, , .
No. 94-532 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
DONALD ROBINSON, Petitioner/Appellant, -v-
STATE COMPENSATION INSURANCE FUND, insurer for ROCKY MOUNTAIN TEMPORARIES, d/b/a LABOR CONTRACTORS, Employer/Respondent.
APPEAL FROM: Workers' Compensation Court The Honorable Mike McCarter, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD: For Appellant: Laurie Wallace, Bothe & Lauridsen, Columbia Falls, Montana For Respondent: Todd Hammer, Warden, Christiansen, Johnson & Berg, Kalispell, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: February 16, 1995 Decided: April 11, 1995 Filed:
<11erk Justice Fred J. Weber delivered the Opinion of the Court.
This is an appeal from a decision of the Workers' Compensation
Court denying claimant's request for compensation. We affirm.
Appellant raises two issues on appeal:
I. Did the Workers' Compensation Court err when it found that the
claimant did not suffer an industrial injury on January 21, 1993?
II. Did the Workers' Compensation Court err when it denied the
claimant's requests for a penalty, attorney's fees, and costs?
In March of 1984, Donald Robinson (claimant) suffered a work-
related injury to his upper and lower back, neck, and shoulders.
As a result of these injuries, he had back surgery in July of 1988.
While the surgery afforded some relief, his symptoms soon returned
and were as severe as prior to surgery. Since 1988 claimant has
had chronic pain in his neck, upper back, low back, left leg and
intermittently, right leg. In November of 1991, claimant and State
Fund entered into a full and final compromise settlement with
regard to the 1984 accident. In support of settlement, claimant
filed an affidavit stating that despite his surgery he "continued
to suffer from low back pain, leg numbness, pain and tingling" and
had "chronic pain."
At trial, the forty year old claimant alleged that he suffered
another industrial injury on January 21, 1993, while working as a
temporary employee for Semi-Tool, insured by State Fund. Claimant
stated he re-injured his back while installing a roller assembly in
a furnace. He testified that he had to stand In an awkward
position on an eight foot ladder and that the ladder shifted two to
2 · {
three inches between thirty and forty times on the linoleum floor.
On four of these occasions claimant felt a "pop" in his back.
On September 24, 1993, claimant filed a Petition for Hearing
in the Workers' Compensation Court as a result of State Fund's
denial of liability for the January 21, 1993 industrial injury.
The court found that the claimant did not suffer an industrial
injury on January 21, 1993, and State Fund is not liable for the
alleged injury.
From the Workers' Compensation Court's October 14, 1994
decision, the claimant appeals.
I.
Did the Workers' Compensation Court err when it found that the
claimant had not suffered an industrial injury on January 21, 1993?
In its conclusions of law, the lower court pointed out that
claimant had the burden to show he sustained an injury and that he
failed to carry that burden. A preponderance of credible evidence
persuaded the court that "no accident in fact occurred."
Claimant argues that the court resolved the injury issue on
the basis of the claimant's credibility alone, and therefore, its
legal conclusion is erroneous as a matter of law. He cites to
Plainbull v. Transamerica (1994), 264 Mont. 120, 870 P.2d 76, in
support of his assertion that all evidence must be considered, not
simply the non-medical.
Respondent argues that substantial evidence exists to support
the findings and conclusions of the Workers' Compensation Court and
that the court employed proper legal analysis and considered both
medical and non-medical evidence and looked to factors other than
claimant's lack of credibility.
3 The standard of review applicable to appeals from Workers'
Compensation Court is to determine if substantial credible evidence
exists to support the findings. Allen v. Treasure State Plumbing
(1990), 246 Mont. 105, 803 P.2d 644.
In Plainbull, 264 Mont. at 120, 870 P.2d at 76, and Prillamen
v. Community Medical Center (1994), 264 Mont. 134, 875 P.2d 82,
this Court made it very clear that both medical and non-medical
evidence are to be considered in determining whether claimant has
met his burden of proof in demonstrating that an injury occurred at
work and caused his medical condition -- testimony of lay witnesses
is not to be ignored.
Claimant testified he told his co-workers, Chuck Winsell and
Charles Eick, that his ladder was moving and that Eick and Winsell
helped him to look for a ladder with rubber feet that would not
slide so easily. Claimant also testified that his limp was
noticeably worse by the end of the day. Neither co-worker
confirmed claimant's testimony.
Winsell stated that he could not recall anyone complaining of
a ladder slipping or sliding. Eick testified that he worked with
claimant on January 21, 1993, but denied that claimant's ladder ever skidded on the floor or that claimant said anything about the ladder being unsafe. Both Eick and claimant's supervisor, Dean
Moore, testified they did not see claimant limping. Moore knew
nothing of any problems with the ladder.
