An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.
NO. COA13-1210 NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS Filed: 5 August 2014 LAURA H. ROBERTS (now Huckabee), Plaintiff
Durham County v. No. 09 CVD 0307
JOHN B. ROBERTS, Defendant
Appeal by defendant from order entered 2 July 2013 by Judge
James T. Hill in Durham County District Court. Heard in the
Court of Appeals 18 February 2014.
Brock & Meece, P.A., by Paul B. Brock, for Plaintiff.
Smith, James, Rowlett & Cohen, LLP, by Norman B. Smith, for Defendant.
ERVIN, Judge.
Defendant John B. Roberts appeals from an order denying his
motion for the restoration of his visitation and custody rights
and granting Plaintiff Laura H. Roberts’ motion that Defendant
be held in contempt. On appeal, Defendant argues that the trial
court erred by permanently ending his visitation with his minor
children and by holding him in contempt of court for having
filed an independent civil action in the Orange County Superior -2- Court. After careful consideration of Defendant’s challenges to
the trial court’s order in light of the record and the
applicable law, we conclude that Defendant’s appeal from the
trial court’s contempt decision is not properly before us and
that the trial court’s visitation decision should be affirmed.
I. Factual Background
Plaintiff and Defendant were married on 8 August 1998,
separated on or about 30 December 2008, and were granted an
absolute divorce on 17 February 2010. The parties are the
parents of two minor children, Martin and Wendy.1
On 20 March 2009, Plaintiff filed a complaint in Durham
County District Court asserting, among other things, claims for
custody and support against Defendant. Defendant filed an
answer and counterclaim on 5 May 2009 in which he sought, among
other relief, joint custody of the children. In a memorandum of
judgment filed on 11 May 2009, which was confirmed by a consent
order entered on 20 May 2009, Plaintiff and Defendant were
awarded joint custody of the children on a temporary basis, with
the children to reside with Plaintiff, to spend alternate
weekends with Defendant, to have overnight visits with Defendant
on alternate Wednesdays, and to spend designated vacation
periods with Defendant. 1 “Martin” and “Wendy” are pseudonyms which will be used for ease of reading and to protect the children’s privacy. -3- On 2 July 2009 and 28 October 2009, respectively, Plaintiff
filed motions to have a psychological evaluation of Defendant
performed and a motion to have Defendant held in contempt and
for temporary custody of the children. On 29 October 2009, an
order appointing Dr. Conrad Fulkerson to evaluate Defendant’s
mental status was entered. After completing his evaluation, Dr.
Fulkerson opined that Defendant suffered from Type I Bipolar
Disorder; that Defendant had a substance abuse disorder that
was, at that time, in remission; and that he had a diagnosable
personality disorder. Although Dr. Fulkerson acknowledged that
an assessment of Defendant’s capacity to co-parent his children
exceeded the scope of his assignment, he believed that
Defendant’s relationship with Plaintiff appeared to be
sufficiently dysfunctional to raise concerns about the
children’s welfare. According to Dr. Fulkerson, “more extensive
treatment, including adequate and very careful monitoring of
medication treatment, would be necessary” given Defendant’s
diagnosis.
On 21 January 2010, a consent order providing that the
parties would continue to have joint legal custody of the
children, with Plaintiff having primary physical custody and
Defendant having the right to visit with the children every
other weekend, overnight or at dinner on alternate Wednesday -4- nights, and during specified vacation periods, was entered. In
addition, the consent order provided that Defendant’s ability to
visit with the children was dependent upon his compliance with
Dr. Fulkerson’s mental health treatment recommendations and a
requirement that Defendant participate in regular psychiatric
treatment and provide Plaintiff with quarterly written
verification that he was in compliance with this requirement.
