Ridgeway v. Kaiser

Opinion

F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUL 28 1999 TENTH CIRCUIT __________________________ PATRICK FISHER Clerk

WAYNE CURTIS RIDGEWAY,

Petitioner-Appellant,

v. No. 99-7018 (E.D. Okla.) STEVE KAISER, Warden; (D.Ct. No. 97-CV-595-S) ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA,

Respondents-Appellees. ____________________________

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before BRORBY, EBEL, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.

After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument.

* This order and judgment is not binding precedent except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. Appellant Wayne Curtis Ridgeway, a state inmate appearing pro se, appeals

the district court’s decision dismissing his habeas corpus petition pursuant to 28

U.S.C. § 2254 and denying his request for a certificate of appealability. We deny

Mr. Ridgeway’s request for a certificate of appealability and dismiss his appeal.

Mr. Ridgeway pled guilty to attempted first degree rape and forcible oral

sodomy after former conviction of two or more felonies. The state trial court

sentenced him to two consecutive terms of imprisonment consisting of eighty-one

years for the rape and twenty years for the sodomy charge. Mr. Ridgeway

subsequently filed a motion to withdraw his guilty plea contending it was not

knowing and voluntary. The state trial court denied the motion, and on appeal,

the Court of Criminal Appeals for the State of Oklahoma denied Mr. Ridgeway’s

petition for writ of certiorari.

Thereafter, Mr. Ridgeway filed a pro se application for state post-

conviction relief claiming the state trial court erred in enhancing his sentences for

convictions arising out of the same transaction or occurrence. He claimed the

enhancement resulted in the court wrongfully sentencing him under the habitual

criminal statute, Okla. Stat. tit. 21, § 51(b). In attempting to overcome the

procedural bar in raising these new claims, Mr. Ridgeway suggested his trial and

-2- appellate counsel were ineffective because they failed to raise these issues on

direct appeal. The trial court denied the application, and the Oklahoma Court of

Criminal Appeals affirmed finding Mr. Ridgeway failed to show cause why either

he or his counsel were prevented from constructing or raising these claims on

direct appeal. In addition, the court concluded the record did not show deficient

performance by his appellate counsel in failing to raise these claims, that Mr.

Ridgeway was somehow improperly sentenced as an habitual offender, or that he

received a sentence in excess of the law.

In his federal habeas corpus petition, Mr. Ridgeway claimed: (1) the state

trial court improperly enhanced his sentences with convictions arising out of the

same transaction or occurrence; (2) the state trial court denied him due process of

law because it sentenced him under the habitual offender statute; (3) his state

appellate counsel was ineffective because he failed to raise the ineffectiveness of

his trial counsel in not challenging the use of his prior convictions; and (4) he was

never informed of the actual minimum or maximum range of punishment for the

crimes at issue.

The district court assigned the petition to a federal magistrate judge who

recommended dismissal of Mr. Ridgeway’s petition. The magistrate judge

-3- determined Mr. Ridgeway failed to show entitlement to federal habeas relief on

the issues involving the use of his prior convictions and the habitual offender

statute in determining his sentence. With respect to Mr. Ridgeway’s claim of

ineffective assistance of counsel, the magistrate judge found that the Oklahoma

Court of Criminal Appeals, after analyzing the claim under the correct federal

standards, properly found no merit to the claim. Finally, after reviewing the

record, the magistrate judge determined the court advised Mr. Ridgeway of the

minimum and maximum sentences when he entered his plea, so his plea was

voluntary, knowing and intelligent. The district court adopted the magistrate

judge’s findings and recommendations and dismissed the petition.

On appeal, Mr. Ridgeway raises the same issues presented to and addressed

by the district court. He also claims insufficient evidence supports the magistrate

judge’s findings and conclusions, and for the first time on appeal, alleges his

innocence to the crimes surrounding his three prior felony convictions used to

enhance his sentence.

We review de novo both the legal bases for the district court’s dismissal of

Mr. Ridgeway’s § 2254 petition, see Jackson v. Shanks, 143 F.3d 1313, 1317

(10th Cir.), cert. denied, 119 S. Ct. 378 (1998), and Mr. Ridgeway’s ineffective

-4- assistance of counsel claim. United States v. Prows, 118 F.3d 686, 691 (10th Cir

1997). We review the district court’s factual findings for clear error, presume the

state court’s factual findings are correct, and afford deference to the state court’s

construction of state law. Jackson, 143 F.3d at 1317. In considering Mr.

Ridgeway’s appeal, his pro se pleadings must be construed liberally and held to a

less stringent standard than formal pleadings drafted by lawyers. Hall v. Bellmon,

935 F.2d 1106, 1110 (10th Cir. 1991) (citing Haines v . Kerner, 404 U.S. 519,

520-21 (1972)).

With these standards in mind, we begin by noting that Mr. Ridgeway failed

to present the issues involving the use of his prior convictions and the habitual

offender statute on direct appeal to the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals.

