COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, Athey and Senior Judge Frank Argued by videoconference UNPUBLISHED
RICHARD HILL MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 1229-20-4 JUDGE ROBERT P. FRANK JULY 13, 2021 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ARLINGTON COUNTY Daniel S. Fiore, II, Judge
Bradley R. Haywood (Office of the Public Defender, on briefs), for appellant.
Katherine Quinlan Adelfio, Assistant Attorney General (Mark R. Herring, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Richard Hill, appellant, appeals the trial court’s denial of his emergency motion for
reconsideration of his sentence. The trial court found it had no jurisdiction to hear the motion
because appellant had appealed his underlying revocation order to this Court. For the reasons
stated, we dismiss the appeal.
BACKGROUND
On March 9, 2015, appellant pleaded guilty to one count of attempted unlawful wounding.
The trial court sentenced appellant to three years’ incarceration with all but six months suspended.
Following a March 16, 2018 revocation hearing, the trial court found appellant in violation of his
probation, revoked all of his suspended sentence, and then re-suspended all but one year. The trial
court also restored appellant to probation for an additional two years.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. On February 6, 2019, the trial court initiated a second and later, a third probation violation.
Appellant moved to dismiss, asserting that the trial court lacked jurisdiction. The trial court denied
that motion to dismiss. The trial court subsequently found appellant in violation of the terms and
conditions of his probation and sentenced him to the balance of his previously suspended sentence
by order of March 11, 2020. Appellant appealed that decision to this Court, which affirmed the trial
court’s judgment. See Hill v. Commonwealth, 73 Va. App. 206 (2021).
On April 27, 2020, while his revocation appeal was pending, appellant filed a motion to
reconsider the revocation sentence imposed by final order of March 11, 2020,1 asking that the
remainder of his active sentence be suspended. On September 29, 2020, the trial court denied
appellant’s motion for reconsideration of his sentence, finding that it lacked jurisdiction because
appellant had appealed the revocation order to this Court. At the time of the motion and ruling,
appellant had not been transferred to the Department of Corrections and remained in local custody.
Appellant served his sentence in full and was released from the Arlington County Detention Center
on February 23, 2021.
ANALYSIS
The Commonwealth admits that the trial court erred because it did have jurisdiction to act
on the motion to reconsider,2 but contends this appeal is moot because no controversy remains
between the parties. If the appeal is moot, we must dismiss it without addressing the merits.
“A case becomes moot ‘when the issues presented are no longer “live” or the parties lack a
legally cognizable interest in the outcome.’” Ingram v. Commonwealth, 62 Va. App. 14, 21 (2013)
1 The Commonwealth indicated it would not object to the relief sought by appellant if he had a suitable plan to address his mental health upon release. 2 “[A]n ‘issue which is a question of law is not subject to a concession binding on this Court.’” Virginia Marine Res. Comm’n v. Chincoteague Inn, 287 Va. 371, 389 (2014) (alterations and citation omitted). -2- (quoting Chafin v. Chafin, 568 U.S. 165, 172 (2013)). “Whenever it appears . . . that there is no
actual controversy between the litigants . . . it is the duty of every judicial tribunal not to proceed to
the formal determination of the apparent controversy, but to dismiss the case.” Virginia
Broadcasting Corp. v. Commonwealth, 286 Va. 239, 247-48 (2013) (quoting E.C. v. Dep’t of
Juvenile Justice, 283 Va. 522, 530 (2012)).
“No matter how vehemently the parties continue to dispute the lawfulness of the conduct
that precipitated the lawsuit, the case is moot if the dispute is no longer embedded in any actual
controversy about the plaintiffs’ particular legal rights.” Ingram, 62 Va. App. at 21-22 (quoting
Already, LLC v. Nike, Inc., 568 U.S. 85, 91 (2013)). “It is not the office of courts to give opinions
on abstract propositions of law, or to decide questions upon which no rights depend, and where no
relief can be afforded. Only real controversies and existing rights are entitled to invoke the exercise
of their powers.” Daily Press, Inc. v. Commonwealth, 285 Va. 447, 452 (2013) (quoting E.C., 283
Va. at 530).
Here, appellant’s motion to reconsider requested only a reduction of his active sentence and
was not based on the merits of the revocation.3 It is uncontested that appellant was released after
serving his sentence on February 23, 2021. Appellant has no sentence remaining after his release
from incarceration. Even if we agreed with appellant’s assignment of error, there is nothing that can
be done on remand because there is no further sentence to suspend. The appeal is moot.
Hallmark Personnel Agency, Inc. v. Jones, 207 Va. 968 (1967), supports this analysis.
There, Jones contracted not to seek employment with any other similar agency for a period of
eighteen months after termination of employment with Hallmark. Id. at 968-69. Jones, however,
accepted employment with a nearby competing agency in violation of the Hallmark employment
3 As noted, this Court has addressed Hill’s separate challenge to the revocation order. See Hill v. Commonwealth, 73 Va. App. 206 (2021). -3- contract. Id. Hallmark sought to enjoin Jones from continuing with that employment because of the
eighteen-month contract clause. Id. at 969. The trial court dismissed the complaint, and during the
pendency of the appeal, the eighteen-month restriction period expired, which allowed Jones to seek
other similar employment. Id. at 969-70. The Supreme Court of Virginia held the appeal was moot.