Finally, the consent order provided that:
Neither party shall discuss with the minor children the content of the children’s discussions with [their therapist,] Ms. [Teresa] McInerney, nor shall either party instruct the minor children as to what they should discuss with or tell Ms. McInerney. Interference with the minor children’s therapy with Ms. McInerney shall constitute grounds for modification of this Court’s order regarding the minor children. Neither party shall attempt or condone any attempt, either directly or indirectly, to estrange either child from the other party, or to impair the natural love and affection between the parent and children.
On 19 August 2010, a consent order providing that Defendant’s
treating psychiatrist should send a letter to Plaintiff’s
attorney on a quarterly basis identifying the dates upon which
Defendant attended his mandatory therapy sessions and providing
updated information concerning the progress that Defendant was
making in therapy and the extent of his compliance with random
drug testing was entered. -5- On 28 October 2010, Plaintiff filed a motion seeking to
have Defendant held in contempt, to modify the existing
visitation arrangement, and to restrict Defendant’s access to
the children pending the provision of assurances that Defendant
did not pose a danger to the children, with this request being
predicated on an assertion that Defendant had repeatedly
attempted to interfere with the therapy being provided to the
children and had attempted to intimidate Ms. McInerney. After a
hearing held on 31 January 2011, the trial court entered an
order on 2 February 2011 finding Defendant in contempt based
upon his treatment of Ms. McInerney and his conduct in making
disparaging remarks to the children about Plaintiff. In the 2
February 2011 order, the trial court modified the existing
visitation arrangement by requiring that Defendant’s visitation
with the children be supervised by one or both of his parents.
Defendant’s visitation rights remained contingent upon his
compliance with the requirements set forth in previous orders,
including the requirement that Defendant not make any
disparaging remarks to the children concerning Plaintiff or
interfere with the children’s therapy.
On 17 February 2011, Plaintiff filed a motion seeking the
entry of an emergency order suspending Defendant’s visitation
based upon a letter from his psychiatrist which indicated that -6- Defendant had not received treatment since November 2010. In
addition, Plaintiff alleged that Defendant’s parents had not
been present during Defendant’s visits with the children, that
Defendant had been making allegations against Plaintiff to the
children, that Defendant had been acting in an erratic and
otherwise troublesome manner, and that the children’s best
interests would not be served by allowing them to be in
Defendant’s presence when he was not receiving mental health
treatment. On that same day, Judge Hill entered an ex parte
order suspending Defendant’s visitation pending a hearing to be
held on 28 February 2011.
After the 28 February 2011 hearing, during which Ms.
McInerney provided information to the trial court in chambers,
the trial court entered an order on 1 March 2011 finding as fact
that the children’s best interests would be served by remaining
in therapy with Ms. McInerney and ordering that the relief
granted in the 17 February 2011 ex parte order remain in effect.
After a hearing held on 9 March 2011, the trial court entered an
order finding that Defendant was in contempt based upon his
failure to pay past due child support and certain fees that were
owing for Ms. McInerney’s services and ordering Defendant to
refrain from contacting the minor children “except as authorized
by the children’s therapist, the Plaintiff’s family, . . . or -7- the Plaintiff’s counsel.” On 15 June 2011, the trial court
entered an order providing that Defendant be incarcerated in the
Durham County jail for a period not to exceed 90 days based upon
his failure to comply with the 9 March 2011 order.
On 23 March 2012, Defendant filed a motion seeking to have
the trial court disqualified from further participation in this
case based upon allegations that the trial court was biased
against him. On the same date, Defendant filed a motion seeking
to have his visitation and custody rights restored on the
grounds that he had become compliant with the trial court’s
orders and that the best interests of the children would be
served by resuming visitation.
On 25 April 2012, Plaintiff filed a response to Defendant’s
disqualification motion. After holding a hearing with respect
to the issues raised by Defendant’s disqualification motion on 1
May 2012, Judge Doretta Walker entered an order denying
Defendant’s motion on 3 January 2013.
After Plaintiff filed a response to Defendant’s motion for
the restoration of his visitation rights, a hearing concerning
that subject was held before the trial court on 19 July 2012.