A physics teacher testified that he performed experiments
replicating the circumstances at issue and found it highly
improbable from a physics standpoint that the ladder could move as
claimant described. The court made the following specific findings
4 of fact:
13. Having listened to and observed claimant at trial, and having considered his testimony and the testimony of other witnesses, I do not find claimant's testimony credible. I find that the ladder did not skid as he asserts and that claimant did not suffer an industrial accident on January 21, 1993.
14. Claimant has also failed to persuade me by a preponderance of the credible evidence that his condition after January 21, 1993, was any different than before. In arguing that he suffered a new injury on January 21, 1993, claimant relies on Dr. Joern's opinion that he suffered an aggravation of his preexisting back condition. That testimony, however, assumed claimant's accident report to be true. Moreover, it was principally based on Dr. Joern' s understanding that after January 21, 1993, the claimant was experiencing new complaints relating to his right leg, whereas claimant's complaints prior to January 21, 1993, had predominantly related to his left leg.
Prior to September of 1992, claimant was treated by Dr. John
V. Stephens in consultation with other physicians. Dr. Stephens
referred to notes of November 1989 stating that claimant
experienced pain radiating from his lower back to both legs, the
left more so than the right.
Physical therapy reports admitted into evidence indicated
bilateral leg and foot pain in May, June, July, and October of
1989. In November of 1989, the physical therapists noted an
increase of bilateral pain. Five months later, the therapists
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, , .
No. 94-532 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
DONALD ROBINSON, Petitioner/Appellant, -v-
STATE COMPENSATION INSURANCE FUND, insurer for ROCKY MOUNTAIN TEMPORARIES, d/b/a LABOR CONTRACTORS, Employer/Respondent.
APPEAL FROM: Workers' Compensation Court The Honorable Mike McCarter, Judge presiding.
COUNSEL OF RECORD: For Appellant: Laurie Wallace, Bothe & Lauridsen, Columbia Falls, Montana For Respondent: Todd Hammer, Warden, Christiansen, Johnson & Berg, Kalispell, Montana
Submitted on Briefs: February 16, 1995 Decided: April 11, 1995 Filed:
<11erk Justice Fred J. Weber delivered the Opinion of the Court.
This is an appeal from a decision of the Workers' Compensation
Court denying claimant's request for compensation. We affirm.
Appellant raises two issues on appeal:
I. Did the Workers' Compensation Court err when it found that the
claimant did not suffer an industrial injury on January 21, 1993?
II. Did the Workers' Compensation Court err when it denied the
claimant's requests for a penalty, attorney's fees, and costs?
In March of 1984, Donald Robinson (claimant) suffered a work-
related injury to his upper and lower back, neck, and shoulders.
As a result of these injuries, he had back surgery in July of 1988.
While the surgery afforded some relief, his symptoms soon returned
and were as severe as prior to surgery. Since 1988 claimant has
had chronic pain in his neck, upper back, low back, left leg and
intermittently, right leg. In November of 1991, claimant and State
Fund entered into a full and final compromise settlement with
regard to the 1984 accident. In support of settlement, claimant
filed an affidavit stating that despite his surgery he "continued
to suffer from low back pain, leg numbness, pain and tingling" and
had "chronic pain."
At trial, the forty year old claimant alleged that he suffered
another industrial injury on January 21, 1993, while working as a
temporary employee for Semi-Tool, insured by State Fund. Claimant
stated he re-injured his back while installing a roller assembly in
a furnace. He testified that he had to stand In an awkward
position on an eight foot ladder and that the ladder shifted two to
2 · {
three inches between thirty and forty times on the linoleum floor.
On four of these occasions claimant felt a "pop" in his back.
On September 24, 1993, claimant filed a Petition for Hearing
in the Workers' Compensation Court as a result of State Fund's
denial of liability for the January 21, 1993 industrial injury.
The court found that the claimant did not suffer an industrial
injury on January 21, 1993, and State Fund is not liable for the
alleged injury.
From the Workers' Compensation Court's October 14, 1994
decision, the claimant appeals.
I.
Did the Workers' Compensation Court err when it found that the
claimant had not suffered an industrial injury on January 21, 1993?
In its conclusions of law, the lower court pointed out that
claimant had the burden to show he sustained an injury and that he
failed to carry that burden. A preponderance of credible evidence
persuaded the court that "no accident in fact occurred."
Claimant argues that the court resolved the injury issue on
the basis of the claimant's credibility alone, and therefore, its
legal conclusion is erroneous as a matter of law. He cites to
Plainbull v. Transamerica (1994), 264 Mont. 120, 870 P.2d 76, in
support of his assertion that all evidence must be considered, not
simply the non-medical.
Respondent argues that substantial evidence exists to support
the findings and conclusions of the Workers' Compensation Court and
that the court employed proper legal analysis and considered both
medical and non-medical evidence and looked to factors other than
claimant's lack of credibility.
3 The standard of review applicable to appeals from Workers'
Compensation Court is to determine if substantial credible evidence
exists to support the findings. Allen v. Treasure State Plumbing
(1990), 246 Mont. 105, 803 P.2d 644.
