FILED NOT FOR PUBLICATION JAN 09 2017 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
RICHARD DAVIS, III, No. 13-15868
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:11-cv-01242-KJM- DAD v.
FOLSOM CORDOVA UNIFIED MEMORANDUM* SCHOOL DISTRICT; et al.,
Defendants-Appellees,
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California Kimberly J. Mueller, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted December 14, 2016** San Francisco, California
Before: HAWKINS, BERZON, and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges.
Richard Davis appeals pro se the judgment dismissing with prejudice his second
amended complaint against the Folsom Cordova Unified School District (“District”)
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). and eleven individual defendants alleging various civil rights violations under 42
U.S.C. § 1983 and retaliation in violation of Title IX. We have jurisdiction under 28
U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo the district court’s dismissal for failure to state a
claim, Levitt v. Yelp! Inc., 765 F.3d 1123, 1126 (9th Cir. 2014), and may affirm on any
ground supported by the record, Johnson v. Riverside Healthcare Sys., LP, 534 F.3d
1116, 1121 (9th Cir. 2008). We affirm.
Davis alleges that the District and the individual defendants discriminated and
retaliated against him after he complained that a District policy holding cheerleaders
to a higher academic standard than football players was discriminatory and violated
Title IX. Davis alleges that the District and individual defendants discriminated and
retaliated against him by limiting his oldest daughter’s practice time and position on
the cheerleading squad and failing to adequately investigate or address his complaints,
ultimately causing Davis emotional distress.
The defendants initially argue that Davis is seeking to recover for the violation
of his daughter’s rights and as a result lacks standing to pursue the claims in the
complaint. The second amended complaint and Davis’s briefing in this appeal
indicate, however, that Davis is attempting to allege violations of his personal rights
and recover for the emotional distress resulting from acts allegedly taken in retaliation
for the exercise of his First Amendment rights. Although Davis has standing to pursue
2 claims based on the violation of his rights and actions taken in retaliation against him
for his speech, see, e.g., Soranno’s Gasco, Inc. v. Morgan, 874 F.2d 1310, 1318–19
(9th Cir. 1989), he has failed to allege sufficient facts to state any such claim.1
1. The district court properly dismissed all claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983
against the District and the individual defendants in their official capacities on
Eleventh Amendment grounds. See Belanger v. Madera Unified Sch. Dist., 963 F.2d
248, 254 (9th Cir. 1992) (California school district is a state agency for purposes of
Eleventh Amendment); see also Brown v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr., 554 F.3d 747, 752 (9th
Cir. 2009) (California has not waived immunity for § 1983 claims).
2. To state a claim for relief against the defendants in their individual
capacities, Davis was required to allege, among other things, facts demonstrating each
individual’s personal involvement in a constitutional violation. See Redman v. Cty. of
San Diego, 942 F.2d 1435, 1446 (9th Cir. 1991) (en banc), abrogated on other grounds
by Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825 (1994). The only non-conclusory allegations
involving defendants Marty Bauman, Ed Short, Teresa Stanley, Joanne Reinking,
Richard Shaw, and Roger Benton are simply that they were copied on one or more
1 To the extent Davis is attempting to assert any claims based on the allegedly discriminatory academic or absentee policies applicable to cheerleaders at Vista del Lago High School, Davis lacks standing to assert those claims. See RK Ventures, Inc. v. City of Seattle, 307 F.3d 1045, 1054–55 (9th Cir. 2002). 3 letters from Davis. Such allegations are insufficient to state a § 1983 claim on any
basis. Thus, there was no error in dismissing all claims against these defendants.