At the hearing, Plaintiff presented the report from Dr.
Fulkerson while Defendant presented the testimony of Dr. Mark
Moffett, who stated that Defendant had been his patient for -8- approximately one year and that, in his opinion, Defendant had
an adjustment disorder with disturbances of mood and anxiety or
depression characteristic of a narcissistic personality
disorder. Dr. Moffett saw no evidence that Defendant was
currently using drugs or abusing alcohol or that Defendant
suffered from a bipolar disorder, although he could not
completely rule out the possibility that Defendant suffered from
such a disorder. Finally, Dr. Moffett testified that, while he
had seen no evidence that Defendant posed a danger to his
children, he could not formulate an opinion concerning the
extent to which Defendant could safely be in his children’s
presence and that long term psychotherapy would be Defendant’s
optimal treatment option.
At the 19 June 2012 hearing, Defendant testified that his
communications with his children had been limited to phone calls
initiated by his children and monitored by Plaintiff, that he
wanted to visit with the children, and that, as far as he knew,
the children wanted to visit with him. Defendant denied that he
currently used alcohol to excess and claimed that he had never
physically harmed the children or abused them in any way. At
the conclusion of Defendant’s testimony, Plaintiff moved to
dismiss Defendant’s motion for insufficiency of the evidence to
support an award of the relief that Defendant had requested. -9- On 16 August 2012, the trial court entered an order
granting Plaintiff’s motion to dismiss Defendant’s motion. In
its order, the trial court found as fact that Defendant had
failed to remain in regular treatment with a psychiatrist on an
ongoing basis given that he not seen his psychiatrist since
March 2012; that Defendant had failed to submit to random drug
testing under psychiatric supervision; and that Defendant had
failed to verify in writing that he was actively involved in,
and compliant with, the required psychiatric treatment.
On 7 February 2013, Defendant filed another motion seeking
the restoration of his custody and visitation rights.
Defendant’s motion was accompanied by seven verifications
relating to the psychiatric treatment that Defendant had
received from Dr. Moffett and evidence that Defendant had
submitted to medically supervised drug tests. In his motion,
Defendant stated that he had been in regular treatment with his
psychiatrist, that he had provided the required written
verification of his active participation in psychiatric
treatment, and that he had been submitting to random drug tests.
According to Defendant, this evidence supported a determination
that there had been a substantial change in circumstances
sufficient to justify restoration of Defendant’s custody and
visitation rights. -10- On 27 March 2013, Plaintiff filed a motion seeking to have
Defendant held in contempt based on allegations that Defendant
had interfered with the children’s therapy by filing a separate
civil action against Ms. McInerney in the Orange County Superior
Court in which he asserted claims for infliction of emotional
distress, conspiracy, and interference with familial rights.
Although the Orange County action against Ms. McInerney was
dismissed, Ms. McInerney had incurred substantial legal fees in
the course of defending herself against Defendant’s claims.
A hearing was held on 1-2 May 2013 for the purpose of
considering Defendant’s motion for the restoration of his
custody and visitation rights and Plaintiff’s motion to have
Defendant held in contempt. At the hearing, Ms. McInerney
testified that Defendant had been instructing the children to
refrain from trusting or talking to her and that Martin was
distressed by false statements that Defendant had made to him.
According to Ms. McInerney, the children were thriving, doing
well academically, and had an appropriate set of friendships and
stated that, in her clinical opinion, the children’s best
interests would be served by leaving the existing visitation
schedule unchanged.
Defendant, on the other hand, testified that he had never
physically harmed the children and that he had tried in every -11- possible way to comply with the trial court’s orders. Defendant
promised to refrain from making negative comments about
Plaintiff in the presence of the children or recording anything
said by the children or any other party. Finally, Defendant
promised to comply with any order that the trial court might
enter in order to ensure that he had the ability to visit with
his children.
With the consent of the parties, the trial court
interviewed Martin in chambers in Ms. McInerney’s presence.
