Rivero v. State

35 So. 3d 183, 2010 Fla. App. LEXIS 7610, 2010 WL 2186196
District Court of Appeal of Florida·Decided June 2, 2010·No. 3D08-2572·Published·Cited by 6 cases

Opinions

ROTHENBERG, J.

We affirm Roberto Paz Rivero’s convictions for burglary of an unoccupied structure, petit theft, and felony criminal mischief based on our findings that: the DNA evidence and related testimony were sufficient to support the finding that the defendant committed the burglary; and the trial court did not abuse its discretion in limiting defense counsel’s voir dire, or commit manifest error by failing to strike a juror for cause.

THE CIRCUMSTANTIAL DNA EVIDENCE

The defendant asserts that the circumstantial DNA evidence found at the crime scene was insufficient to rebut his reasonable hypothesis of innocence. The defendant correctly notes that circumstantial evidence, such as DNA evidence and fingerprints, “may support a conviction only if it is consistent with guilt and inconsistent with any reasonable hypothesis of innocence.” State v. Law, 559 So.2d 187, 188 (Fla.1989).

We also agree with the defendant that where the State relies on circumstantial evidence found at a crime scene to establish the defendant’s identity, the circumstances must be such that the evidence could have been left only at the time the crime was committed. Tirko v. State, 138 So.2d 388, 389 (Fla. 3d DCA 1962). However, where fingerprints or other evidence is found in an area generally not open to the public, we have upheld convictions in circumstantial evidence cases. For example, this Court found in Rosario v. State, [185] 406 So.2d 106 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981), a circumstantial evidence case, that the defendant’s fingerprints, which were found on liquor bottles located behind the bar of a burglarized restaurant, in an area where the public had no access, were sufficient to support the finding that he had committed the burglary. Similarly, this Court affirmed the conviction of a defendant whose fingerprint was found “in an obscure, private part” of a burglarized dental office where the dentist testified that he had never before seen the defendant and had no records of having treated him as a patient. Summerson v. State, 200 So.2d 594, 595 (Fla. 3d DCA 1967).

The defendant’s appellate counsel contends that the trial court should have granted the trial court’s motion for judgment of acquittal because the State did not prove that the DNA evidence (blood) linking him to the burglary was collected from an area that was inaccessible to the public. The defendant’s appellate counsel argues that although the defendant’s DNA was collected from glass from a window broken to gain entry to the bakery, there was no evidence that the defendant’s DNA was collected from the inside of the window. Because the outside of the window was accessible to the public, appellate counsel claims the circumstantial evidence was insufficient to establish his guilt. In support of this argument, appellate counsel cites to clearly established law that holds that where the State’s case is based solely on circumstantial evidence, and the circumstantial evidence is a fingerprint found on the outside of a window of a vehicle or a building and on items within a business in an area open to the public, the evidence is insufficient to establish the defendant’s guilt as a matter of law. See, e.g., C.E. v. State, 665 So.2d 1097 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996) (reversing a defendant’s conviction because it was undisputed that his fingerprints were found on the exterior of a burglarized vehicle and such circumstantial evidence was not inconsistent with his reasonable hypothesis of innocence).

The cases the defendant’s appellate counsel relies on are inapplicable and her arguments are without merit because in this case, contrary to the representations made in the appellate brief, the record reflects that the DNA (blood evidence) linked to the defendant in this case was collected from the inside of a window at the burglarized bakery, the point of entry of the burglary, in an area of the bakery admittedly not accessible to the public.

Various witnesses testified at the defendant’s trial that they observed blood on the inside of a window that was smashed during the burglary, and otherwise established that the DNA collected at the scene and which was linked to the defendant was collected from the inside of the window. The owner of the bakery testified that he observed blood and small hairs on the broken glass, and that he boarded up the outside of the window with plywood. The plywood was still in place when the crime scene investigator arrived to collect the DNA evidence. The owner also testified that he had never before seen the defendant.

The owner’s son-in-law, who arrived very early in the morning following the burglary, testified that although the window of the bakery had been shattered, much of the glass was still affixed to the frame. He testified that he observed what appeared to be blood on a piece of glass still affixed to the window, on the inside of the window. He stated that the plywood remained in place on the outside of the window from the morning after the burglary through the time the investigator swabbed the window, and he watched the investigator swab the inside of the window to collect the DNA sample.

[186] The responding police officer testified that he examined the window from the inside of the oven room and saw blood on the inside of the window. He further stated that he observed blood on the floor of the bakery. Finally, the crime scene investigator testified that, from the inside of the bakery, he swabbed several pieces of broken glass from the windowsill and floor that appeared to be stained with blood.

Thus, contrary to the arguments made by the defendant’s appellate counsel in the initial brief and at oral argument, there is record evidence that the defendant’s DNA was found and collected from the inside of the window of the bakery, which was smashed during the burglary, in a room not accessible to the public. Thus, based on the totality of this evidence, we conclude that the State presented sufficient evidence to rebut the defendant’s reasonable hypothesis of innocence.

JURY SELECTION

The defendant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in limiting his voir dire of the jury. We disagree. While it is entirely proper for a lawyer to ask questions that test whether a juror can properly accept physical and testimonial evidence, and a lawyer may inquire into juror bias concerning the defendant’s defense, a lawyer is not permitted to pretry his or her case. Jackson v. State, 881 So.2d 711, 714 (Fla. 3d DCA 2004).

The defendant also alleges that the trial court committed manifest error in refusing to strike a juror, Mr. Romero, for cause. We note that two very different “Original” transcripts of the voir dire and jury selection proceedings were submitted to this Court. The first “Original” was filed with this Court on April 20, 2009. The second “Original” was filed by the defendant as a “supplemental record” on September 17, 2009. Both contain certifications from the same court reporter certifying that the transcript is “a true and complete record” of the stenographer’s notes of the proceedings, and both certifications are dated March 30, 2009. These two certified “Original” transcripts of the same proceedings are remarkably different.

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Rivero v. State, 35 So. 3d 183, 2010 Fla. App. LEXIS 7610, 2010 WL 2186196 (Fla. Ct. App. 2010).

35 So. 3d 183 (Rivero v. State) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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