“When it appears from the record, or from matters of which courts may take judicial notice, that the
controversy that once existed has terminated by lapse of time, the appellate court will dismiss the
writ of error or appeal.” Id. at 970 (quoting Hankins v. Town of Virginia Beach, 182 Va. 642, 644
(1944)). See also Cumberland Bank & Trust Co. v. French, 186 Va. 53 (1947).
In his reply brief, appellant contends the trial court imposed additional costs after the March
11, 2020 final order. Although this Court can consider the collateral consequences of a conviction
to determine whether the proceeding is moot, E.C., 283 Va. at 536, some such consequences may be
too remote or speculative to overcome the mootness claim. The obligation to pay fees, costs, or
restitution is not speculative. See Cilwa v. Commonwealth, Record No. 161278 (Va. Dec. 14,
2017).4 However, the court order of March 11, 2020 does not assess any costs or fees against the
appellant. Appellant produced a letter dated May 22, 2020, from the trial court clerk’s office
indicating appellant’s counsel submitted a request for transcripts. According to that letter, the trial
court approved an award of $626.25 for transcript fees “of the requested hearing” but the letter
failed to indicate what the “requested hearing” addressed.
Rule 5A:25(c)(6) requires the appendix to contain “exhibits necessary for an understanding
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Petty, Athey and Senior Judge Frank Argued by videoconference UNPUBLISHED
RICHARD HILL MEMORANDUM OPINION* BY v. Record No. 1229-20-4 JUDGE ROBERT P. FRANK JULY 13, 2021 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF ARLINGTON COUNTY Daniel S. Fiore, II, Judge
Bradley R. Haywood (Office of the Public Defender, on briefs), for appellant.
Katherine Quinlan Adelfio, Assistant Attorney General (Mark R. Herring, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.
Richard Hill, appellant, appeals the trial court’s denial of his emergency motion for
reconsideration of his sentence. The trial court found it had no jurisdiction to hear the motion
because appellant had appealed his underlying revocation order to this Court. For the reasons
stated, we dismiss the appeal.
BACKGROUND
On March 9, 2015, appellant pleaded guilty to one count of attempted unlawful wounding.
The trial court sentenced appellant to three years’ incarceration with all but six months suspended.
Following a March 16, 2018 revocation hearing, the trial court found appellant in violation of his
probation, revoked all of his suspended sentence, and then re-suspended all but one year. The trial
court also restored appellant to probation for an additional two years.
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. On February 6, 2019, the trial court initiated a second and later, a third probation violation.
Appellant moved to dismiss, asserting that the trial court lacked jurisdiction. The trial court denied
that motion to dismiss. The trial court subsequently found appellant in violation of the terms and
conditions of his probation and sentenced him to the balance of his previously suspended sentence
by order of March 11, 2020. Appellant appealed that decision to this Court, which affirmed the trial
court’s judgment. See Hill v. Commonwealth, 73 Va. App. 206 (2021).
On April 27, 2020, while his revocation appeal was pending, appellant filed a motion to
reconsider the revocation sentence imposed by final order of March 11, 2020,1 asking that the
remainder of his active sentence be suspended. On September 29, 2020, the trial court denied
appellant’s motion for reconsideration of his sentence, finding that it lacked jurisdiction because
appellant had appealed the revocation order to this Court. At the time of the motion and ruling,
appellant had not been transferred to the Department of Corrections and remained in local custody.
Appellant served his sentence in full and was released from the Arlington County Detention Center
on February 23, 2021.
ANALYSIS
The Commonwealth admits that the trial court erred because it did have jurisdiction to act
on the motion to reconsider,2 but contends this appeal is moot because no controversy remains
between the parties. If the appeal is moot, we must dismiss it without addressing the merits.
“A case becomes moot ‘when the issues presented are no longer “live” or the parties lack a
legally cognizable interest in the outcome.’” Ingram v. Commonwealth, 62 Va. App. 14, 21 (2013)
1 The Commonwealth indicated it would not object to the relief sought by appellant if he had a suitable plan to address his mental health upon release. 2 “[A]n ‘issue which is a question of law is not subject to a concession binding on this Court.’” Virginia Marine Res. Comm’n v. Chincoteague Inn, 287 Va. 371, 389 (2014) (alterations and citation omitted). -2- (quoting Chafin v. Chafin, 568 U.S. 165, 172 (2013)). “Whenever it appears . . . that there is no
actual controversy between the litigants . . . it is the duty of every judicial tribunal not to proceed to
the formal determination of the apparent controversy, but to dismiss the case.” Virginia
Broadcasting Corp. v. Commonwealth, 286 Va. 239, 247-48 (2013) (quoting E.C. v. Dep’t of
Juvenile Justice, 283 Va. 522, 530 (2012)).