Although Martin expressed love for both of his parents, he
indicated that he did not believe that it would be beneficial
for him to see Defendant. Martin stated that he had nightmares
about Defendant, that Defendant made negative comments about
Plaintiff during their conversations, and that he did not want
to see Defendant.
Similarly, the trial court heard testimony from Ms.
McInerney concerning Defendant’s last communication with Wendy,
which took the form of a phone conversation that Ms. McInerney
monitored. During that conversation, Defendant made negative
statements about Wendy’s school, stated that she was a “bad
reader,” and implied that her alleged academic deficiencies
stemmed from sadness over her inability to see Defendant. As a -12- result of the fact that this phone conversation had been very
upsetting, Wendy had not requested to speak to Defendant again.
On 2 July 2013, the trial court entered an order denying
Defendant’s motion for restoration of his custody and visitation
rights and granting Plaintiff’s contempt motion. Defendant
noted an appeal to this Court from the 2 July 2013 order and
orders that the trial court had previously entered on 16 August
2012, 19 July 2012, and 17 February 2011. On 7 October 2013,
the trial court entered an order dismissing all of Defendant’s
appeals except the one that he had noted from the 2 July 2013
order on the grounds that those appeals been taken in an
untimely manner.
II. Substantive Legal Analysis
A. Request for Certiorari Review of Earlier Orders
As an initial matter, we must consider Defendant’s request
that this Court review his challenges to the 17 February 2011,
19 July 2012, and 16 August 2012 orders utilizing our certiorari
jurisdiction. However, Defendant has not advanced any challenge
to the 19 July 2012 or 16 August 2012 orders in his brief. In
addition, although Defendant alludes to the 17 February 2011, 1
March 2011, and 9 March 2011 orders in his brief, he has not
cited any authority in support of his apparent contention that
he should receive relief from these orders on appeal. Finally, -13- Defendant has failed to offer any explanation for his failure to
note an appeal from any of these orders in a timely manner. As
a result, in spite of the fact that this Court has the
authority, in the exercise of it discretion, to issue a writ of
certiorari where a defendant’s “right to prosecute an appeal has
been lost by failure to take timely action,” N.C. R. App. P.
21(a), we elect to refrain from exercising that authority given
Defendant’s unexplained delay in failing to challenge the
validity of those orders on appeal and his failure to provide
any compelling basis for believing that those orders are
affected by any error of law. As a result, the only order
properly before this Court on appeal is the 2 July 2013 order.
B. Challenges to the 2 July 2013 Order
1. Contempt Decision
In his first challenge to the trial court’s order,
Defendant contends that the trial court erred by holding
Defendant in contempt on the grounds that he filed a separate
civil action against Ms. McInerney in Orange County Superior
Court. More specifically, Defendant argues that the trial court
erred in the course of holding him in contempt given that the
trial court lacked the authority to order him to pay attorney’s
fees in a contempt proceeding, that the underlying order that
Defendant was alleged to have violated was unclear, that the -14- trial court failed to provide Defendant with required procedural
protections, and that sanctioning Defendant for filing a
separate civil action violated his constitutional right to have
access to the courts. Defendant’s appeal from the trial court’s
contempt decision is not properly before us.
Contempt may be either civil or criminal in nature, Watson
v. Watson, 187 N.C. App. 55, 61, 652 S.E.2d 310, 315 (2007),
disc. review denied, 362 N.C. 373, 662 S.E.2d 551 (2008), with
the distinction between criminal and civil contempt having been
described as “hazy at best.” O’Briant v. O’Briant, 313 N.C.
432, 434, 329 S.E.2d 370, 372 (1985). “‘A major factor in
determining whether contempt is criminal or civil is the purpose
for which the power is exercised.’” Watson, 187 N.C. App. at
61, 652 S.E.2d at 315 (quoting Bishop v. Bishop, 90 N.C. App.
