Ronell Howlett v. Reed Richardson
Opinion
NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1
United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted April 4, 2018* Decided April 4, 2018
Before
DIANE P. WOOD, Chief Judge
WILLIAM J. BAUER, Circuit Judge
MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge
No. 17‐1894
RONELL HOWLETT, Appeal from the United States District Petitioner‐Appellant, Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin.
v. No. 16‐C‐261
REED RICHARDSON, William C. Griesbach, Respondent‐Appellee. Chief Judge.
O R D E R
Ronell Howlett, a Wisconsin prisoner convicted of sexual assault of a minor, appeals from the district court’s denial of his petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The district judge granted a certificate of appealability allowing him to raise on appeal the issue whether his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance. Because the Wisconsin Court of Appeals reasonably concluded that Howlett was not prejudiced by the alleged errors that he asserts his attorney made, we affirm.
* We have agreed to decide this case without oral argument because the briefs and
record adequately present the facts and legal arguments, and oral argument would not significantly aid the court. See FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
No. 17‐1894 Page 2
Howlett was a van driver for Life Skills Academy, a private elementary school operated by his parents. He was charged with three counts of first‐degree sexual assault of a minor after nine‐year‐old C.A. reported three assaults on the school van. C.A. said that on three days in May 2009, Howlett deviated from the regular route and dropped off all the other children before her. On these days, Howlett gave her a cell phone, potato chips, and a pair of headphones in exchange for sex acts.
At Howlett’s jury trial, C.A. testified about the sexual assaults, as did a member of her church, investigating officers, and some children who rode the school van. C.A.’s testimony consisted of very detailed descriptions of the assaults, using sexually explicit slang at times. Howlett testified that he never sexually assaulted C.A. He said that C.A. came to possess the cell phone that he allegedly gave her because she stole it out of the cupholder in the van. He also explained that it was normal for him to give students chips and that he would drop off C.A. last when another student on the route was not on the van that day. The jury found Howlett guilty of all three counts. He was sentenced to fifteen years’ imprisonment and six years’ extended supervision.
Howlett’s postconviction motion asserted that trial counsel should have:
(1) introduced C.A.’s school attendance records to show that there were no three consecutive calendar days in May when the assaults could have occurred; (2) impeached C.A.’s trial testimony with prior inconsistent statements (in her preliminary hearing, C.A. said that she touched Howlett’s penis with her hand for “about two seconds,” but said at trial that the contact lasted for “a minute”); (3) introduced a photograph of Howlett’s penis, which has a mole that C.A. never mentioned; (4) introduced evidence of C.A.’s propensity to lie and steal; and (5) provided an alternate explanation for how C.A. had learned the sexually explicit terms that she used to describe the assaults. Howlett also argued generally that his attorney failed to object to the state’s leading questions and hearsay testimony of a police officer and that the cumulative impact of the alleged errors amounted to ineffective assistance.
The Wisconsin postconviction court denied Howlett’s motion, reasoning that Howlett was not prejudiced by his attorney’s decision not to impeach C.A. using any of the tactics Howlett suggested. The Wisconsin Appellate Court affirmed, largely adopting the trial judge’s reasoning. The Wisconsin Supreme Court denied further review. Howlett then filed a motion for reconsideration, in which he raised new claims that his trial counsel had been ineffective for failing to present evidence that police used
No. 17‐1894 Page 3
suggestive and flawed questioning techniques with C.A. and that C.A. had sexual contact with another student. The postconviction court denied Howlett’s motion after reviewing his new claims on the merits. The Wisconsin Court of Appeals affirmed the ruling on the ground that Howlett had waived those grounds by not raising them in his original postconviction motion. See State v. Escalona‐Naranjo, 517 N.W.2d 157 (Wis. 1994). The Wisconsin Supreme Court denied a petition for review.
Howlett petitioned in federal court for a writ of habeas corpus, raising most of the issues he had raised in his state postconviction motion and motion to reconsider. The district judge determined that the state appellate court had reasonably concluded that Howlett was not prejudiced by any of his attorney’s alleged omissions, and further that Howlett’s latest two claims of attorney error were not reviewable because they had been decided on an independent state procedural ground. The judge granted Howlett a certificate of appealability, and Howlett appealed.
We cannot issue a writ of habeas corpus on a claim decided on the merits by a state court unless that decision “was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court” or was “based on an unreasonable determination of the facts.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d). The petitioner must show that the state court’s decision involved an error “well understood and comprehended in existing law beyond any possibility for fairminded disagreement.” Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 103 (2011); see Quintana v. Chandler, 723 F.3d 849, 855 (7th Cir. 2013). Where the petitioner alleges ineffective assistance of counsel, “the pivotal question is whether the state court’s application of the Strickland standard was unreasonable.” Harrington, 562 U.S. at 100; Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 691 (1984) (to succeed on claim, one must show error and prejudice).
We review the decision of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals, the last state court to rule on the merits, Jordan v. Hepp, 831 F.3d 837, 843 (7th Cir. 2016), but we note that the appellate court substantially adopted the trial court’s reasoning. We focus primarily on Strickland’s prejudice inquiry, which requires the petitioner to demonstrate a reasonable probability that, but for counselʹs errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Winston v. Boatwright, 649 F.3d 618, 625 (7th Cir. 2011). We defer to the state courtʹs assessment of the existence of a reasonable probability. Id.
Howlett contends that his attorney should have impeached C.A. with her inconsistent statements about the duration of the assaults. The appellate court determined that this omission was not prejudicial because there was only a “minute
No. 17‐1894 Page 4
difference” in C.A.’s estimate, and young children often struggle with estimations of time. We see nothing unreasonable about this analysis.
Next Howlett asserts that his attorney should have presented evidence that C.A.
learned sexually explicit terms from the “school environment”— a source other than Howlett. Howlett’s trial counsel argued only generally that children often learn bad language from television. The appellate court reasoned that expanding that defense would have mattered little, because the prosecution’s theory did not depend on how C.A. learned the language she used, nor did C.A. testify that she first learned the terms from Howlett. The source of the terms was less important than C.A.’s ability to understand them and use them to describe the assaults in detail. The appellate court’s opinion that the defense was futile does not “fall outside the bounds of reasonable judicial disagreement,” Jones v. Calloway, 842 F.3d 454, 465 (7th Cir. 2016).
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
Ronell Howlett v. Reed Richardson (Ronell Howlett v. Reed Richardson) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.