In Plainbull, 264 Mont. at 120, 870 P.2d at 76, and Prillamen
v. Community Medical Center (1994), 264 Mont. 134, 875 P.2d 82,
this Court made it very clear that both medical and non-medical
evidence are to be considered in determining whether claimant has
met his burden of proof in demonstrating that an injury occurred at
work and caused his medical condition -- testimony of lay witnesses
is not to be ignored.
Claimant testified he told his co-workers, Chuck Winsell and
Charles Eick, that his ladder was moving and that Eick and Winsell
helped him to look for a ladder with rubber feet that would not
slide so easily. Claimant also testified that his limp was
noticeably worse by the end of the day. Neither co-worker
confirmed claimant's testimony.
Winsell stated that he could not recall anyone complaining of
a ladder slipping or sliding. Eick testified that he worked with
claimant on January 21, 1993, but denied that claimant's ladder ever skidded on the floor or that claimant said anything about the ladder being unsafe. Both Eick and claimant's supervisor, Dean
Moore, testified they did not see claimant limping. Moore knew
nothing of any problems with the ladder.
A physics teacher testified that he performed experiments
replicating the circumstances at issue and found it highly
improbable from a physics standpoint that the ladder could move as
claimant described. The court made the following specific findings
4 of fact:
13. Having listened to and observed claimant at trial, and having considered his testimony and the testimony of other witnesses, I do not find claimant's testimony credible. I find that the ladder did not skid as he asserts and that claimant did not suffer an industrial accident on January 21, 1993.
14. Claimant has also failed to persuade me by a preponderance of the credible evidence that his condition after January 21, 1993, was any different than before. In arguing that he suffered a new injury on January 21, 1993, claimant relies on Dr. Joern's opinion that he suffered an aggravation of his preexisting back condition. That testimony, however, assumed claimant's accident report to be true. Moreover, it was principally based on Dr. Joern' s understanding that after January 21, 1993, the claimant was experiencing new complaints relating to his right leg, whereas claimant's complaints prior to January 21, 1993, had predominantly related to his left leg.
Prior to September of 1992, claimant was treated by Dr. John
V. Stephens in consultation with other physicians. Dr. Stephens
referred to notes of November 1989 stating that claimant
experienced pain radiating from his lower back to both legs, the
left more so than the right.
Physical therapy reports admitted into evidence indicated
bilateral leg and foot pain in May, June, July, and October of
1989. In November of 1989, the physical therapists noted an
increase of bilateral pain. Five months later, the therapists
noted that claimant "has constant pain in the left leg and intermittent pain in the right. Over the last 1 1/2 months he has noted weakness in his legs and has trouble going down stairs."
Further medical documentation reported that, in May of 1990,
claimant's pain radiated on the right side down to the knee.
During a September 1990 pain clinic evaluation, a physiatrist noted
that claimant reported back pain radiation into both legs and feels
5 like "sciatic pain".
In December of the same year the physical therapist reported
that claimant continues to have chronic low back pain and tightness
into both legs. Similar statements were reported in 1991 and 1992.
Claimant's physical therapist noted in subsequent reports that the
claimant felt as much pain in his right leg as in his left. Again,
on January 13, 1993, claimant reported "exquisite pain in his low
back and into both of his legs."
Dr. Randale Sechrest, an orthopedic surgeon, testified that
after examining the claimant and reviewing his medical records,
claimant's "current condition stems directly to his original
injury. " As to claimant's current condition, the court concluded:
In light of the claimant's medical history, including a clear report of exquisite pain in both legs just eight days prior to his alleged injury, and claimant's lack of candor concerning his prior history, I find Dr. Sechrest's testimony persuasive. I conclude, as a matter of fact, that claimant's preexisting condition was progressively deteriorating and that his condition after January 21, 1993, was no different than before that date.
Claimant's suggestions that the lower court simply considered
credibility on his part is not true. Claimant recites various
evidence in support of his claim but never actually deals with the specific medical and non-medical evidentiary statements cited by
the court refuting his claim. We do not find this persuasive.
We hold that substantial evidence exists to support the
findings of the Workers' Compensation Court and the court did not
err when it found that the claimant had not suffered an industrial
injury on January 21, 1993.
II.
6 Did the Workers' Compensation Court err when it denied the
claimant's requests for a penalty, attorney's fees, and costs?
Claimant based the requests solely on this Court's reversal of
the lower court's findings and conclusions. Attorney fees are not
recoverable as costs by the prevailing party in the absence of
contractual agreement or specific statutory authority. Whiner v.
Jonal Corp. (1976), 169 Mont. 247, 545 P.2d 1094, and other cases
cited. We hold that the Workers' Compensation Court did not err in
its denial of claimant's requests for a penalty, attorney's fees,
and costs.
Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court
1988 Internal Operating Rules, this decision shall not be cited as
precedent and shall be published by its filing as a public document
with the Clerk of this Court and by a report of its result to the
West Publishing Company.
Affirmed.