499, 503, 369 S.E.2d 106, 108 (1988)). “Criminal contempt is
administered as punishment for acts already committed that have
impeded the administration of justice in some way[,]” Brower v.
Brower, 70 N.C. App. 131, 133, 318 S.E.2d 542, 544 (1984), while
the purpose of civil contempt is to coerce compliance with a
court order. Scott v. Scott, 157 N.C. App. 382, 393, 579 S.E.2d
431, 438 (2003). In the event that “a party may avoid the
contempt sentence or fine by performing the acts required in the
court order, the contempt is best characterized as civil.” -15- Watson, 187 N.C. App. at 61, 652 S.E.2d at 315. While civil
contempt orders entered in the District Court are properly
appealed from the District Court to this Court, criminal
appealed from the District Court to the Superior Court. N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 5A-17; N.C. Gen. Stat. § 5A-24; Hancock v. Hancock,
122 N.C. App. 518, 522, 471 S.E.2d 415, 418 (1996).
Although the parties to this case disagree about the proper
resolution of many issues, they do agree that the trial court’s
contempt order constituted an exercise of the trial court’s
criminal, rather than civil, contempt authority. As we have
already noted, the contempt order that Defendant seeks to
challenge on appeal found Defendant in contempt for interfering
with the therapy that Ms. McInerney was providing to the
children by filing a separate civil action against her in the
Orange County Superior Court. As a result, the trial court’s
contempt order sanctioned Defendant for an “act[] already
committed that [] impeded the administration of justice in some
way.” Brower, 70 N.C. App. at 133, 318 S.E.2d at 544. In
addition, the contempt order at issue here did not contain any
provision describing the manner in which Defendant could purge
himself of the contempt, a component that should be contained in
all civil contempt orders. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 5A-23(e). Thus, -16- since the trial court’s order involved the imposition of
sanctions for criminal contempt and since any appeal from the
trial court’s contempt order should have been taken from the
District Court to the Superior Court rather than to this Court,
Defendant’s challenge to the trial court’s contempt order is not
properly before us. Hancock, 122 N.C. App. at 522, 471 S.E.2d
at 418. As a result, we have no authority to disturb the trial
court’s contempt order and will refrain from doing so.
2. Visitation Decision
Secondly, Defendant contends that the trial court erred by
denying his motion for restoration of his custody and visitation
rights. More specifically, Defendant argues that the trial
court’s decision amounted to a complete termination of his
fundamental right to parent his children in the absence of a
finding that Defendant was an unfit parent and that Defendant
had made the required showing that a change in circumstances
sufficient to support the restoration of his visitation rights
had occurred. We do not find Defendant’s arguments persuasive.
a. Standard of Review
“When reviewing a trial court’s decision to grant or deny a
motion for the modification of an existing child custody order,
the appellate courts must examine the trial court’s findings of
fact to determine whether they are supported by substantial -17- evidence,” Shipman v. Shipman, 357 N.C. 471, 474, 586 S.E.2d
250, 253 (2003), with substantial evidence being “such relevant
evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to
support a conclusion.” Id. at 474, 586 S.E.2d at 253. “In
addition to evaluating whether a trial court’s findings of fact
are supported by substantial evidence, this Court must determine
if the trial court’s factual findings support its conclusions of
law.” Id. at 475, 586 S.E.2d at 254. “[T]he trial court is
vested with broad discretion in cases involving child custody,”
so that its decision will not be reversed on appeal absent a
clear showing of abuse of discretion. Pulliam v. Smith, 348
N.C. 616, 624–25, 501 S.E.2d 898, 902 (1998). “The same
standards that apply to changes in custody determinations are
also applied to changes in visitation determinations.” Simmons
v. Arriola, 160 N.C. App. 671, 674, 586 S.E.2d 809, 811 (2003)
(citing Clark v. Clark, 294 N.C. 554, 575-76, 243 S.E.2d 129,
142 (1978)); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50–13.1(a) (stating that,
“[u]nless a contrary intent is clear, the word ‘custody’ shall
be deemed to include custody or visitation or both”). We will
now review Defendant’s challenges to the trial court’s
visitation decision in light of the applicable standard of
review.
