Florida law, and we defer to its interpretation of state law. See Callahan v. Campbell, 427 F.3d 897, 932 (11th Cir. 2005). See also Paz v. State, 777 So. 2d 983, 984 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000) (“In order for the defense of heat of passion to be available there must be ‘adequate provocation . . . as might obscure the reason or dominate the volition of an or- dinary reasonable man.’” (citing Rivers v. State, 78 So. 343, 345 (Fla. 1918)); Smith v. State, 424 So. 2d 726, 732 (Fla. 1983) (to establish the common-law defense of abatement, “a defendant must show that he abandoned and renounced his intention to kill the victim”). Third, the state trial court denied as speculative Mr. Mondesir’s claim that trial counsel was ineffective during the guilt and penalty phases for failing to investigate his mental health is- sues. The record shows that Mr. Mondesir made threatening re- marks the day before the incident leading to the charges, doused the victim in gasoline, struggled with her as she attempted to flee before lighting her on fire, and afterwards showed remorse for his actions. Given this evidence, counsel could have reasonably be- lieved that he could not meet his burden to show that Mr. Mondesir “did not know what he . . . was doing or its conse- quences . . . [or even if he did,] that what he . . . was doing was wrong.” Fla. Stat. § 775.027(1)(b); Harrington, 562 U.S. at 105. Fur- thermore, as the state trial court noted, counsel did present miti- gating evidence at sentencing of Mr. Mondesir’s mental health USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 7 of 8
21-10868 Opinion of the Court 7
issues. As such, the state trial court’s denial of Mr. Mondesir’s third ineffectiveness claim was reasonable. Fourth, the state trial court denied as conclusory Mr. Mondesir’s claim that trial counsel failed to convey a 15-year plea offer that he allegedly would have accepted. Mr. Mondesir’s claim is refuted by the record, which shows that he rejected plea offers of 20 and 15 years from the state. See United States v. Smith, 983 F.3d 1213, 1221 (11th Cir. 2020) (to establish prejudice, a petitioner must show that he would have accepted the plea offer). As to the 15- year offer specifically, he does not refute counsel’s statement at sen- tencing that he had rejected such an offer. Accordingly, the state trial court’s denial of Mr. Mondesir’s fourth ineffectiveness claim was reasonable. Finally, the state trial court denied as procedurally barred Mr. Mondesir’s claim that the trial court imposed a vindictive sen- tence because he exercised his right to trial. Mr. Mondesir’s claim of trial court error should have been raised in the first instance on direct appeal, which he failed to do, rather than in a Rule 3.850 mo- tion. See McCrae v. State, 437 So. 2d 1388, 1390 (Fla. 1983). Addi- tionally, he does not now argue prejudice or a miscarriage of justice to attempt to overcome any procedural default. As such, the state trial court’s denial of his fifth claim as procedurally barred under state law precludes federal habeas review of that claim. See Agan v. Vaughn, 119 F.3d 1538, 1548-49 (11th Cir. 1997). Furthermore, because any Wilson error by the district court was harmless, it did USCA11 Case: 21-10868 Date Filed: 10/11/2022 Page: 8 of 8
8 Opinion of the Court 21-10868
not abuse its discretion in denying Mr. Mondesir’s Rule 59(e) mo- tion. See Arthur v. King, 500 F.3d 1335, 1343 (11th Cir. 2007). In conclusion, the district court’s Wilson error was harm- less. Mr. Mondesir cannot show that this error affected his substan- tial rights because the state trial court’s decision was not contrary to, or did not involve an unreasonable application of, clearly estab- lished federal law, or an unreasonable determination of the facts. Because any potential Wilson error on the district court’s part was harmless, it did not commit any reversible errors by denying Mr. Mondesir’s § 2254 petition and Rule 59(e) motion. Accordingly, we affirm. AFFIRMED.