“No matter how vehemently the parties continue to dispute the lawfulness of the conduct
that precipitated the lawsuit, the case is moot if the dispute is no longer embedded in any actual
controversy about the plaintiffs’ particular legal rights.” Ingram, 62 Va. App. at 21-22 (quoting
Already, LLC v. Nike, Inc., 568 U.S. 85, 91 (2013)). “It is not the office of courts to give opinions
on abstract propositions of law, or to decide questions upon which no rights depend, and where no
relief can be afforded. Only real controversies and existing rights are entitled to invoke the exercise
of their powers.” Daily Press, Inc. v. Commonwealth, 285 Va. 447, 452 (2013) (quoting E.C., 283
Va. at 530).
Here, appellant’s motion to reconsider requested only a reduction of his active sentence and
was not based on the merits of the revocation.3 It is uncontested that appellant was released after
serving his sentence on February 23, 2021. Appellant has no sentence remaining after his release
from incarceration. Even if we agreed with appellant’s assignment of error, there is nothing that can
be done on remand because there is no further sentence to suspend. The appeal is moot.
Hallmark Personnel Agency, Inc. v. Jones, 207 Va. 968 (1967), supports this analysis.
There, Jones contracted not to seek employment with any other similar agency for a period of
eighteen months after termination of employment with Hallmark. Id. at 968-69. Jones, however,
accepted employment with a nearby competing agency in violation of the Hallmark employment
3 As noted, this Court has addressed Hill’s separate challenge to the revocation order. See Hill v. Commonwealth, 73 Va. App. 206 (2021). -3- contract. Id. Hallmark sought to enjoin Jones from continuing with that employment because of the
eighteen-month contract clause. Id. at 969. The trial court dismissed the complaint, and during the
pendency of the appeal, the eighteen-month restriction period expired, which allowed Jones to seek
other similar employment. Id. at 969-70. The Supreme Court of Virginia held the appeal was moot.
“When it appears from the record, or from matters of which courts may take judicial notice, that the
controversy that once existed has terminated by lapse of time, the appellate court will dismiss the
writ of error or appeal.” Id. at 970 (quoting Hankins v. Town of Virginia Beach, 182 Va. 642, 644
(1944)). See also Cumberland Bank & Trust Co. v. French, 186 Va. 53 (1947).
In his reply brief, appellant contends the trial court imposed additional costs after the March
11, 2020 final order. Although this Court can consider the collateral consequences of a conviction
to determine whether the proceeding is moot, E.C., 283 Va. at 536, some such consequences may be
too remote or speculative to overcome the mootness claim. The obligation to pay fees, costs, or
restitution is not speculative. See Cilwa v. Commonwealth, Record No. 161278 (Va. Dec. 14,
2017).4 However, the court order of March 11, 2020 does not assess any costs or fees against the
appellant. Appellant produced a letter dated May 22, 2020, from the trial court clerk’s office
indicating appellant’s counsel submitted a request for transcripts. According to that letter, the trial
court approved an award of $626.25 for transcript fees “of the requested hearing” but the letter
failed to indicate what the “requested hearing” addressed.
Rule 5A:25(c)(6) requires the appendix to contain “exhibits necessary for an understanding
of the case that can reasonably be reproduced.” It is assumed that the appendix contains everything
germane to the assignments of error; however, this Court may consider other parts of the record.
Rule 5A:25(h).
4 “Although not binding precedent, unpublished opinions can be cited and considered for their persuasive value.” Otey v. Commonwealth, 61 Va. App. 346, 350 n.3 (2012) (citing Rule 5A:1(f)). -4- Here, the only evidence of the $626.25 transcript fee was a May 22, 2020 letter from the
clerk of the Circuit Court of Arlington County. This letter is not contained in the appendix but does
appear in the trial court’s record. However, appellant conceded in his opening brief that the trial
court never held a hearing on his motion for reconsideration. Thus, the transcript is not germane to
this appeal. Moreover, the trial court order denying the motion for reconsideration did not assess
any court costs against appellant. We have consistently held that a trial court speaks through its
written orders. Rose v. Jaques, 268 Va. 137, 147 (2004). Upon review, we find that any potential
collateral consequences are too remote or speculative to present any live controversy.
“[T]he burden of establishing that we lack jurisdiction rests on ‘the party who alleges that a
controversy before us has become moot.’” Reston Hosp. Center, LLC v. Remley, 63 Va. App. 755,
767 (2014) (quoting Michigan v. Long, 463 U.S. 1032, 1042 n.8 (1983)). “We presume in those
circumstances that we have jurisdiction until some party establishes that we do not for reasons of
mootness.” Id.
The Commonwealth has met its burden to show this appeal is moot. The only issue in
appellant’s motion was to reduce his sentence. Since the parties agree that appellant fully served the
sentence imposed, there is nothing left to suspend. Appellant has no interest in the outcome, so the
controversy no longer exists. The issue raised in the appeal is moot, and we thus dismiss the
appeal.5
Dismissed.
5 Consequently, the present case is dismissed without costs to appellant. Hankins, 182 Va. at 644; Cumberland Bank & Trust Co., 186 Va. at 54. -5-