b. Relevant Legal Principles -18- A person seeking to obtain the modification of an existing
custody or visitation order must make a “motion in the cause and
a showing of changed circumstances by either party or anyone
interested[.]” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 50–13.7(a). “[B]efore a trial
court may modify an existing custody order the trial court must
determine that a substantial change of circumstances has
occurred and that the change has affected the children’s
welfare.” Davis v. Davis, __ N.C. App. __, __, 748 S.E.2d 594,
600 (2013). In such a modification proceeding, “the moving
party has the burden of proving a ‘nexus’ between the changed
circumstances and the welfare of the child in order for the
trial court to determine that a child [custody] order may be
modified.” Warner v. Brickhouse, 189 N.C. App. 445, 454, 658
S.E.2d 313, 319 (2008). “If the trial court concludes either
that a substantial change has not occurred or that a substantial
change did occur but that it did not affect the minor child’s
welfare, the court’s examination ends, and no modification can
be ordered.” Shipman, 357 N.C. at 474, 586 S.E.2d at 253.
c. Analysis of Visitation Decision
In the course of denying Defendant’s request for the
restoration of his visitation rights, the trial court made the
following findings of fact:
13. This Court finds as a fact that no substantial and material change -19- affecting the welfare of the minor children has occurred since the entry of the last Order.
14. The Court interviewed [Martin] in chambers, with the consent of the parents, with Ms. McInerney present. [Martin] is of a suitable age and discretion to speak to the court about his custodial arrangement. [Martin] loves both of his parents, but he expressed to the Court that he has no desire to see the Defendant.
15. This Court finds as a fact that the Defendant has made negative comments about the Plaintiff and her family in the presence of [Martin]. [Martin] shared some of these comments with the Court.
16. This Court finds as a fact that the Defendant, when the minor children were in his custody, would go outside of the house in the middle of the night to go outside in the yard to talk on the phone, leaving the children unattended in the house.
17. This Court finds as a fact that [Martin] has had nightmares about his father coming to get him.
18. The Defendant’s last contact with the minor children was with [Wendy] in the fall of 2012. Said phone call was monitored by Ms. McInerney and [Wendy] was in good spirits prior to the phone call. During the phone conversation, the Defendant made negative statements about [Wendy’s] school and her attending the Hill Center. He implied that she was not able to be a good student when she was sad about not being able to see her father. [Wendy’s] attendance at the Hill Center -20- is in the minor child’s best interest and the conversation was very upsetting to the child, especially when the Defendant stated that she was a “bad reader.” [Wendy] has not requested to speak to her father since this conversation occurred.
19. The Plaintiff and her family have a good relationship with the minor children and the Court commends the Plaintiff and her family for their care of the children. Both children are doing well in school and are well- adjusted, active children.
20. Pursuant to this Court’s Order entered February 2, 2011, which states in relevant part, “This Court will reconsider Defendant’s visitation schedule at such time that the Court can hear from the minor children’s court-appointed therapist, Teresa M. McInerney, LCSW upon proper notice to the parties,” Ms. McInerney was asked her professional opinion. Ms. McInerney testified and this Court finds as a fact that changing the visitation schedule was not in the minor children’s best interest.
21. The Defendant’s conduct, words, and actions have inflicted tremendous harm on the minor children. The fact that the children have been so well adjusted and are thriving is a positive reflection on the efforts of the Plaintiff, her family, and Ms. McInerney.
Based upon these findings of fact, the trial court concluded as
a matter of law that the prior orders suspending Defendant’s -21- visitation with the children should remain in effect subject to
further order of the Court.
A careful review of the record establishes that each of the
relevant findings of fact has adequate evidentiary support. The
trial court’s findings were supported by testimony from Ms.