Under Oklahoma law, if a prisoner bypasses an issue on direct appeal, he may not

assert that issue in application for state post-conviction relief, unless “sufficient

reason” prevented assertion of the error or it was caused by a procedural error of

counsel. See Jones v. State, 704 P.2d 1138, 1140 (Okla. Crim. App. 1985). In

this case, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals determined Mr. Ridgeway

failed to show a sufficient reason for the procedural error or that his appellate

counsel rendered deficient performance by failing to raise these claims on direct

appeal. Thus, the state appeals court concluded Mr. Ridgeway procedurally

-5- defaulted his claims as to the use of his prior convictions and the habitual

offender statute.

Despite his procedural default at the state level, Mr. Ridgeway in his

federal appeal renews his argument that the state trial court improperly used his

prior convictions and the habitual offender statutes in determining his sentencing.

In his attempt to overcome the procedural bar on his defaulted state claim, Mr.

Ridgeway again suggests his default resulted from his appellate counsel’s failure

to raise the prior convictions and habitual offender claims on direct appeal. The

general rule is that failure to raise a claim at trial or on direct appeal will preclude

federal habeas corpus review of the merits of the claim absent a showing of either

cause and prejudice, or a fundamental miscarriage of justice. Brecheen v.

Reynolds, 41 F.3d 1343, 1363 (10th Cir. 1994), cert. denied, 515 U.S. 1135

(1995). However, when the underlying claim is ineffective assistance of counsel,

this general rule no longer applies and federal habeas review may occur. Id. In

order for Mr. Ridgeway to succeed on this ineffective assistance of counsel claim,

he must show his attorney’s performance was deficient, and that the deficient

performance prejudiced his defense. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,

687 (1984).

-6- Even construing Mr. Ridgeway’s pro se pleadings liberally, a review of the

record establishes he has not shown the requisite cause and prejudice, or

ineffective assistance of counsel, necessary to overcome the procedural bar

surrounding his claim. While he premises his default on ineffective assistance of

appellate counsel, the record shows his counsel’s performance was not deficient.

Specifically, his appellate counsel explained he did not raise the prior conviction

and habitual offender statute issues on direct appeal because Rule 4.2(b) of the

Rules of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals mandates that no matter may

be raised in the petition for writ of certiorari unless the same issues were raised in

the application to withdraw the guilty plea. Because Mr. Ridgeway’s application

to withdraw the plea did not raise these issues, his appellate counsel reasonably

believed he was restricted from raising them on direct appeal, unless he

supplemented the record. Our record shows appellate counsel explained to Mr.

Ridgeway the possibility of pursuing the prior conviction issue by supplementing

the record with certified copies of those convictions, but that Mr. Ridgeway failed

to assist counsel in pursuing this course of action. Thus, Mr. Ridgeway fails to

establish that ineffective assistance of appellate counsel resulted in his default.

Mr. Ridgeway’s conclusory and unsupported assertion that he is innocent of

the prior convictions on which his sentence is based is also insufficient to

-7- overcome his procedural default, or to undermine our confidence in his guilty plea

to the instant convictions. See Schlup v. Delo, 513 U.S. 298, 316 (1995). The

fact Mr. Ridgeway claims his innocence as to his prior convictions for the first

time on appeal, coupled with his failure to allege his innocence as to the charges

in his instant convictions, leads us to conclude that he has not made a colorable

showing of innocence necessary under the fundamental miscarriage of justice

standard. Because Mr. Ridgeway has not shown any other reason for failing to

raise these issues on direct appeal, the district court properly concluded that he

failed to present an argument supporting federal habeas relief.

Mr. Ridgeway also contends his appellate counsel was ineffective because

he failed to raise, on direct appeal, the issue of his trial counsel’s ineffectiveness

in not challenging the use of his prior convictions. However, it was not

unreasonable for Mr. Ridgeway’s appellate counsel to omit such a claim in the

direct appeal involving Mr. Ridgeway’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea,

because the motion centered on Mr. Ridgeway’s alleged uninformed guilty plea

and not on ineffective assistance of counsel. Moreover, as noted, appellate

counsel attempted to assist Mr. Ridgeway in supplementing the record with his

prior convictions in order to ultimately initiate a proper appeal of those issues.

Thus, we do not consider his appellate counsel’s performance deficient.

-8- Finally, we conclude Mr. Ridgeway’s guilty plea was not involuntary,

unknowing or unintelligent. The transcripts of the plea and sentencing hearings

clearly establish Mr. Ridgeway knew, prior to pleading guilty, that the minimum

sentence was twenty years and that no maximum penalty existed.

In order to obtain a certificate of appealability, Mr. Ridgeway must make

“‘a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.’” Lennox v. Evans,

87 F.3d 431, 434 (10th Cir. 1996) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2253), cert. denied, 519

U.S. 1081 (1997), and overruled on other grounds by United States v. Kunzman,

125 F.3d 1363, 1364 n.2 (10th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 118 S. Ct 1375 (1998).

Mr. Ridgeway fails to make such a showing.

For these reasons, we deny Mr. Ridgeway’s request for a certificate of

appealability, and DISMISS his appeal.

Entered by the Court:

WADE BRORBY United States Circuit Judge

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