3. Nor did the district court err in dismissing the § 1983 First Amendment
retaliation claims against defendants John Dixon, Robert Reed, Patrick Godwin, Janie
DeArcos, Darcy Amiss, or Melanie Heimburg. Davis did not plead facts indicating
that the manner in which Dixon, Reed, Godwin, and DeArcos investigated and
responded to his complaints was adverse or retaliatory in nature. See Coszalter v. City
of Salem, 320 F.3d 968, 974–75, 977 (9th Cir. 2003). Although Davis alleges
sufficient facts to demonstrate that Amiss knew and was unhappy about his complaint,
the allegations that Amiss and Heimburg “limit[ed]” the practice time and cheer camp
participation of Davis’s daughter, and did not allow Davis’s daughter to continue to
compete in a particular position on the cheer squad, do not demonstrate adverse action
sufficient to support a First Amendment retaliation claim. See Nunez v. City of Los
Angeles, 147 F.3d 867, 875 (9th Cir. 1998), see also Mulligan v. Nichols, 835 F.3d
983, 989 (9th Cir. 2016). Therefore, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of Davis’s
§ 1983 First Amendment retaliation claims against all defendants.
4. We also affirm the district court’s dismissal of Davis’s § 1983 due process
and equal protection claims. Davis’s allegations that the defendants failed to
adequately investigate and respond to his various complaints do not identify any liberty
4 or property interest sufficient to state a due process claim under § 1983. See Nunez,
147 F.3d at 871. They similarly do not demonstrate that any defendant discriminated
against Davis based on his membership in a protected class, see Lee v. City of Los
Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 686–87 (9th Cir. 2001), or that the defendants intentionally
treated him differently than similarly situated individuals with “no rational basis for
the difference in treatment,” see Vill. of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 564
(2000) (per curiam).
5. Furthermore, there was no error in dismissing Davis’s Title IX retaliation
claim. Although a plaintiff need not be the subject of the original Title IX complaint
to bring a subsequent retaliation claim, Davis has failed to allege that the District, as
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FILED NOT FOR PUBLICATION JAN 09 2017 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
RICHARD DAVIS, III, No. 13-15868
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 2:11-cv-01242-KJM- DAD v.
FOLSOM CORDOVA UNIFIED MEMORANDUM* SCHOOL DISTRICT; et al.,
Defendants-Appellees,
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California Kimberly J. Mueller, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted December 14, 2016** San Francisco, California
Before: HAWKINS, BERZON, and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges.
Richard Davis appeals pro se the judgment dismissing with prejudice his second
amended complaint against the Folsom Cordova Unified School District (“District”)
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). and eleven individual defendants alleging various civil rights violations under 42
U.S.C. § 1983 and retaliation in violation of Title IX. We have jurisdiction under 28
U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo the district court’s dismissal for failure to state a
claim, Levitt v. Yelp! Inc., 765 F.3d 1123, 1126 (9th Cir. 2014), and may affirm on any
ground supported by the record, Johnson v. Riverside Healthcare Sys., LP, 534 F.3d
1116, 1121 (9th Cir. 2008). We affirm.
Davis alleges that the District and the individual defendants discriminated and
retaliated against him after he complained that a District policy holding cheerleaders
to a higher academic standard than football players was discriminatory and violated
Title IX. Davis alleges that the District and individual defendants discriminated and
retaliated against him by limiting his oldest daughter’s practice time and position on
the cheerleading squad and failing to adequately investigate or address his complaints,
ultimately causing Davis emotional distress.
The defendants initially argue that Davis is seeking to recover for the violation
of his daughter’s rights and as a result lacks standing to pursue the claims in the
complaint. The second amended complaint and Davis’s briefing in this appeal
indicate, however, that Davis is attempting to allege violations of his personal rights
and recover for the emotional distress resulting from acts allegedly taken in retaliation
for the exercise of his First Amendment rights. Although Davis has standing to pursue
2 claims based on the violation of his rights and actions taken in retaliation against him
for his speech, see, e.g., Soranno’s Gasco, Inc. v. Morgan, 874 F.2d 1310, 1318–19
(9th Cir. 1989), he has failed to allege sufficient facts to state any such claim.1
1. The district court properly dismissed all claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983
against the District and the individual defendants in their official capacities on
Eleventh Amendment grounds. See Belanger v. Madera Unified Sch. Dist., 963 F.2d
248, 254 (9th Cir. 1992) (California school district is a state agency for purposes of
Eleventh Amendment); see also Brown v. Cal. Dep’t of Corr., 554 F.3d 747, 752 (9th
Cir. 2009) (California has not waived immunity for § 1983 claims).