McInerney, who stated that a change in the existing visitation
schedule would not be in the children’s best interest; by
Martin’s statement that he had no desire to see Defendant and
has had nightmares about Defendant coming to get him; and by the
evidence concerning Defendant’s last conversation with Wendy,
during which she became very upset and after which she requested
that she not be allowed to speak with Defendant again. In
addition, the undisputed record evidence showed that the
children have been doing well both academically and socially.
As a result, we hold that the trial court’s findings of fact
have adequate evidentiary support and support the trial court’s
conclusion of law to the effect that no substantial change in
circumstances affecting the children’s welfare had occurred
since the entry of the last visitation order and that no change
in the existing visitation arrangements should be made.
In seeking to persuade us to reach a different result,
Defendant contends that the trial court should have found a
substantial change in circumstances based upon Defendant’s -22- testimony that he no longer abused drugs and alcohol, that he
was seeking treatment for his mental health issues, and that he
had promised to comply with any protective rules that the trial
court deemed appropriate. In support of this argument,
Defendant cites this Court’s decision in Simpson v. Simpson, 149
N.C. App. 440, 562 S.E.2d 447 (2002), for the proposition that
overcoming a drug dependency can support a substantial change in
circumstances. In Simpson, however, the defendant adduced
evidence that the substantial changes that had occurred in his
life had served to benefit his child “emotionally, physically,
intellectually, and medically,” Simpson, 149 N.C. App. at 446,
562 S.E.2d at 450, while Defendant has made no such showing in
this case. As a result of the fact that the trial court has the
ultimate responsibility for performing the factfinding function,
the fact that “the moving party has the burden of proving a
‘nexus’ between the changed circumstances and the welfare of the
child,” Warner, 189 N.C. App. at 454, 658 S.E.2d at 319, and the
fact that Defendant has failed to adduce evidence demonstrating
the existence of the required “nexus,” we hold that the trial
court did not err by failing to modify the existing visitation
arrangement in light of Defendant’s claim to have overcome his
earlier drug and alcohol problems.2
2 In addition, Defendant argues that he should be absolved -23- In addition, Defendant contends that the trial court’s
order was tantamount to a complete termination of the parental
relationship between Defendant and his children and that such a
result would be improper in the absence of a determination,
which the trial court did not make, that Defendant was unfit to
parent his children. In support of this contention, Defendant
vigorously asserts that, under the existing visitation
arrangement, all of the contacts that he is allowed to initiate
with the children must be facilitated by Ms. McInerney, who had
refused to do anything to assist in that process. We are not,
however, persuaded by Defendant’s characterization of the trial
court’s order given the court’s continuing ability to modify the
existing visitation arrangement in the future in the event that
Defendant is able to make the required showing that a
substantial change in circumstances affecting the children’s
welfare has occurred. Warner, 189 N.C. App. at 454, 658 S.E.2d
at 319. For that reason, the fact that the trial court did not
find that Defendant was an unfit parent has no bearing on the
from the responsibility for showing the existence of a substantial change in circumstances affecting the children’s welfare given that the trial court’s earlier visitation orders were affected with legal error despite the fact that those orders were not appealed in a timely fashion and remained in effect at the time of the hearing held with respect to Defendant’s second modification motion. Defendant has not, however, cited any support for this proposition, and we know of none. -24- validity of its decision to deny Defendant’s request for
modification of the existing visitation arrangement. As a
result, since none of Defendant’s challenges to the trial
court’s visitation decision have merit, that portion of the 2
July 2013 order must be affirmed.
III. Conclusion
Thus, for the reasons set forth above, we conclude that
Defendant’s challenge to the trial court’s contempt decision is
not properly before us and that none of Defendant’s challenges
to the trial court’s visitation decision have merit. As a
result, the trial court’s order should be, and hereby is,
affirmed.
Judges McGEE and STEELMAN concur.
Report per Rule 30(e).