2. To state a claim for relief against the defendants in their individual
capacities, Davis was required to allege, among other things, facts demonstrating each
individual’s personal involvement in a constitutional violation. See Redman v. Cty. of
San Diego, 942 F.2d 1435, 1446 (9th Cir. 1991) (en banc), abrogated on other grounds
by Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825 (1994). The only non-conclusory allegations
involving defendants Marty Bauman, Ed Short, Teresa Stanley, Joanne Reinking,
Richard Shaw, and Roger Benton are simply that they were copied on one or more
1 To the extent Davis is attempting to assert any claims based on the allegedly discriminatory academic or absentee policies applicable to cheerleaders at Vista del Lago High School, Davis lacks standing to assert those claims. See RK Ventures, Inc. v. City of Seattle, 307 F.3d 1045, 1054–55 (9th Cir. 2002). 3 letters from Davis. Such allegations are insufficient to state a § 1983 claim on any
basis. Thus, there was no error in dismissing all claims against these defendants.
3. Nor did the district court err in dismissing the § 1983 First Amendment
retaliation claims against defendants John Dixon, Robert Reed, Patrick Godwin, Janie
DeArcos, Darcy Amiss, or Melanie Heimburg. Davis did not plead facts indicating
that the manner in which Dixon, Reed, Godwin, and DeArcos investigated and
responded to his complaints was adverse or retaliatory in nature. See Coszalter v. City
of Salem, 320 F.3d 968, 974–75, 977 (9th Cir. 2003). Although Davis alleges
sufficient facts to demonstrate that Amiss knew and was unhappy about his complaint,
the allegations that Amiss and Heimburg “limit[ed]” the practice time and cheer camp
participation of Davis’s daughter, and did not allow Davis’s daughter to continue to
compete in a particular position on the cheer squad, do not demonstrate adverse action
sufficient to support a First Amendment retaliation claim. See Nunez v. City of Los
Angeles, 147 F.3d 867, 875 (9th Cir. 1998), see also Mulligan v. Nichols, 835 F.3d
983, 989 (9th Cir. 2016). Therefore, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of Davis’s
§ 1983 First Amendment retaliation claims against all defendants.
4. We also affirm the district court’s dismissal of Davis’s § 1983 due process
and equal protection claims. Davis’s allegations that the defendants failed to
adequately investigate and respond to his various complaints do not identify any liberty
4 or property interest sufficient to state a due process claim under § 1983. See Nunez,
147 F.3d at 871. They similarly do not demonstrate that any defendant discriminated
against Davis based on his membership in a protected class, see Lee v. City of Los
Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 686–87 (9th Cir. 2001), or that the defendants intentionally
treated him differently than similarly situated individuals with “no rational basis for
the difference in treatment,” see Vill. of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 564
(2000) (per curiam).
5. Furthermore, there was no error in dismissing Davis’s Title IX retaliation
claim. Although a plaintiff need not be the subject of the original Title IX complaint
to bring a subsequent retaliation claim, Davis has failed to allege that the District, as
opposed to an individual, retaliated against him. See Jackson v. Birmingham Bd. of
Educ., 544 U.S. 167, 179, 184 (2005); see also Gebser v. Lago Vista Indep. Sch. Dist.,
524 U.S. 274, 285 (1998) (plaintiff may not recover against school district for alleged
Title IX violations by employee based solely on principles of respondeat superior).
Finally, we affirm the district court’s dismissal of the second amended complaint
with prejudice. Because Davis had an earlier opportunity to amend his complaint and
failed to add any factual allegations to cure the identified deficiencies, the district court
did not abuse its discretion by dismissing the second amended complaint with
prejudice. See Rubke v. Capitol Bancorp Ltd., 551 F.3d 1156, 1167 (9th Cir. 2009).
All pending motions are denied.
5 AFFIRMED.